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Conus poehlianus Sowerby iii, 1887 Pictures:. Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer Published in: Thes. Conch. v 2nd suppl., p. 257, pl. 31 (509), f. 682 Ocean geography: Indo-Pacific Type Locality: New Ireland Type Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size :48 x 22 mm Nomenclature: An available Name Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors Sowerby ii, 1833 Current Group Names:- Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAE Genus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors poehlianus forma Synonyms:- There are no junior synonyms Geographic Range:-Philippines - New Guinea Habitat:-Form poehlianus to 35 m in adult stage and to 50 m in juvenile stage, near river mouths, on reef and fore-reef; in silt, coral sand and rubble with sand, often beneath rotting logs. Description:-Source Living Conidae C consors In subadult specimens of form poehlianus, white ground suffused with pale brownish violet. Last whorl with 1-2 spiral bands above and 1 band below centre; band nearest shoulder often interrupted or absent, or both adapical bands may fuse. Colour of bands ranges from yellowish brown to violet or dark brown. Dotted, dashed or solid brown spiral lines from base to shoulder, varying in number and arrangement Shell Morphometry L 50-118 mm RW 0.20-1.10 g/mm (L 50-95 mm) RD 0.44-0.63 PMD 0.77-0.88 RSH 0.08-0.20 Form poehlianus is narrowly to ventricosely conical, not distinguishable from each other by shell shape, and differ only in the colour pattern (shades of spiral banding yellowish to orangish brown.
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Conus poehlianus Sowerby iii, 1887
Pictures:.Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer
Published in: Thes. Conch. v 2nd suppl., p. 257, pl. 31 (509), f. 682 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: New IrelandType Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size :48 x 22 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus consors Sowerby ii, 1833Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Pionoconus Species:-consors poehlianus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Philippines - New GuineaHabitat:-Form poehlianus to 35 m in adult stage and to 50 m in juvenile stage, near river mouths, on reef and fore-reef; in silt, coral sand and rubble with sand, often beneath rotting logs.Description:-Source Living Conidae C consorsIn subadult specimens of form poehlianus, white ground suffused with pale brownish violet. Last whorl with 1-2 spiral bands above and 1 band below centre; band nearest shoulder often interrupted or absent, or both adapical bands may fuse. Colour of bands ranges from yellowish brown to violet or dark brown. Dotted, dashed or solid brown spiral lines from base to shoulder, varying in number and arrangementShell Morphometry L 50-118 mm RW 0.20-1.10 g/mm (L 50-95 mm) RD 0.44-0.63 PMD 0.77-0.88 RSH 0.08-0.20 Form poehlianus is narrowly to ventricosely conical, not distinguishable from each other by shell shape, and differ only in the colour pattern (shades of spiral banding yellowish to orangish brown.
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Conus polongimarumai Kosuge, 1980
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in IMT Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Bull. Inst. Malacol. Tokyo I, no. 4, p. 63, pl. 18, f. 6-8Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Punta Enganio, Mactan, PhilippinesType Data: Holotype in IMT deposited and catalogued Type Size: 22.4 x 10.3 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Rolaniconus Species:-polongimarumai Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Philippines; Marshall Islands; New Caledonia; W ThailandHabitat:-Shallow water to 350 m. In Marshall Is., in about 65 m, in coral rubble outside the lagoon at the base of the reef.Description:-Source Living ConidaeSmall to moderately small, light to moderately light. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline straight to slightly convex; left side often slightly concave at base. Shoulder with strong, pointed tubercles continuing as costae below shoulder edge and often also across sutural ramps. Spire of moderate height to high, stepped; outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 3.0-3.25 whorls, maximum diameter 0.7-0.8 mm. Postnuclear whorls with tubercles continuing as costae. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1-3 increasing to 3-7 spiral grooves; spiral sculpture may be weak in latest whorls. Sculpture of last whorl ranging from a few weak, smooth spiral ribs at base to granulose ribs from base to shoulder.Colour of last whorl yellow-brown to dark brown on both sides of a usually narrow white spiral central band; base light. Dark zones often with spiral rows of variably spaced white dots. Central band with tine. brown connected lines, outlining white spots to blotches. In some specimens, brown areas consisting of axial zigzag lines and broader spiral lines. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps white, with brown radial blotches and fine lines. Aperture translucent to white.Shell Morphometry L 18-32 mm RW 0.05-0.08 g/mm RD 0.58-0.68 PMD 0.82-0.95 RSH 0.18-0.32Discussion:-C. polongimarumai resembles C. chiangi most closely. The latter species differs in its lighter colour pattern, with a primarily tan or grey rather than brown last whorl, and its hollow marginal spines rather than tubercles on the shoulder.
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Conus polyglotta Weinkauff, 1874
Pictures:Picture Link: Cited Figure Thes Conch. Pl. 12, f. 248 Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Jahrb. Dtsch. Malak. Ges. I, p. 244Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Not KnownType Data: There is no known specimenNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus eburneus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Lithoconus Species:-eburneus polyglotta formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Philippines; C. PacificHabitat:-Shallow waterDescription:-Source Living Conidae C. eburneusMedium-sized to moderately large, moderately solid to heavy. Last whorl conical to broadly or ventricosely conical, occasionally conoid-cylindrical; outline convex to bulbous at subshoulder area and straight below; base truncate. Shoulder angulate to rounded. Spire low, outline concave to straight or sigmoid. Larval shell multispiral, maximum diameter about 0.7 mm. Teleoconch sutural ramps almost flat, with 2 narrow but deeply incised spiral grooves in early whorls and 2-5 grooves in later whorls; intervening ribs and subsutural ridge often pronounced, occasionally weak on last ramps. Last whorl with distinct to weak spiral ribs and ribbons on basal fourth to half.Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of variably spaced, reddish brown to black squarish spots, rectangular bars or comma-shaped streaks. 3 yellow, orange or tan bands may underly spiral rows, below shoulder and on both sides of centre. Typical form often with less densely spaced markings; occasionally, colour bands obsolete or covering large parts of last whorl. In form polyglotta, black bars or comma-like markings tend to fuse into solid narrow spiral bands and wavy axial streaks. Form crassus has red-brown markings and usually lacks spiral colour bands. Larval whorls white. Teleoconch sutural ramps with reddish brown or blackish brown spots, axial streaks or blotches; intensity of spire pattern matching that of last whorl pattern. Aperture white.C. e. polyglotta: Spots tend to fuse into long dashes or spiral bands in some or all rows;orange bands also fuse to give dark appearance; mainly Philippines.Discussion:-No Data
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Conus polygrammus Tomlin, 1937
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: Proc. Mal. Soc. Lond. xxii, part 4, p. 206Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Not known (C. multilineatus Sowerby,1875)Type Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued (C.multilineatus) Type Size :39 x 20.5 mm
Nomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. multilineatus Sowerby, 1875.Taxonomy: Synonym form of Conus furvus Reeve, 1843Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Calibanus Species:-furvus polygrammus formaSynonyms:- multilineatus Sowerby iii, 1875Geographic Range:-W. PacificHabitat:-Deep waterDescription:-Source Living Conidae C. furvus-C. polygrammus : essentially similar to form lignariusDiscussion:-No Data
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Conus pomareae Monnier & Limpalaër, 2014
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype Eric Monnier
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 5; P. 50-59, fig. 1, 2 unnumbered platesOcean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Moorea, Iles de La Société, French PolynesiaType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 24.72 x 9.12 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Leporiconus Species:-pomaraeSynonyms:- Geographic Range:- French Polynesia (Society Islands – Tuamotu)Habitat:-Intertidal zone, on the outer edge of the flat reefDescription:-Source Living ConidaeSmall to medium sized shell (19-47 mm). Adult shells have 11-12 whorls, are cigar-shaped and narrowly cylindrical, whereas subadults have a more narrowly conoid-cylindrical shape. The protoconch is pinkish, and appears to have more than 2.5 smooth whorls. The first 3 postlarval teleoconch whorls are tuberculate and light pink coloured, they havr pointed nodulus that become progressively white ant obsolete. The spire is moderate to high, the whorls are slightly overlapping with a strong suture. There are 3 to 5 weak spiral cords on the sutural ramp. The spire is sigmoid (concave in the first whorls and highly convex and domed on the last ones). The last whorl is covered from base to shoulder with numerous closely finely granulose spiral ridges; such ridges may be obsolete in the area below the shoulder, otherwise constant over the whole last whorl. The shoulder is rounded and almost indistinct. Aperture is straight, very narrow at its posterior end and widening toward the anterior part of the shell. The last whorl is reddish brown coloured, sometimes with axial
tinges of violet-pink. There are 2 interrupted spiral bands of irregular lacunae showing the pale purplish-pink background, the abapical one, situated below the middle of the last whorl being the most conspicuous one; the other band is situated at the adapical third of the last whorl. The interior of the lip is bordered with a deep violet band graduatelly fading to purplish-pink and white further inside the aperture. The anal noth is deep and V-shaped.Discussion: The shell is compared with Conus tenuistriatus, Conus glans, Conus granum and Conus coffeae.
