“Endodontic processing temporary tooth

in and permanent teeth with

unformed root. Endodontic tools and

techniques. Sealing Root

Channel in temporary and permanent

teeth in children.”

Lecturer: Dr. Katrin Duda

BASED ON FUNCTION

A)EXPLORING - to locate canal orifice and to assist in

obtaining patency of root canal

B) DEBRIDING - to extirpate pulp and remove debris

C) CLEANING AND SHAPING - clean and shape root canals

laterally and apically

D) OBTURATING - To pack filling material into root canal

MODE OF USE

A) HAND

B) ROTARY

• Instruments used in examination are

1)front surface mouth mirror _

overcomes the problem of associated

with double image

2)periodontalprobe

3)explorer

4)cotton forceps

• Long, narrow working ends.• Angle away from shank – easy access.• Locate canal openings.• Explore pulp chambers.

• Longer offset – better reach

• Excise pulp tissue from pulp chamber

• Made from soft iron wire• Machined from steel conical blank • And have numerous hooks as part of the blade • Used to remove Intact pulp tissue

REAMERS

Manufacturing by grinding Triangular blanks Triangle in cross section

Cutting tip Mode of action: Reaming action Rotation and passive withdrawal

Less number of flutes compared with k file

K file Manufacturing mainly from square blank long their long

axis Instruments with tighter spirals.

Mode of Action : filing (push and pull ) Watch-winding motion

K-FLEX:• Forerunner of hybrid instruments.• Hybrid – strength and versatility of K-type +

aggressive cutting of H-type.• Cross-section – rhombus or diamond.• Cutting edge – Two acute angles.• Alternating low flutes – obtuse angle – increase

debris removal.• Space reservoir – reduced compacting dentinal

filing.• Increase flexibility.

Hedstroem Files

Manufactured by grinding a conical steel wire.

Cut in one direction – retraction.

Cross-section – single helix teardrop

Cutting while pulling

Very aggressive

Uses:

• Useful for removal of Gutta-percha in re-treatment cases

•To remove /retrieve broken instruments

Standardization of Endodontic Instruments

Standardization of size

Sizing system goes as follow 6,8,10 ,15,20,25,30,35,40,45,50,55,60

60,70,80,90,100,110,120,130,140

Endodontic file sizing system is not arbitrary but it's based on the diameter of the instrument in the

handbreadth of the millimeters An instrument size 15 means that the diameter of

the instrument at D0= 0.15mm

Engine Driven Instruments USES

To increase speed and efficiency

•According to type of motions they can be classified as

1.Vibratory instruments 2.Sonic /ultra sonic

3. Rotary instruments

Gates – Glidden Drills

Size: From 1 to 6No.. 1 - file # 50No.. 2 -file # 70No.3-file # 90

No.4- file # 110No.5- file # 130No. 6 - file # 15015 or 19 mm long

3. Peeso Reamers

• Used for canal preparation• Parallel rather than elliptical shape..

Sizes:From 1 to 6

No.. 1 - file # 70No.. 2 -file # 90No.3-file # 110No.4- file # 130No.5- file # 150

No.. 6 - file # 170Not as well controlled as G.G. drill

Disadvantages Are aggressive and might rapidly over prepare the

canal or cause perforations if used incorrectly..

•Engine driven Nickel-Titanium instruments

Rotary Instruments

OBTURATING INSTRUMENTS :

1. Lentulo Spirals (paste carriers)

Rotated in clock wise direction after being introduced in the canal..

- It is removed from the canal while still rotating..- Care must be taken as not to extrude material to the apex..

2. Root canal spreaders:Used for lateral condensation [pointed end]

• Hand spreaders ( stiff )• Finger spreaders (Flexible )

• Standardized.

• NiTi finger spreaders• Used in curved canals for good obturation

OBTURATING MATERIAL (CORE MATERIAL)

-Gutta Percha • Silver points

• Reslion Root canal sealers

• Zinc oxide eugenol •Calcium hydroxide

•Resin sealers

Ultra Sonic Instruments:

• Ultrasonic files are attached to the hand piece for canal preparation.

• Ultrasonic Root canal diamond tips are used for canal flaring.

• Ultrasonic root canal spreaders used for thermo-mechanical condensation of

Gutta- percha

Other uses of endosonics::

In addition to the use of endosonic files to clean and shape the root canals, they

play valuable roles in:

1. Access refinement (canal location and identification)

2. Root canal retreatment (fractured instruments,, silver points ,, or posts)

3. Apical surgery (access to the root ends)

Removal of coronal and root restorative material.

Locating and opening of calcified root canals.

Elimination of root obturation material.

Pulp stone removal.

Removal of broken instruments.

USES

ELECTRONIC APEX LOCATOR

It’s a device for root canal length determination. Usually root canal measurements

depend on radiographs. But electric devices have been developed so that the apical

foramen could be located with the use of an electric current.

Mode of Use

A lip clip is attached to the patient’s lip and another electrode is

attached to the file. When the apex is reached, a beep is heard and

a light illuminates in the device indicating the apex.

Mechanism

The Electrical resistance between the

mucosa and Periodontal ligament is

constant.

Electric resistance is felt when a metal

instrument reaches the

apex and the beep is produced.

Irrigation syringes

For introduction of the irrigating solutions inside the root canal.

The needle should have many designs that would not allow the

irrigating solution to be forced apically.

ABSORBENT PAPER POINTS:

Slender cones made of paper or other absorbent material.

Uses – drying the canal

Conveying medicaments

Obtaining canal cultures

Available in standardized sizes

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