© Eija Alakangas, VTT Principal scientist Eija Alakangas, VTT Convenor of WG2 for CEN/TC 335 and...

© Eija Alakangas, VTT

Principal scientist Eija Alakangas, VTTConvenor of WG2 for CEN/TC 335 and ISO/TC 238

New international standards for residential and industrial pellets

November 2013

ISO 17225-pellets standards


2* ISO standards will be published as EN ISO standards in Europe2

European and international framework for solid biofuel standardisation

WTOISO/TC 238

Solid biofuels

EuropeanCommission

SupportingEU-funded

projects

CEN/TC 335Solid biofuels

Mandate

No barriers to trade

Standards

Legislation Standardisation

Viennaagreement*

Results

Information to market actors of solid biofuels


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European (EN) pellet standards published

EN 14961-1 General requirements

− Include all biomass raw materials

− Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely

− Include classification of raw material, which is needed for the product

standards

Product standard EN 14961-2 Wood pellets for non-industrial use

− Properties are bound together to class A1, A2 and B

− ENplus certification system is based on this standard with some exceptions

Product standard EN 14961-6 Non-woody pellet for non-industrial use

EN 14961-2 and 6 standards are targeted for non-industrial use in small-scale

appliances, such as, households, small commercial and public sector buildings.


Solid biofuels standardisation progress during 2000 - 2013

2000 20062004 2010 201420122008

Technical specifications(27 published)

National standardsin force

European standardsEN (36 published)National standards

withdrawn

International standards(≈60 under preparation)

European standards will be superseded by ISO standards

other countries make their own national decisions

1 vote each country2 years preparation time

3 years in forcePrepared 2009-2015

weighed votes5 years in force

Prepared 2007-2012

weighed votes3 years in forcePrepared during

2000-2006

CEN/TS EN

ISO

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International pellet standards (ISO) – 1

EN ISO 17225-1 General requirements (FDIS)

− Include all biomass raw materials and also aquatic biomass

− Flexible classification, each property selected separatetely

− Include classification of raw material, which is needed for product

standards

− Includes also special property classes for thermally treated

biomass pellets (e.g. torrefied pellets)

EN ISO 17225-2 Graded pellets (FDIS)

− Table 1 for non-industrial use

− Table 2 for industrial use


International pellet standards (ISO) – 2

Graded non-woody pellets – EN ISO 17225-6 (FDIS)

− Table 1 for agrobiomass blends and mixtures (classes A and B)− Table2 for straw, miscanthus and reed canary grass pellets

EN ISO 17225-1, 2 and 6 (FDIS stage)

− Values has been agreed− standards have been sent for final approval in May (voting)− Standards will be published in beginning of year 2014− ISO 17225 will supersede EN 14961 standards and will be

published as EN ISO standards in Europe Graded thermally treated densified biomass (proposal stage)

− Proposal for work item (WI) has been discussed in March in ISO/TC 238 meeting and there is support to also prepare this standard

− Voting for new WI will done soon and if accepted standard will be prepared within 2 years.

− SECTOR project is supporting planning and also AEBIOM torrefaction group.

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Specification and classes (EN ISO 17225-1)

Classification is based on origin and source, major traded forms and properties

Hierarchical classification system in table format:− 1 Woody biomass− 2 Herbaceous biomass− 3 Fruit biomass− 4 Aquatic biomass− 5 Biomass blends and mixtures

• blends = intentional (composition known)• mixtures = unintentional

Chemical treatment defined as any treatment with chemicals other than air, heat or water (e.g. glued, painted, coated, lacqued or otherwise treated wood

Chemically treated material shall not include halogenated organic compounds or heavy metals at levels higher than those in typical virgin material values or higher than typical values of the country of origin.


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Biomass

Origin/SourceTraded form(e.g. pellet)

Solid biofuel utilisation chain

Fuelproduction

Solid biofuel

Bioenergyuse

Conversion

Documentation of origin(Table 1 in EN ISO 17225-1

Product declarationEN 15234 series (in Europe)

Tables with property gradesin EN ISO 17225-1 to 7

Fuel Quality AssuranceEN 15234 series (in Europe)


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Wood pellets for households and commercial applications*(EN ISO 17225-2, Table 1)

* Facility that utilise solid biofuel burning appliances or equipmentthat have similar fuel requirements as residential appliances.


Specification of industrial wood pellets (EN ISO 17225-2 (1)

Property Standard A1 A2 B

Origin and source

EN ISO 17225-1

1.1.3 Stemwood1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1.1 Whole trees1.1.3 Stem wood1.1.4 Logging residues1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood1.2 By-products and residues1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood

Diameter and length (D and L, mm)

ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)

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*Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.


Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2)

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Property Standard A1 A2 B

Moisture (M, w-%)

ISO 18134 M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10

Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A0.7 < 0,7 A1.2 < 1,2 A2.0 < 2,0

Bulk density (BD, kg/m3)

ISO 17828 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600 BD600 > 600

Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0 F1.0 < 1.0

Durability (DU, w-%

ISO 1783-1 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU97.5 > 97.5 DU96.5 > 96.5

Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg, kWh/kg)

ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5Q4.6 > 4.6

Q16.5 > 16,5Q4.6 > 4.6

Q16.5 > 16,5Q4.6 > 4.6

Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.02 < 0,02 Cl0.03 < 0,03

N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.5 < 0,5 N1.0 < 1,0

S (w-% dry) ISO 16994 S0.04 < 0,04 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05


Specification of residential wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3)

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Property Standard A1 A2 I3

As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 1 < 1 < 1

Cd (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.5 < 0.5 < 0.5

Cr (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10

Cu (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10

Pb (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10

Hg (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Ni (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 10 < 10 < 10

Zn (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 100 < 100 < 100

Ash melting behaviour*

CEN/TS 153701

Informative, should be stated

* all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions at 550oC.Pre-ashing temperature other than 550 oC should be stated.ENplus certification has 815oC.


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Wood pellets for industrial use (EN ISO 17225-2, Table 2)


Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2 (1)

Property Standard I1 I2 I3

Origin and source

ISO 17225-1 1.1.3 Stemwood1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood1.2.1 Chemically untreated wood*

1.1 Forest plantation and other virgin wood1.2 By-products and residues1.3.1 Chemically untreated used wood

Diameter and length (D and L, mm)

ISO 17829 D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)

D06, 6 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D08, 8 ± 1;3,15 < L <40D10, 10 ± 1;3,15 < L < 40D12, 12 ± 1;3,15 < L <40(1 % longer, <45mm)

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*Negligible levels of glue, grease and other timber production additives used in sawmills during production of timber and timber product from virgin wood are acceptable if all chemical parameters of the pellets are clearly within the limits and concentrations are too small to be concerned with.


Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (2)

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Moisture (M, w-%)

ISO 18134 M10 < 10 M10 < 10 M10 < 10

Ash (A), % d ISO 18122 A1.0 < 1,0 A1.5 < 1,5 A3.0 < 3,0

Bulk density (BD, kg/m3)

ISO 17828 BD600 > 600Max. 750

BD600 > 600Max. 750

BD600 > 600Max. 750

Fines (F, w-%) EN 15210-1 F4.0 < 4.0 F5.0 < 5.0 F6.0 < 6.0

Durability (DU, w-%

ISO 1783-1 97.5<DU <99.0 97.0 <DU<99.0 96.5 < DU <99.0

Net calorific value, Q (as received, MJ/kg)

ISO 18125 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q16.5 > 16,5 Q16.5 > 16,5

Cl (w-% dry) ISO 16994 Cl0.03 < 0,03 Cl0.05 < 0,05 Cl0.06 < 0,06

N (w-% dry) ISO 16948 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.3 < 0,3 N0.6 < 0,6

S (w-% dry) ISO 16994 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05 S0.05 < 0,05


Specification of industrial wood pellets (ISO 17225-2) (3)

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As (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 2 < 2 < 2

Cd (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 1 < 1 < 1

Cr (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 15 < 15 < 15

Cu (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 20 < 20 < 20

Pb (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 20 < 20 < 20

Hg (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 0.1 < 0.1 < 0.1

Zn (mg/kg d) ISO 16968 < 200 < 200 < 200

P (%) ISO 17830 >99% (<3.15 mm)>95% (<2.0 mm)>60% (<0.1 mm)

>99% (<3.15 mm)>90% (<2.0 mm)>50% (<0.1 mm)

>97% (<3.15 mm)>85% (<2.0 mm)>40% (<0.1 mm)

Ash melting behaviour*

CEN/TS 153701

Informative, should be stated

* all temperatures SST, DT, HT and FT in oxidating conditions (550oC).


Additional information

CEN and ISO Fuel specification standards: Eija Alakangas, VTT, [email protected]. +358 400 542 454

Training material of wood pellets and non-woody pellets SolidStandards project (www.solidstandards.eu)

This presentation is supported byPellCert project: www.PellCert.eu

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© Eija Alakangas, VTT Principal scientist Eija Alakangas, VTT Convenor of WG2 for CEN/TC 335 and...

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