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Conus pomponeti Petuch & Myers , 2014
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch & MyersPicture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 4, 37 - 39 with pic., pl. 4 G - JOcean geography: Western Atlantic Type Locality: off Ribeira, within Todos os Santos, Salvador, Bahia State, BrazilType Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued Type Size: 12 x 8 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAEGenus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-pomponetiSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:- Known only from the type localityendemicHabitat:- In muddy sand, 0,5 m depthDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell small for genus, stocky, fusiform; shoulder sharply angled, bodered by rounded, undulating carina; spire elevated, distinctly pyramidal; body whorl smooth and shiny, completely ornamented wiyh 12 – 14 evenly-spaced, deeply incised spiral sulci, with sulci becoming stronger and more deeply-incised toward anterior end, entire shell uniformly pale yellow-white; shoulder carina white; aperture proportionally wide, becoming wider at anterior end, colored pale yellowish-white within; spire whorls white or pale yellow-white; protoconch proportionally very large, bulbous, excerted and mamillate, composed of 2 rounded whorls, white in color.Discussion:
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Conus pongo Shikamai & Oishi, 1977
Pictures:Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Sci. Rep. Yokohama natn. Univ. sect. 2 (24), p.21, pl.4, figs 5a-b Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: East China SeaType Data: Holotype was in KPMY and currently assumed to be lost Type Size: 64 x 28.2 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus bullatus Linnaeus, 1758Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Textilia Species:-bullatus pongo formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-East China Sea (Indian Ocean?)Habitat:-Slightly subtidal to about 20 mDescription:- Aperture color reddish brown.
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Conus poormani Berry, 1968
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in SBMNH Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Leafl. Malacol. 1, no. 35, p. 156Ocean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: Off Moro Colorado, Sonora, Mexico; 24-26 fathomsType Data: Holotype in SBMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 45 x 21.9 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Dauciconus Species:-poormani Synonyms:- fenzani Petuch & Sargent, 2011Geographic Range:-Gulf of California - Gulf of PanamaHabitat:-OffshoreDescription:-Source WallsModerately heavy with a good gloss; low biconical,sides parallel then tapering to narrow base; basal ridges extending and weakening; shoulder broad,carinate, concave above; spire moderate, sharply pointed, sides concave/straight; spire whorls distinctly stepped, first 3 whorls nodulose, others carinate; tops whorl concave; body whorl white, with broad orange brown axial flammules to midbody; fully developed shells have reticulate appearance; spiral spots absent or poorly developed; base light; spire nad shoulder white with many curved axial lines of orange brown; early whorls pale
brown; aperture moderately narrow, widening; outer lip thin sharp; mouth white; columella narrow mostly internal, slightly oblique.Discussion:-No Data
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Conus poremskii Petuch & Myers , 2014
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MZSP Petuch & Myers
Published in: Xenophora Taxonomy 3, 35 with pic., pl. 3 D & EOcean geography: Western Atlantic Type Locality: off Corumbau, Bahia State, BrazilType Data: Holotype in MZSP deposited and catalogued Type Size: 16 x 7 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily: -CONILITHINAEGenus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-poremskiiSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:- from Guarapari, Espiritu Santo State (Coltro, 2011: 60) to central Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil.Habitat:- On coarse carbonate sand and rubble in 1 m depth, near reefDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell of average size for genus, proportionally broad, inflated, and stocky, wide across the shoulder; shoulder sharply angled, bordered with large, rounded carina; spire proportionally low, broadly pyramidal, with slightly canaliculate whorls; body whorl smooth and polished, with 10 deeply incised spiral sulci around anterior one-third; spire whorls smooth; body whorl base color deep blue-purple, overlaid with large amorphous dark brown patches arranged in 2 broad bands, one around posterior two-thirds and one around anterior end; blue-purple base color and brown patches, in turn, overlaid with 16-18 evenly-spaced rows of alternating dark brown and white dots and dashes; shoulder carina marked with 10-16 large dark brown spots; spire whorls with large, regularly-spaced slender dark brown flammules, some of which connect with spots on shoulder carina; early whorls pale tan; aperture proportionally wide, becoming wider toward anterior end; interior of aperture dark purple brown; protoconch proportionally large, rounded, mamillate, composed of 2 whorls; periostracum thin, smooth, transparent.Discussion:-
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Conus portobeloensis Petuch, 1990
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in USNM Alan Kohn
Published in: Nautilus. 104 (2), p. 68, f. 32 & 33 Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Portobelo, PanamaType Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 31 x 16 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Dauciconus Species:-portobeloensis Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-E. Panama, HondurasHabitat:-Trawled at depths of 30 mDescription:-Source: Original descriptionShell elongate, subpyriform, with low spire; earliest postnuclear whorls protracted, becoming flattened during ontogeny; shoulder sharply angled, edged with small but distinct carina that projects beyond shoulder margin; body whorl smooth and shiny, with 20 large, raised cords around the anterior quarter; spire whorls smooth; shell color white, marked with intermittent longitudinal flammules of pale orange-tan; longitudinal flammules, in turn, overlaid with scattered darker tan dots and dashes; anterior end of body whorl pale yellow-orange; spire white, with scattered amorphous f1ammules of dark orange-tan; midbody marked with clear white band; interior of aperture white; protoconch and early whorls dark orange; periostracum thin, tan, silky in texture.Discussion:-Discussion: At first glance, Conus portobeloensis appears to be related to the C. garciai-ernesti-cingulatus species complex, particularly in color pattern. Based upon the presence of a shoulder carina and a subpyriform body form, however, C. portobeloensis appears to be more closely related to C. commodus A. Adams, 1854 (reillustrated by Petuch, 1987: plate 10, figures 18. 19) from off Roatan Island. Honduras, and may be the Panamanian analogue. Conus portobeloensis differs from the Honduran species in being a larger, more elongated shell and in having a color pattern of orange-tan flammules and dots. The new Panamian species is also similar to C. paraguana Petuch, 1987 from the Gulf of Venezuela, as both species have an orangish dashed color pattern and both have a clear white midbody band. Conus portobeloensis differs from C. paraguana, however, in being a much larger, broader species with a wider and more sharply angled shoulder.Tucker comments: It is probably better known as G.paschalli but there is really no difference between the type specimens of G. paschalli and that of G. portobeloensis.
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Conus poulosi Petuch, 1993
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in CMNH Alan Kohn
Published in: La Conchiglia xxiv, no. 265, p. 11, f. 12 & 13Ocean geography:West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Off Cabo La Vela, Goajira Peninsula, Colombia; 35 m.Type Data: Holotype in CMNH deposited and catalogued Type Size: 36 x 18 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Dauciconus Species:-poulosi Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-ColombiaHabitat:-Found at depths around 30 metersDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell very elongated, slender, swollen at shoulder, tapering toward anterior end; sides of body whorl below shoulder distinctly concave, producing midline constriction; shoulder angled, slightly rounded at periphery; spire flattened, with early whorls protracted; body whorl polished, sculptured with numerous very fine, weak spiral threads, producing silky texture; anterior end encircled with 12 large spiral cords; anterior half of body whorl with 5 widely-spaced, stronger threads that stand above finer spiral threads; aperture narrow, constricted in middle, wider at anterior and posterior ends; body whorl color orange with paler orange longitudinal streaks; edge of rounded shoulder angle periphery marked with scattered large white patches; anterior tip of shell paler orange; spire white with scattered brown flammules on early whorls, becoming solid orange with few scattered white patches on penultimate and body whorls; protoconch and earliest whorls light brown; interior of aperture pale orange-white; periostracum unknown.Discussion:-Note Tucker suggests that it may be synonym of C. sanderi.On the northern South American cones, Conus poulosi most closely resembles Conus honkeri Petuch, 1988. Although both shells are elongated and slender, the new species has a concave profile with a distinct midline constriction, while C. honkeri is slightly convex in profile and lacks the midline constriction. The spire of C. honkeri is higher than that of C. poulosi and its whorls are distinctly canaliculate. The spire whorls of C. poulosi are flattened and are non-canaliculate. The new species also resembles the widespread C. attenuatus Reeve, 1844, but differs in being a larger shell, in having the swollen, projecting shoulder periphery, and in having the conspicuous midlineconstriction. In this last character, C. poulosi somewhat resembles a small, smooth version of the Indo-Pacific C. emaciatus Reeve, 1849. The new species is the only western Atlantic known to have such a pronounced midbody constriction.
