Disasters lead to reform 1900 Galveston, Texas hurricane

State commission – elected commissions with 2 year terms

1913 Flood Dayton, Ohio City managers & elected commissioners

The government is more ________ Reform Mayors - Detroit and

Cleveland Fairer tax structure, lower fares on public

transportation, parks, schools Cleveland – take over utilities (so corrupt)

19 Socialist Mayors – Gas & Water

• Wisconsin Gov. Robert La Follette (1901-1906), corporations should be treated the same as people (no special treatment)Regulated railroads, mines, mills,

telephone companies No more free passes, taxed at same rate as

other businesses, commission to regulate

• Washington, California, New York

Initiative – bill originating from the people (not politicians)

Referendum – bill the people (not politicians) vote for or against

Recall – the people get to vote on removing a politician from office prior to their term being up

Primaries – the people choose their political party’s candidates

By 1916 all but three states had direct primaries

"Let the watchwords of all our people be the old familiar watchwords of honesty, decency, fair-dealing, and commonsense."... "We must treat each man on his worth and merits as a man. We must see that each is given a square deal, because he is entitled to no more and should receive no less."The welfare of each of us is dependent fundamentally upon the welfare of all of us."

--New York State Fair, Syracuse September 7, 1903

Square Deal: all get a fair shot

corporations, consumer protection, conservation

Corporations Trust busting – Good versus

Bad 1902 Northern Security, 1904

dissolved 44 other suits

Elkins Act, 1903 Public rate change publish,

rebates not allowed (fine) Hepburn Act, 1906

Max rates, no free passes

The Father of Conservation - "I recognize the right and duty of this generation to develop and use the nature resources of our land; but I do not recognize the right to waste them, or to rob, by wasteful use, the generations that come after us." (Theodore Roosevelt, Osawatomie, Kansas, August 31, 1910).

Newlands Reclamation Act(1902) Public money for dams & irrigation http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AF15JVliwRc&feature=related

1905: US Forest Services under Gifford Pinchot Set aside land cannot be used (43-194 million

acres protected) Five national parks 18 national monuments to be protected

Not a Roosevelt… Major trust buster

90 to TR’s 44 Mann Elkins Act 1910

ICC’s power Set stage 16th amendment Payne Aldrich Tariff

Said would lower tariffs & wavered Conservation issues

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair Hired B as secretary of interior –

removed 1 million acres land Pinchot (former head Forestry) fired

testifying against B

Taft gets the Republican nomination

Roosevelt forms the Bull Moose Party/Progressive Party

Woodrow Wilson – Democrat Democrats happy – why? SOCIALIST – Eugene Debs

4th run!

Teddy – New Nationalism – government involvement

Wilson – New Freedom – tariffs, trusts, high finance

TRUSTS WOMEN”S SUFFRAGE TARIFFS

New FreedomTriple Wall of privilege “trust,

tariff and high finance (banks)”Underwood Tariff of 1913

First reduction since CW

Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 – advertising & pricing

Clayton Anti-trust Act of 1914 Legal – unions, striking,

boycottsIllegal – certain business

practices

Federal Reserve Act, 1913Government controls money

supply

16th Amendment – graduated income tax (1913)

17th Amendment – direct election of senators (1913)

18th Amendment – prohibition of alcohol (1919)*

19th Amendment – women’s suffrage (1920)

**** 21st Amendment – (1933)