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Conus praecellens A. Adams, 1854
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NHMUK Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. 1854, p. 119Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: China SeasType Data: Holotype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size: 35 x 15 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Kurodaconus Species:-praecellens Synonyms:- subaequalis Sowerby iii, 1870Geographic Range:-Japan to Philippines and Melanesia (Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, New Caledonia, Vanuatu); Madagascar, Reunion, Somalia, India and W. Thailand; W. Australia; probably also in IndonesiaHabitat:-In 10-250 m. In Papua New Guinea, a coarsely sculptured typical form on muddy bottom in about 12 m or at depths of 30-40 m.Description:-Source Living ConidaeModerately small to moderately large, moderately light to moderately solid; relative weight may vary by 40%. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical or pyriform, sometimes to broadly and ventricosely conical; outline convex adapically, slightly convex to concave below. Shoulder carinate, with a moderately deep to deep exhalent notch. Spire high, stepped; outline straight to concave. Larval shell of about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.6-0.8 mm. First 4-5 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate; late whorls carinate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave, with 0-1 increasing to 5-12 spiral grooves. Last whorl with punctate or axially striate spiral grooves of equal or variable width separated by strong to weak ribbons.Ground colour white or pale brown. Last whorl with spiral rows of yellowish to dark brown dots and bars on ribbons, and fusing into 3 spiral bands, below shoulder and on both sides of centre. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps with sparse to many brown radial markings. Aperture white.Shell Morphometry L 33-63 mm RW 0.06-0.25 g/mm (L 34-54 mm) RD 0.54-0.75 PMD 0.82-0.92 RSH 0.24-0.38Discussion:-C. praecellens is larger (to 63 mm) than C. acutangulus and differs in the absence of tubercles on its late postnuclear whorls, the greater number of spiral grooves on its late sutural ramps, and in the lower number of whorls of its larval shell (about 2.5 whorls c 3 to 4). C. praecellens varies very widely in relative diameter of the last whorl, but the variation is continuous and is not correlated with other character differences. Shells from deep water may have a slender and weakly sculptured last whorl, maculated with light brown. The type specimen of C. sowerbii is a typical specimen of C. praecellens. The taxonomic status of C. bicolor / C. sinensis remains disputable, because the type specimen is lost and the type figure does not match C. praecellens in a
satisfying way. RKK favour synonymy with C. praecellens, because such pyriform specimens occur within the populations of the latter species; moreover, axial flecks are also observed in typical C. praecellens . C. s. var. subaequalis refers to a small individual of C. praecellens. Cernohorsky (1965) documented C. praecellens as the earliest available name for this species. Morphologically very similar specimens that differ in a multispiral larval shell (about 3 whorls) are only provisionally attached to this species.See C. andremenezi, C. rizali, C. miniexcelsus descriptions of 2010.
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Conus praelatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures: Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 746, no. 140, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 345, fig. 4 & 5)Type Locality: East IndiesType Data: Lectotype in MHNG Type Size: 47 x 24 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A form of Conus pennaceus regarded by Monnier et al., 2018, Xenophora Taxonomy as a valid speciesFamily:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Darioconus Species:- praelatusSynonyms:- tsara Niederhöfer en Blöcher, 2000Geographic Range:- MozambiqueHabitat: Description: A colour form from the SW Indian Ocean with blotches and fine lined tents; black or orange with bluish tents; last whorl elongated ventricosely conical.
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Conus pretiosus Nevill & Nevill, 1874
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in ZSIC Mike Filmer ZSIC
Published in: J. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 43, pt. 2, no. 1, p. 22Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: AndamansType Data: Holotype in ZSIC deposited and catalogued Type Size: 60 x 25 mmNomenclature: a senior synonym of C. phuketensis da Motta, 1978, C. pretiosus should be forgotten (nomen oblitum) and C. phuketensis should take precedence (nomen protectum).Taxonomy: Suppressed senior synonym
Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name pretiosus
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Conus primus Röckel & Korn, 1990
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in SMNS Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paratype
Published in: Acta Conchyliorum Nr. 2, p. 45, pl. 10, row 1, f. 1-5, p. 47, f. 1 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Banka Saya de Malha, Mascarene RidgeType Data: Holotype in SMNS deposited and catalogued Type Size: 85.2 x 27.3 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-primaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Banka Saya de Malha, Indian OceanHabitat:-Found at depths of 80-100 mDescription:-Source Living ConidaeModerately large to large, moderately solid to solid. Last whorl narrowly conoid-cylindrical; outline somewhat convex adapically, straight (right side) or slightly concave (left side) below. Aperture somewhat wider at base than near shoulder; depth of exhalent notch about 1/4 of maximum diameter. Shoulder angulate. Spire of moderate height to high, outline straight to slightly concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.9 mm. First 7-8 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 2 increasing to 5 spiral grooves; last ramp may bear 4 grooves and a few spiral striae. Last whorl with spiral ribs from base to shoulder, restricted to basal third and weak in large specimens.Ground colour white. Last whorl overlaid with light brown to orange leaving 4 spiral rows of white tents and blotches to almost solid white bands, just below shoulder and centre and within adapical as well as basal third. Intervening spiral colour bands may contain scattered white tents. Spiral rows of brown dots and dashes extending from base to shoulder, containing intermittent bright white dashes within the ground-colour zones. In a colour pattern variant from the type locality, last whorl light brown except for sparse white markings centrally, with wavy axial lines at centre and within adapical third. Larval whorls white. Postnuclear sutural ramps matching last whorl in colour pattern. Aperture white, or pale pink deep within.Shell Morphometry L 60-103 mm RW -0.26 g/mm (L 85 mm)
RD 0.39-0.43 PMD 0.76-0.81 RSH 0.18-0.25Discussion:-C. primus cannot be confused with any of its Indo-Pacific congeners. C. milneedwardsi may be superficially similar but is distinguished by its broader and more conical last whorl (RD 0.42-0.54; PMD 0.86-0.94), generally higher spire (RSH 0.20-0.36), relatively deeper exhalent notch, and by its colour pattern including prominently reticulated lines but lacking dotted to dashed spiral lines.
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Conus princeps Linnaeus, 1758
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in ZIUU Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenPicture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Systema Naturae 10th ed., 1, p. 713. Ocean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: NoneType Data: Holotype in ZIUU deposited and catalogued Type Size: 51 x 30 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps Synonyms:- regius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; lineolatus Valenciennes, 1832; regus Küster, 1837; apogrammatus Dall, 1910; Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W Mexico - Peru; GalapagosHabitat:-Shallow waterDescription:-Source WallsModerately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations, broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave above; body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad irregular axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish lines; early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull pink to orange often milky white within; columella short narrow;C. p. lineolatus covered with fine axial black hairlines closely following axial growth lines;C. p. aprogrammatus lacks markings.Discussion:-No Data
Conus princeps apogrammatus Dall, 1910
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in USMN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Proc. U.S. natn. Mus. 38 (1741), p. 224, not figuredOcean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: Panama, (West coast)Type Data: Holotype in USNM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 35.5 x 22 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A form of Conus princepsCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps f. apogrammatusSynonyms:Geographic Range:- West coast of PanamaHabitat:-Shallow waterDescription:-Source WallsModerately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations, broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave above;body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad irregular axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish lines; early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull pink to orange often milky white within; columella short narrow;C. p. aprogrammatus lacks markings.Discussion:-No Data
Conus princeps lineolatus Valenciennes, 1832
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in ZIUU Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Humboldt & Bonpland, Voyage dans l' intérieur de l' Amerique dans les Années 1799 – 1802 Recueil d'Obeservations de Zoologie et Anatomie comparee, pt. 2, book 14: p. 336, not figuredOcean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: Acapulco, Mexico, (West coast)Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 62.5 x 36 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A form of Conus princeps
Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Ductoconus Species:-princeps f. lineolatusSynonyms:- Geographic Range West PanamaHabitat:-Shallow waterDescription:-Source WallsModerately to very heavy, often cumbersome, with a low gloss; obconical, the sides nearly straight; basal ridges and axial threads; shoulder roundly angled, with heavy but low coronations, broad; spire low/flat, the early whorls erode; whorls heavily coronated, slightly concave above; body whorl deep pink to bright orange, rarely yellowish, with/ without narrow/broad irregular axial flammules/threads of black/dark brown;spire color as body with curved blackish lines; early whorls eroded white; aperture narrow, uniform; outer lip sharp, straight; mouth dull pink to orange often milky white within; columella short narrow;C. p. lineolatus covered with fine axial black hairlines closely following axial growth linesDiscussion:-No Data
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Conus priscai Bozzetti, 2012
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in Bozzetti collection
Published in: Malacologia 77, p. 22, figsOcean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Saint Luce, 20 km North of Tolagnaro, South Eastern MadagascarType Data: Holotype in Bozetti CollectionType Size: 59,73 x 28,89 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A synonym of archiepicopus Hwass, 1792Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Cylinder Species:-priscaiSynonyms:- Geographic Range:-S.E. Madagascar; only known from the type localityHabitat:- Description:-Original descrtiptionVentricosely conical, shoulder subangulate, body whorl convex on right side, very slightly concave at the base and convex above left side. Body whorls covered by thick and thin axial growth lines and spiral striae, the spirals becoming stronger in the basal area. Body whorl with a white background color, several spiral bands variable in width of light brown color and lattice pattern, the first one on the shoulder, the remaining ones on the walls surface. Other teleoconch whorls with a white background covered by axial flammulae, dark brown on the first whorls becoming lighter after; apex
light brown, inside of the aperture yellowish.Discussion:- The author compares the species with C. biancae and C. textile.
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Conus profundorum Kuroda, 1956
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in THTA Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Venus vol. xix, no. 1, p. 5, text f. 8 & 9Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Off Tosa, Japan; 100+ fathomsType Data: Holotype in THTA deposited and catalogued Type Size: 83 x 28 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Profundiconus Species:-profundorum Synonyms:- soyomaruae Okutani, 1964Geographic Range:-Japan, Philippines, New Caledonian area; possibly also S. E. PacificHabitat:-Found at depths of 150-500 m.Description:-Source Living ConidaeModerately large to large, solid. Last whorl conical, ventricosely conical or slightly pyriform; outline convex adapically, straight to concave below. Shoulder rounded, occasionally indistinct. Spire of moderate height to high, outline nearly straight or slightly sigmoid, occasionally slightly concave. Larval shell of 3 or more whorls, maximum diameter 1-1.1 mm. First 4-7 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, slightly concave or sigmoid in later whorls, with a spiral striation. Last whorl with fine spiral ribs at base.Ground colour creamy-white to cream. Last whorl with a broad adapical violet-brown or brown spiral band and often one or several similarly coloured bands of varying widths below; bands sometimes irregularly interrupted. Apex white. Later sutural ramps variably maculated or overlaid with brown to violet-brown. Aperture light to pinkish brown.Shell Morphometry L 52-114 mm RW 0.15-0.33 g/mm (L 52-81 mm) RD 0.54-0.63 PMD 0.78-0.87 RSH 0.16-0.28Discussion:-C. profundorum is similar to C. smirna, which differs in its shoulder having a prominent edge, its flat late sutural ramps, and in the simple pattern of its last whorl with 2 pale spiral bands on
the white ground. Shells of C. smirna from New Caledonia and shells of C. profundorum from New Caledonia can be distinguished by their shape (RD 0.49-0.53 vs. 0.62-0.63), relative spire height (RSH 0.21-0.28 vs. 0.16-0.17), and colour pattern. C. lani is a smaller species (to 54 mm) with a narrower, more conical last whorl (RD 0.50-0.55; PMD 0.84-0.89) with straighter outline, flat late sutural ramps and aplain brown colouration with white spots. C. soyomaruae was assigned to C. smirna by Richard (1990), although the latter species has a less ventricose and distinctly narrower last whorl (RD of holotypes: 0.51 vs. 0.56). We consider C. soyomaruae a colour form of C. profundorum with a more prominent, darker brown banding, because all its other conchological characters fall within the range of variation of the latter species
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Conus prometheus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 331, fig. 5)
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 667Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: AfricaType Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 331, fig. 5)Nomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus pulcher [Lightfoot], 1786Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name prometheus
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Conus propenudus Melvill, 1900
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NMWC Mike Filmer
Published in: J. Conchol. ix, no. 10, p. 310Ocean geography:Indo-PacificType Locality: Khor Fakkau, OmanType Data: Holotype in NMWC deposited and catalogued Type Size: 88 x 40 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus aulicus Linnaeus, 1758Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Darioconus Species:-aulicus propenudus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Oman
Habitat:-In 1-30 m; on reef flats and coral reefs near dead and living corals, sand substrates or sometimes coral rubbleDescription:-Source Living ConidaeModerately large to large, moderately solid to moderately heavy. Form gracianus, moderately small to moderately large, moderately solid. Last whorl narrowly cylindrical to narrowly ovate, sometimes cylindrical to ovate; outline straight and parallel-sided to slightly convex; left side concave and right side straight at basal fourth. Aperture wider at base than near shoulder. Shoulder subangulate to rounded. Spire usually of moderate height, outline straight to slightly concave. Larval shell of 2.5-3 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.8 mm. First 2-5 postnuclear whorls tuberculate, sometimes weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps slightly concave to slightly convex, with 1 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves in early whorls; late ramps with numerous spiral striae. Last whorl with fine, closely spaced spiral ribs on basal fourth to third and spiral threads above.Ground colour white, often variably suffused with pink. Last whorl overlaid with reddish to blackish brown, leaving small to moderately large ground-colour tents and blotches. Brown areas interspersed with darker brown to black spiral lines often articulated with ground-colour dots. Predominantly brown shells intergrade with predominantly white shells. Form aurantia with an orange-brown pattern. Larval whorls and first 3-5 postnuclear sutural ramps immaculate white. Late ramps with radial streaks and blotches matching last whorl pattern in colour. Aperture cream to yellow or orange, white in subadults.Shell Morphometry L 65-163 mm RD 0.40-0.51 PMD 0.63-0.75 RSH 0.11-0.17 C. a. propenudus refers to a colour pattern form with reduced brown network pattern.Discussion:-No Data
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Conus proteus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:.Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 334, fig. 1)
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 682Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Indian Ocean [erroneous]. Var. B Santo Domingo & Guadeloupe.Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 334, fig. 1)Nomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus spurius Gmelin, 1791Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name proteus
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Conus proximus Sowerby ii, 1859
Pictures:.Picture Link: Syntype in NHMUK Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. p. 429, pl. 49, f. 1Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Not knownType Data: Syntype in NHMUK deposited and catalogued Type Size: 31 x 15 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Textilia Species:-proximus Synonyms:- pulcher A. Adams, 1854Geographic Range:-Philippines to Vanuatu and FijiHabitat:-Found in sand below reefs at 50-90 m.Description:-Source Living ConidaeModerately small to medium-sized, conical to conoid- cylindrical; outline slightly convex, columella slightly deflected to left at siphonal fasciole. Shoulder angulate to subangulate, with about 12-17 tubercles. Spire of low to moderate height, outline concave. Larval shell with about 2 whorls, maximum diameter 0.8-0.9 mm. Postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat with 0 increasing to 3-4 spiral grooves, sometimes with a few additional striae. Last whorl with widely to closely spaced, often granulose spiral ribs or ribbons either extending from base to shoulder or restricted to basal part; grooves between punctate or axially striate.Ground colour white to light brown. Last whorl heavily clouded with yellowish to orangish brown; colour marking irregularly arranged or forming indistinct spiral bands on both sides of centre. Spiral rows of brown or orange dots and dashes extending from base to shoulder, varying from numerous to absent. Postnuclear sutural ramps with radial streaks matching last whorl pattern in colour, often as pronounced spots between tubercles. Aperture white to pale blue or violet.Shell Morphometry L 25-45 mm RW 0.10-0.24 g/mm RD 0.53-0.63 PMD 0.82-0.92 RSH 0.08-0.21Discussion:-C. moluccensis is very similar in shell characters and in the colouration of the animal. It differs from C. proximus mainly in its multispiral (3.5 or more vs. 2 whorls) larval shell and in its larger size (to 60 mm). In Philippines, typical form occurs sympatrically with heavily sculptured shells (form cebuensis) and shells with rather smooth last whorl. These forms intergrade in shell morphology and shell pattern.
Conus proximus cebuensis Sowerby ii, 1859
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in IRSN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Gloria Maris 29 (2), p. 25, figs 4 - 6Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Punta Engano, Mactan Is, Cebu, PhilippinesType Data: Syntype in IRSN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 37.1 x 19.2 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A subspecies of Conus proximus, according to Filmer a formCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Textilia Species:-proximus cebuensisSynonyms:- Geographic Range:-Philippines Habitat:- Shallow to deeper water, 2 - 40 mDescription:- Gloria Maris: Shell solid, slightly glossy of medium size, average 35-40 mm. Spire medium to low, nearly straight and a little concave near the apex, which is acute. The 9 whorls have two spiral cords and are weakly coronated. Sides of the bodywhorl are convex just below the shoulder, the middle part is straight and slightly compressed above the base. Bodywhorl ornamented with numerous elevated spiral cords, smooth intersticed. The surface is cream to light pinkish in fresh specimens. Spiral cords interrupted brown to blackish brown, some irregular white spots. Inside aperture is blue-white.Discussion:- Less slender than the nominate, more stout and convex beneath the shoulder; spire weakly coronated instead of strong pronounced. Less spiral cords.
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Conus pseudaurantius Vink & von Cosel, 1985
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Rev. Suisse. Zool. 92, p. 544, pl. 4, figs. 8-12, pl. 6. figs. 1 Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Union Isle, Lesser AntillesType Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 34.5 x 17.4 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid species
Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Protoonus Species:-pseudaurantius Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Known only from Grenada and the islands of the Grenadines with records from Carriacou, Union Isle and Mustique.Habitat:-Found on sand or coral rubble in shallow water at depths of 3 to 5 m.Description:-Source VinkA slender shell, 30 to 40 mm, with short to moderately elevated rather straight-sided spire with coronated spire whorls. Body whorl slightly convex, shoulder of body whorl tuberculated with numerous knobs, becoming obsolete on the last half of the body whorl in fully adult specimens. Surface with weak spiral rows of granules, mainly at the anterior half of the body whorl. Aperture broadening anteriorly producing a rounded base, no 'internal restriction' within the aperture. Animal bright red, operculum tiny but longish, about 1/5 of aperture height. Colour pattern consisting of two irregular orange brown, red brown or black spiral bands of irregular isolated or interconnected patches on purplish white or yellowish white background. In addition numerous spiral lines of dark brown dots in the light areas and very small close-set white dots in the dark areas.Discussion:-C. pseudaurantius could be confused with C. aurantius (which is larger with larger and more pronounced shoulder knobs, a more narrow base and spiral rows of small dots on the body whorl which are more dense and with more numerous dots).
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Conus pseudimperialis Moolenbeek, Zandbergen, Bouchet, 2008
Pictures:.Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer Picture Link: Bill FenzanPicture Link: Bill Fenzan/ Paul Kersten
Published in: Vita Malacologica 6, 31 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Nuku Hiva, MarquesasType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 37.4 x 32.4 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Rhombiconus Species:-pseudimperialis Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-MarquesasHabitat:-Found at depths of 35-50 m.Description:-Source original descriptionHeight 37.4 mm, width 20.8 mm, aperture height 32.4 mm. Shell medium- sized, solid to heavy. Last
whorl broadly conical. Spire low to moderate height, outline straight to slightly concave. Protoconch partly broken. First pnw, slightly stepped but a bit eroded. First pnw with nodules and spire whorls with two fine spiral grooves which gradually disappear. Later whorls with irregular axial growth threads and nodules on the edge of the whorls. Body whorls straight, only the upper part slightly convex. On the edge of the shoulder of the body whorl 14 nodules. The lower part of the body whorl has numerous, hardly visible fine spiral grooving. Colour pc white. Ground colour body whorl greyish white with numerous spiral colour bands. These bands consists of very fine brown spots, or bands with white and dark chocolate-brown spots. Some dark brown blotches irregularly disposed. especially on the ventral side. Base dark brown. Aperture white except the base which is chocolate brown.Discussion:-
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Conus pseudocardinalis Coltro, 2004
Pictures:.Picture Link: Holotype in MZUSP Bill Fenzan Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Strombus 11, p. 7Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: 125 km NE Abrolhos Arch., off Alcobaca, Bahia State, Brazil (15deg 50' S, 37deg 57' W)Type Data: Holotype in MZUSP deposited and catalogued Type Size: 15 x 7.3 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Purpuriconus Species:-pseudocardinalis Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-BrasilHabitat:-Lives on rubble and coral sand bottom at 20-35 meters on offshore reefs.Description:-Source: original descriptionLength: 14 to 24 mm, concave-sided, variable spire from almost flat (1/8 of size) to medium high {1/5 of size). Spire irregular, almost smooth with a low deep suture between the whorls. Shoulder of the body whorl irregular to smooth. Body whorl slightly cylindrical covered by 15-18 widely spaced weak spiral ridges. Apex pink, nucleus with 1 1/2 to 2 whorls. Spire with 5 up 7 whorls, with medium deep suture. Color body variable from dark green to red- brown, with a central irregular white and brown band. Top with white and brown irregular marks covering up to shoulder border. Deep purple aperture, colored inner margin.Discussion:-Similar to C. cardinalis Hwass, 1792, C. pseudocardinalis is more slender and has no nodules on the shoulder or in the body spiral ridges. Regarding C. pseudocardinalis, it is quite impossible to consider this species as a form of the Caribbean C. cardinalis. The geographic
distributions of the two populations are largely disjunct, the differences cited above are consistent, and no intermediate specimens have been found. The species lives in an offshore reef.
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Conus pseudocedonulli Blainville, 1818
Pictures:Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Dict. Sci. Nat. 10, p. 247Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: NoneType Data: There is no known specimenNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus ammiralis Linnaeus, 1758; RKK regards it as a subspecies; Monnier et al., 2018 tentatively regard it as validCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Leptoconus Species:-ammiralis pseudocedonulli formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Mozambique to Kenya and Seychelles, West ThailandHabitat:-C. a. pseudocedonulli slightly subtidal to about 50 m, from fine to coarse sand and muddy sand.Description:-Source Living Conidae C. ammiralisMedium-sized to large, moderately solid to heavy; relative weight of similarly sized specimens may vary by 50%. Last whorl conical to ventricosely conical; outline variably convex at adapical fourth and almost straight below, sometimes slightly concave centrally. Shoulder angulate, smooth in C. a. ammiralis, except weakly tuberculate in specimens with granulose ribs on last whorl (form architalassus); shoulder prominently tuberculate in C. a. pseudocedonulli. Spire of low to moderate height, outline straight to concave. Maximum diameter of larval shell about 0.9 mm. About first 4 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate (C. a. ammiralis) or all whorls tuberculate (C. a. pseudocedonulli). Teleoconch sutural ramps flat to slightly concave, with 1 increasing to 4-6 fine spiral grooves, replaced by many spiral striae in last 3 whorls. Last whorl usually with closely spaced weak to obsolete spiral ribs near base; some populations of C. a. ammiralis (e.g. Moluccas; Solomon Is.) include granulose specimens (form architalassus).Ground colour white. Last whorl with 2-6 variably broad pale orange to dark brown spiral bands, containing dark spiral as well as axial lines and interrupted by small to large white tents that may fuse to some extent. Below shoulder, at base and between colour bands, fine yellow to tan lines form a delicate network with fewer large white tents. Pattern occurs in varied designs. Larval whorls pink. Early postnuclear sutural ramps usually eroded, grading from pink to white, sometimes with brown dots at outer margins. Late ramps with light to dark brown radial blotches containing darker radial lines. Aperture white, occasionally orange-brown deep within.Blainville descriptionC. pseudocedonulli has neither a double regular band medially nor with pattern of two adapical and
two abapical spiral narrow bands. Only with brown or reddish spiral lines, articulated with white dots, and with irregular white blotches of varable size, rarely edged with brown; ground colour cinnamon, orange,light brown or reddish black.Discussion:-C. pseudocedonulli is best considered a geographic subspecies of C. ammiralis, occurring throughout the Indian Ocean as far east as W. Thailand.
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Conus pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in NMSF Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Cone Shells form Cape Verde Is. p. 117, f. 96-99Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Serra Negra & Parda Bays, Sal Is.,Cape Verde Is., 0. 5-4 m.Type Data: Holotype in NMSF deposited and catalogued Type Size: 30.1 x 17.8 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A synonym of cuneolus Reeve, 1843; see DiscussionCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Africonus Species:-pseudocuneolus Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Cape Verde Islands (Sal Island, Baia Parda and Serra Negra).Habitat:-Found at depths of 1-4 metresDescription:-Source Original descriptionA moderately large shell very variable. Most specimens have a very dark aspect, with a light band at about mid-body crossed by many dark brown axial wavy lines, the rest of the body whorl being covered by a dark brown layer, the axial lines occasionally showing through. Some specimens, however, are much lighter coloured, eventually honey-coloured, but always presenting the kind of pattern just described. A second light band often occurs near the shoulder.The spire is moderately low, slightly concave-sided, and the spire whorls are spirally striated. The body whorl is smooth, except for some spiral grooves near the anterior end.The aperture is purplish blue to purplish white, the edge of the thin straight lip presenting, by transparency, the external coloration.Discussion:-C. pseudocuneolus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980 may resemble some forms of C. cuneolus Reeve, 1843, but is generally larger, with a more or less constant and distinct pattern. No intergrades have been found between C. pseudocuneolus and C. cuneolus, the latter not occurring at the same locations as the former.
Abalde et al. BMC Evolutionary Biology (2017) 17:231
Phylogenetic relationships of cone shells endemic to Cabo Verde based on mitochondrial genomes
New species proposed: Africonus cuneolus Reeve, 1843
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Conus pseudoecho Bozetti, 2013
Pictures: Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Paris Luigi Bozzetti Published in: Malacologia 78, p. 9 -10, figs.Type Locality: West PacificType Data: Holotype in MNHN Paris Type Size: 60.74 x 31 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pennaceus Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Darioconus Species:-pennaceus pseudoecho subsp.Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:- Lavanono, Southern MadagascarHabitat: Found crabbedDescription: Profile conical, shoulder angulate, body whorly slightly convex; back ground reddish brown with numerous tent-shaped spots irregularly spread over the whole surface; surface of the body whorl covered by evenly distributed brown spiral lines.
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Conus pseudokimioi da Motta & Martin, 1982
Pictures:.Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Carf. Phil. Shell News 4 (3), p. 9, fig. 4Ocean geography :Indo-PacificType Locality: Mindanao Sea off Siguijor Is., Philippines; ca. 100 fathoms.Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 20 x 11 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-pseudokimioi Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Philippines
Habitat:-Found at depths of 120-240 m.Description:-Source Living ConidaeSmall and light. Last whorl conical to slightly pyriform; outline straight to convex adapically, straight to concave below. Shoulder angulate. Spire low, outline concave. Larval shell of about 3 whorls, maximum diameter about 1 mm. First 1-3 postnuclear whorls tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps flat, with 1-3 increasing to 4-7 spiral grooves. Last whorl with fine, variably spaced spiral ribs at base and about 6 fine spiral grooves below shoulder.Ground colour light greyish violet. Last whorl encircled with about 20 fine brown spiral lines and with light brown axial streaks and rectangular blotches forming an interrupted spiral band at centre. Larval whorls grey. Postnuclear sutural ramps with evenly spaced brown radial blotches extending over shoulder, darker at their outer margins or reduced to marginal dots in early whorls. Aperture violet.Shell Morphometry L 16-23 mm RW - (< 0.06 g/mm) RD 0.52-0.61 PMD 0.85-0.91 RSH 0.10-0.14 C. kimioi has narrow last whorl, with brick wall pattern and is concave adapically and has carinate shoulder.C. spirofilis has broader last whorl, slightly higher spire, on no spiral grooves on sutural ramps.its last whorl may have ribs rather than grooves below shoulderDiscussion:-C. pseudokimioi was described as a subspecies of C. kimioi. RKK provisionally favour the status of a separate species for C. pseudokimioi, because C. kimioi differs in its narrower last whorl (RD 0.46-0.54) with a regular brick wall pattern and a concave rather than convex outline adapically; its shoulder is carinate rather than angulate and its larval shell slightly darker, slightly narrower and of slightly more whorls than that of C. pseudokimioi. C. spirofilis. can be distinguished by its broader last whorl (RD 0.63-0.75). generally higher spire (RSH 0.14-0.22), and the absence of spiral grooves on its sutural ramps; its last whorl may have spiral ribs rather than fine spiral grooves below the shoulder.
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Conus pseudomarmoreus Crosse, 1875
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Mike Filmer Published in: J. Conchyl. xxiii, p. 223, pl. ix, f. 4Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Not knownType Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 50.5 x 20.9 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym colour form of Conus marmoreus Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Conus Species:-marmoreus pseudomarmoreus formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-New CaledoniaHabitat:-In 1-15 m. On coral reef platforms and lagoon pinnacles, on coral debris and in sand often under rocks or among weed.Description:-Source Living Conidae C. marmoreus.Form pseudomarmoreus is characterized by an almost smooth shoulder. Shells with a typically arranged reddish to brownish orange pattern are known from the Isle of Pines (New Caledonia).Discussion:-No Data
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Conus pseudonivifer Monteiro, Tenorio & Poppe, 2004
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNCM Manolo Tenorio Picture Link: Paul KerstenPicture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Iconography West African and Mediterranean Cones, p. 66Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Baia das Gatas, Boavista I., Cape Verde Is.Type Data: Holotype in MNCM deposited and catalogued Type Size: 47 x 30 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Trovaoconus Species:-pseudonivifer Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Boavista, Cape VerdeHabitat:-No DataDescription:-Source Original descriptionShell moderately large (normal length: 30 to 50 mm), with straight profile and a short, convex spire, with well-marked suture. The shell has a bluish white background with a distinctive pattern of spiral interrupted thick lines in shades of deep purple or dark brown. The spire is bluish white with dark brown blotches. The aperture and columella are purple.Discussion:-C. pseudonivifer sp. nov. can be separated from C. trochulus Reeve, 1844 because the latter has a more slender shell. It can also be separated from C. venulatus Hwass, 1792, which has a white or light bluish ground color on the last whorl and spire, slightly convex profile, slightly concave spire and whitish aperture.
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Conus pseudoracemosus Bozzetti, 2012 A nomen nudum; only listed for reference
Published in: Malacologia 74, 7 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Not KnownType Data: There is no known specimenNomenclature: A nomen nudum:- an unavailable name (nomen nudum), described as form post 1960Taxonomy: Not applicableCurrent Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name pseudoracemosus
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Conus pseudorbignyi Röckel & Lan, 1981
Pictures:.Picture Link: Holotype in TMGS Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Bull. Malac. R. O. C. 8, p. 15, f. 1-3, 6 & 9Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Trawled southwest of Taiwan or south in Taiwan Strait; 200-400 m.Type Data: Holotype in TMGS deposited and catalogued Type Size : 44.9 x 16 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Bathyconus Species:-pseudorbignyi Synonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Taiwan - IndonesiaHabitat:-Found at depths of 100-400m in mudDescription:-Source Living ConidaeModerately small (shells from Philippines and Sulawesi) to medium-sized (shells from Taiwan), light to moderately light. Last whorl narrowly conical or narrowly conoid-cylindrical to slightly pyriform; outline slightly convex at adapical two-thirds, straight to concave below. Aperture very narrow. Siphonal canal often deflected to the dorsal side. Shoulder angulate to carinate, almost smooth to weakly tuberculate. Spire of moderate height to high, stepped; outline nearly straight to slightly sigmoid. Larval shell of 3.5-4 whorls, maximum diameter 0.9-1 mm. First 8-9 postnuclear whorls weakly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with radial threads and 1 increasing to 5-8 spiral grooves. Entire last whorl with axially striate spiral grooves separating ribs basally and ribbons adapically; 1-3 fine spiral ribs replace ribbons just below shoulder.
Ground colour beige, variably tinged with light brown. Last whorl of shells from Taiwan usually with brown dots on spiral ribbons; dots not clustered into spiral bands but often arranged in axial streaks or lines. Larval shell light brown, with a brown sutural line. Postnuclear sutural ramps sparsely maculated with brown radial markings and with brown dots along outer margin. Aperture white to light brown.Shell Morphometry L 32-55 mm RW 0.05-0.10 g/mm RD 0.41-0.47 PMD 0.80-0.91 RSH 0.20-0.28Discussion:-C. pseudorbignyi is similar to the co-occurring C. orbignyi orbignyi. Shells of the latter species attain larger size (85 mm), are strongly tuberculate, and have a colour pattern of spiral bands on the last whorl, while the colour pattern of C. pseudorbignyi includes only less prominent separate brown dots
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Conus pseudoventricosus Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1980
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in Tursch collection Mike Filmer
Published in: Cone Shells form Cape Verde Is. p. 83, f. 54Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Francisca Beach.,Sao Luzia Is., Cape Verde Is.Type Data: Holotype was in Tursch collection and currently assumed to be lost Type Size: 30.5 x 16 mmNomenclature: A homonym:- an available name, an invalid name, a homonym of C. pseudoventricosa Sacco, 1893 (fossil), renamed C. luziensis Röckel, Rolán & Monteiro, 1983.Taxonomy: RenamedCurrent Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name pseudoventricosus
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Conus puillandrei Tenorio & Castelin, 2016
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MNHN Manuel Tenorio
Published in: European Journal of Taxonomy; p. 29 – 35; fig. 12 A-JOcean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Banc Jumeau-est, Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia
Type Data: Holotype in MNHN deposited and catalogued Type Size: 43.2 x 18.0 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONOLITHINAEGenus:-Profundiconus Species:-puillandreiSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:- Norfolk Ridge, New Caledonia; Loyalty Reef, off Curtis Isl., Kermadec Ridge, New Zealand and probably The PhilippinesHabitat:-Found at depths of 1030 – 1180 mDescription:-Original DescriptionShell moderately small to medium sized (maximum length: 57.0 mm). Shell profile ventricosely conical, with a high spire. Spire profile sigmoid to slightly concave. Protoconch multispiral of 3–3.5 whorls, white to yellow-brown. The last whorl of the larval shell shows minute axial ridges. Early teleoconch whorls with nodules, which are often indistinct after whorls 5 to 6, but may persist forming a nodulose ridge reaching the shoulder on the last whorl. Sutural ramp flat to slightly concave, with very fine striae and arcuate threads becoming obsolete in late whorls. Shoulder with a distinct ridge, usually smooth, although it can be nodulose or even strongly nodulose in some specimens. Last whorl with convex sides adapically, then almost straight and slightly concave abapically. Last whorl smooth or with very fine striae becoming more evident towards the base. Spire and last whorl patternless, white to pale straw-yellow in colour. Columella white. Aperture pale yellow or white. Periostracum yellow, thin and translucent. Operculum with serrations.Discussion:-Similar shells have been found in the Philippines. These came on the market as Conus cf idedai Ninomiya, 1987.
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Conus pulcher [Lightfoot], 1786
Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Lister (1688, pl. 772, fig. 18) Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Cat. Portland Mus. p. 179. no. 3844. Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Coasts of Guinea, (West Africa)Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Lister (1688, pl. 772, fig. 18)Nomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Kalloconus Species:-pulcher Synonyms:- leoninus Gmelin, 1791; papilionaceus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; prometheus Hwass in
Bruguiere, 1792; siamensis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; byssinus Roding, 1798; indiae Roding, 1798; archithalassius Link, 1807; fluctifer Dillwyn, 1817; grandis Sowerby i, 1823; nicolii Wilson, 1831; breviculus Sowerby ii, 1833; bicolor Sowerby ii, 1833Geographic Range:-West Africa frorn Senegal to Angola, including S. Tome e Principe. Not present in the Cape Verde Islands.Habitat:-Shallow WaterDescription:-Source IconographyLarge to very large shell (in fact, this species has the largest specirnens in the whole family Conidae, the largest having been recorded frorn Angola and S. Tome e Pr�ncipe; normal size: 70 to 230 mm). The shell has a straight profile, well rnarked shoulder,low to rnoderately high spire with a slightly concave to convex profile. The sutural rarnps tend to be impressed, with numerous growth lines. The ground color of the shell is white, with a pattem of golden brown dots and dashes, often forming interrupted spiral lines. Those brown rnarkings normally coalesce, forming wide spiral brown bands. The spire has a pattem of fairly regular altemating white and brown areas.Discussion:-No Data
Conus pulcher byssinus Röding, 1798
Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype in Martini (1773, pl. 60, fig. 669) Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Mus. Bolten 2, p. 41, no 518/40, not figuredOcean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Not mentioned, designated (Coomans, Moolenbeek & Wils) Villa Cisneros, Western SaharaType Size: 65 x 42 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pulcherCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Kalloconus Species:-pulcher byssinusGeographic Range:- West Africa Habitat:-Shallow WaterDescription:-Source Iconography: The shell is similar to that of Conus pulcher but more cylindrical, with a stocky profile. It is more brightly colored, presenting solid brownish spiral lines on the body whorl, on which the white background color is usually predominant. The brown markings tend to be darker, more clearly defined and thicker, even in the shape of small rectangles.Discussion:-No Data
Conus pulcher siamensis Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:
Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 662, no. 58, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 329, fig. 8)Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Indian Ocean [erroneous]Type Data: Lectotype in MHNGType Size: 102.5 x 62 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pulcherCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Kalloconus Species:-pulcher byssinusGeographic Range:- Canary Islands and MadeiraHabitat:-Shallow WaterDescription:-Source Iconography: The shell is similar to that of C. p. pulcher, but more brightly colored, with shades of violet-brown. Shell is solid and heavy, always broader than that of the nominate, with a very low or low spire. The lip is very thin even in adult specimens. They may grow up to 180 mm, but the average size depends much on the particular population. The largest specimens can be found at Lanzarote, the smallest at La Palma.Discussion:-No Data
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Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio RolánLiving Animal: David Massemin Tahiti
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 622Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Pacific OceanType Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 45 x 29 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Puncticulis Species:-pulicarius Synonyms:- fustigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; punctulatus Roding, 1798; vautieri Kiener, 1845; Geographic Range:-Central and W. Pacific, Polynesia except Marquesas; Indian O., Cocos (Keeling)
Island, and northern Western Australia.Habitat:-Intertidal to more than 75 m; in deep sand away from limestone outcrops and growing coral; mostly in sand-filled channels and large patches of sand on reef flats.Description:-Source Living ConidaeMedium-sized to moderately large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical, conoid-cylindrical, or ventricosely conical, often broadly conical in C. p. pulicarius; outline convex at subshoulder area and almost straight below, often with slight convexity above base. Siphonal fasciole pronounced, may be separated from basal part by an incision. Shoulder subangulate to rounded, weakly to strongly tuberculate. Spire of low to moderate height, consistently low in C. p. vautieri; outline slightly concave to straight. Larval shell of about 3.5 whorls, maximum diameter about 0.7 mm. Postnuclear spire whorls strongly tuberculate. Teleoconch sutural ramps concave, with 1 increasing to 4-5 spiral grooves. Last whorl with variably spaced spiral grooves and adjacent ribs on basal fourth.C. p. pulicarius: Ground colour white. Last whorl with spiral rows of irregularly set black spots or bars clustered in an interrupted spiral band within adapical and abapical third; clusters often emphasized by underlying shadows of yellow, brown or violet. Near base, white dashes usually alternate with black markings. Black spots and bars may fuse into solid axial flames. Larval whorls white to grey. Teleoconch sutural ramps with variously solid black markings, varying in number and arrangement. Aperture white to bluish white, often suffused with yellow or orange.Shell Morphometry L 35-75 mm RW 0.29-1.10 g/mm (L 35-64 mm) RD 0.63-0.80 PMD 0.78-0.88 RSH 0.04-0.22 C. fustigatus used for specimens where spots fused into axial black stripes along growth marks; Also used for specimens with widely spaced spots;Discussion:-C. pulicarius resembles C. arenatus in shell characters and body colouration. The pattern of the latter species consists of more and smaller spots that form flamelike clusters but do not fuse into solid axial flames; its last whorl has a more convex outline as well as weaker spiral sculpture, and tends to be ventricosely conical but not conoid-cylindrical. C. fustigatus and C. punctulatus refer to C. p. pulicarius.
Conus pulicarius f. fustigatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 623 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Indian OceanType Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 41 x 27 mmNomenclature: An available Name
Taxonomy: Synonym of Conus pulicarius Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name fustigatusDiscussion: Currently dealers are offering dark patterned specimens as fustigatus. These specimens do not match the lectotype.
Conus pulicarius vautieri Kiener, 1845
Pictures:Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Coq. Viv. 2, pl. 100, fig. 3, (1849 – 50, Coq. Viv. 2, Sup., p. 350, no. 313)Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Not mentionedType Data: Holotype destroyed in World War 2Type Size: 32 x ? mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A subspecies of Conus pulicariusCurrent Group Names:-Geographic Range: Marquesas IslandsDescription: Medium-sized to moderately large, solid to heavy. Last whorl conical, conoid-cylindrical, or ventricosely conical, often broadly conical; outline convex at subshoulder area and almost straight below, often with slight convexity above base. Siphonal fasciole pronounced, may be separated from basal part by an incision. Shoulder subangulate to rounded, weakly to strongly tuberculate. Spire of low ; outline slightly concave to straight; with brownish grey ground colour and reddish brown pattern; bands around last whorl underlaid with reddish brown; intermittent white dashes often pronounced also adapically; aperture white.Discussion: The local race from the Marquesas Is. was described as C. vautieri, but the conchological similarities support its status as a geographic subspecies of C. pulicarius.
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Conus puncticulatus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 702 Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Santo Domingo, (Dominican Republic), Guadeloupe & Martinique, restricted (Kohn) to Santo Domingo, corrected (Vink) to Colon, Panama, (East coast)Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 27 x 17 mm
Nomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus Synonyms:- columba Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; mauritianus Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792; millepunctatus Röding, 1798; minutus Röding, 1798; scaber Link, 1807; pygmaeus Reeve, 1844; papillosus Kiener, 1845; cardonensis Vink, 1990 Geographic Range:-Along the Caribbean coasts of Panama and Colombia.Habitat:-Found on muddy or sandy bottoms at depths of 0 to 10 m often in rich populationsDescription:-Source VinkA moderately heavy shell, 15 to 30 mm, with convex sides of the body whorl and a slightly concave-sided sharply pointed spire. Spire whorls flat, the margins not projecting carinae, nucleus: 1 1/2 whorls. Shoulder rounded to roundly angled, often slightly concave above. The anterior end is twisted, resulting in a distinct siphonal notch. Body whorl smooth with flat spiral ridges over the anterior half; in some specimens these ridges are pustulose, and the pustules may even cover the body whorl completely, i.e. also the upper half of the shell where no incised lines are present.Typical C. puncticulatus is purplish white with spiral rows of purplish or brownish dots and purplish or brownish axial flames.Discussion:-No Data
Conus puncticulatus cardonensis Vink, 1990
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1, p. 702, no. 92, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 331, figs. 2 & 8)Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Punta Cardon, Paraguana Peninsula, VenezuelaType Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 20.9 x 11.9 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A subspeciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus cardonensis subspeciesSynonyms:- Geographic Range:-Venezuela and Colombia.Habitat:-Mud, 0 – 10 mtrsDescription:-Discussion:-No Data
Conus puncticulatus columba Hwass, 1792
Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Enc. Méth. 1: p. 709, no. 101, (1798, Tab. Enc. pl. 334, fig. 3)Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Corrected (Vink) Fort de France, Martinique, (Windward Islands)Type Data: Type figure designated, (Clench) figure in Gualtieri, 1742, pl. 25, fig. G, (fig. 29 x 19 mm) Type Size: 29 x 19 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A form of Conus puncticulatusCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Leptoconus Species:-puncticulatus f. columbaSynonyms:- Geographic Range:-West IndiesHabitat:-Description:- A white form; C. puncticulatus columba differs from typical C. puncticulatus in being often proportionally wider at the shoulder and having more pronounced widely spaced grooves anteriorly. Most specimens are completely white, pinkish white or white with very small faint dots of brown. Juvenile specimens may have brown axial flames, and occasionally large specimens with dark markings like typical C. puncticulatus are found in populations of otherwise perfectly white specimens. Also pustulose forms exist, sometimes only a few cords near the middle of the body whorl are pustulose.Discussion:-No Data
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Conus purissimus Filmer, 2011
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype C. lacteus Mike Filmer Published in: Visaya 3 (2), 33 Ocean geography: Indo-PacificType Locality: Asia. (C. lacteus Lamarck, 1810)Type Data: Holotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued (C .lacteus) Type Size: 30 x 15.5 mmNomenclature: an available name, a new replacement name (nomen novum) for C. lacteus Lamarck, 1810Taxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Asprella Species:-purissimus Synonyms:- lacteus Lamarck, 1810
Geographic Range:-IndonesiaHabitat:-At depths greater than 20 m.Description:-New name for C. lacteus Lamarck Description Visaya M. FilmerC. lacteus Lamarck, 1810 is a medium sized (25 to 45 mm average 35 mm) solid, conical (RD .48-.54) and heavyshell (RW 0.87- 1.66 average 1.23). The spire is low (9%-15% average 13% of length) with a sharp protoconchand a barely concave outline. The protoconch, which is often broken, is greyish-white and opaque (see pI. 28, fig. 8). There are 8-9 post nuclear whorls, the early ones appear slightly beaded and are stepped, the latter ones contain two deep and broad spiral grooves crossed by numerous axial lines and having some further very fine spiral grooves interspersed between the principle grooves. The later sutures are marked the early ones less so. The spire is ivory white. The shoulder is angulate. The body whorl is relatively straight but curves in just below the shoulder and is slightly turned up at the base. The surface is glossy and contains fairly regular spiral grooves which are close set and narrow at the base and become well separated and broader towards the upper part of the body whorl. These grooves usually extend to the shoulder but may become obsolete on the upper part in some specimens. There are fine axial lines within the grooves giving a cancellate appearance. The body whorl is white to ivory-white there is no other color anywhere on the exterior of the shell. The aperture is broad, almost flared and the interior is white, some specimens are very pale yellow deep within .The lip is thin but firm, the anal notch is shallow and 'U' shaped. The columella is longish and contains a slight twist at the base. The periostracum is reported as brown in the original description.Discussion: - No Data
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Conus purpurascens Sowerby ii, 1833
Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer Picture Link: Paul KerstenRadula Picture: Manuel Tenorio & Emilio Rolán
Published in: Conch. Illus. pt. 25, f. 13. & 13*Ocean geography: Eastern PacificType Locality: Type locality not mentioned, Annaa (Anaa Isl., Tuamotus in Index, 1841), [erroneous].Broderip quotes PanamaType Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 47 x 30 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Chelyconus Species:-purpurascens Synonyms:- regalitatis Sowerby ii, 1834; comptus Gould, 1853; luzonicus Sowerby ii, 1858; rejectus
Dall, 1910Geographic Range:-Sea of Cortez, W Mexico - Peru; C Pacific; GalapagosHabitat:-Shallow WaterDescription:-Source WallsModerately heavy with a good/low gloss; low conical rather ovate at times, the upper sides convex then concave tapering to base; basal ridges sometimes extended or granulose;shoulder sharply angulate to roundly angled; spire rather low, bluntly pointed/sharp, the sides straight/concave; spire whorls concave,usually weakly stepped, the margins rude; body whorl purplish to bluish grey, sometimes whitish or tan with violet tones, covered with numerous spiral rows of brown dashes and white spots; the dashes often long almost continuous;large irregular brownish, reddish blackish blotches around midbody sometimes fused into bands or reduced in size; a row of small blotches below shoulder sometimes; midbody area pale; spire and shouler bluish white, with dark brown axial lines, margins of whorls often brown; early whorls pinkish; aperture moderately wide, uniform; outer lip thin, sharp, straight/convex; mouth deep bluish white to violet; columella long narrow mostly fused;Discussion:-Specimens from Galapagos are very variable from dark brown to unmarked white
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Conus purvisi Cossignani & Fiadeiro, 2017
Pictures:Picture Link: Holotype in MMM Cupra Marittima
Published in: Malacologia 94, p. 32 - 33Ocean geography: East Atlantic and West AfricaType Locality: Praia do Canto, Boa Vista, Cape VerdeType Data: Holotype in MMM, Cupra MarittimaType Size: 16.2 x 8.3 mmNomenclature: An available nameTaxonomy: UncertainCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-PUNCTICULIINAEGenus:-Africonus Species:-purvisiSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:- Only known from the type localityHabitat:- Collected between 0.5 m and 5 m deep on the rocks covered in algae and in cracksDescription:-Source: Original description MalacologiaSmall shell (10 to 13.5 mm) elongated pear-shaped profile, almost biconical, with moderately high spire,slightly stepped with visible sutures, slightly concave profile; the pattern of the spire has white speckles alternating with darker brown-speckled fawn. The aperture is wide with color brownish-reddish-purple colour, showing two light bands; the inner edge of the lip highlights the typical exterior reticulation. The aperture at the shoulder portion is slightly flared. The shell has a bluish-greenish base colour with a pattern of irregular zigzag macules and spiral band near the middle
obtained from a concentration of the spots on the last whorl; thirty dashed spiral lines barely visible run through the entire last whorl. The siphonal channel is quite wide and open and almost straight with a slight deflection to the left. Some spiral grooves are found on the basal area.Animal not available for study.Discussion:-
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Conus pusillus Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:Picture Link: Lectotype in MHNG Mike Filmer
Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 39Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Guinea [erroneous]Type Data: Lectotype in MHNG deposited and catalogued Type Size: 20 x 11 mmNomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym of Conus pusio Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792Current Group Names:-Not appropriate for the name pusillus
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Conus pusio Hwass in Bruguiere, 1792
Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 334, fig. 4) Picture Link: Paul Kersten
Published in: Encyc. Meth. Hist. Nat. des Vers. Vol. 1, p. 710Ocean geography: West Atlantic and CaribbeanType Locality: Santo Domingo, (Dominican Republic), Martinique & Guadeloupe, restricted (Kohn) to Santo Domingo, corrected (Vink) to Guadeloupe, (Leeward Islands).Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 334, fig. 4)Nomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: A valid speciesCurrent Group Names:-Family:-CONILITHIDAE SubFamily:-CONILITHINAEGenus:-Jaspidiconus Species:-pusio Synonyms:- pusillus Lamarck, 1810; minutus Reeve, 1844; duvali Bernardi, 1862; boubeeae Sowerby iii, 1903Geographic Range:-Widespread in the Eastern Caribbean and along the East coast of Brazil with
records from Guadeloupe, Martinique, St. Vincent and the States of Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.Habitat:-Found on sand bottom with some vegetation at a depth of 10 to 30 mDescription:-Source VinkA small shell, 15 to 20 mm (rarely up to 25 mm) with convex sides of the body whorl (more straight in juvenile specimens) and a straight-sided spire producing an angle of 70 to 80deg. Shoulder roundly angulate, body whorl smooth with a few incised spiral lines near the base; in some specimens the grooves may extend to the shoulder. Spire whorls flat, nucleus: 1.5 whorls.Fresh specimens of C. pusio have a purplish white, purple or pale tan background with reddish brown maculations and spiral rows of white and reddish brown dashes. However the purple and brown quickly fade to yellow and orange, hence the French name for C. pusio: cone jaunisse (c. jaundice). The midbody area is often pale. There are distinct white and reddish brown dashes on the margin of the shoulder and spire whorls, in addition to dark brown maculations on the spire. In most specimens a second row of dark spots can be observed near the suture.Discussion:-C. pusio could be confused with C. mindanus ( which is larger with a relatively lower spire and more concave tops of the spire whorls), C. puncticulatus (which bas a twisted anterior end with a distinct siphonal notch, and only one row of brown dots on the spire whorls) and various species traditionally associated with C. jaspideus (which have carinated spire whorls).Many authors have considered C. pusio a junior synonym of C. jaspideus or C. puncticulatus but this is inconsistent with its description and illustration: the shell is smooth and glossy, the spire whorls are not carinate, and on the spire whorls it has a double brown and whitish dotted border, one at the upper margin and one at the lower margin.Tucker comments:Vink differentiated J. pusio from J. mindanus, which he said was larger than J. pusio, had a relatively lower spire than J. pusio, and had more concave whorl tops than J. pusio. He also maintained that J. jaspideus has carinated spire whorls but that J. pusio does not. Vink also recognized that J. mindanus and its relatives including J. pusio have two rows of spots on the whorl tops. One of these is along the suture and the other is along the shoulder angle. In J. jaspideus, only the row of spots along the shoulder angle is present. This trait is useful but not absolute. It can be said that J. mindanus, J. pusio, and J. iansa usually have two rows of spots, whereas J. jaspideus, as defined by me, usually has a single row.The species of Perplexiconus also have but a single row of spots.
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Conus pyramidalis Lamarck, 1810
Pictures:Picture Link: Representation of Lectotype Tableau Enc. (1798, pl. 347, fig. 5)Picture Link: Paul Kersten Published in: Ann. du Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris) xv, p. 438Ocean geography:Indo-PacificType Locality: Indes orientales (?)Type Data: A representative type figure has been recorded as: Tableau (1798, pl. 347, fig. 5)Nomenclature: An available NameTaxonomy: Synonym form of Conus textile Linnaeus, 1758
Current Group Names:-Family:-CONIDAE SubFamily:-CONINAEGenus:-Cylinder Species:-textile pyramidalis formaSynonyms:- There are no junior synonymsGeographic Range:-Kenya, MadagascarHabitat:-Intertidal to about 50 m; on coral reef from the reef crest to deeper water inside the lagoon and sometimes also on flats of mainland coastsDescription:-Source Living Conidae C. textileC. pyramidalis: Last whorl rather narrow (RD 0.60 or less) and conoid-cylindrical to ventricosely conical, with a rather widely meshed pattern; spire comparatively high (RSH 0.13-0.19). Known from Kenya and Madagascar. A form of C. textile intergrading with more typically patterned sympatric variants that may also have cylindrical or ovate last whorls. The lectotype mayhave an aberrantly high spire.Discussion:-No Data
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Copyright Paul Kersten. Rights to all images remains with the originator. Every effort has been made by the editor to respect copyright and image rights and to seek the appropriate approvals. The source of any text quoted from original descriptions or other publications is acknowledged. Acknowledgements and References can be viewed by clicking on the links provided. Should you have any queries or material which would improve the content of the website, you may contact the author at the E mail address on home page.
Last update March 2018
