עלי, שמואל, שאול, ודוד Destruction of Shiloh Shmuel’s Career The Rule of Saul...
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Transcript of עלי, שמואל, שאול, ודוד Destruction of Shiloh Shmuel’s Career The Rule of Saul...
THE DESTRUCTION OF SHILOH
ReligionThe Centrality of the Mishkan in Shiloh
The Role of ElkanahEli and His Sons
The War with the Philistines
Religion
Avodah Zarah, Bamos and Syncretistic Worship
This shows a temple in Gezer where the idolaters have two altars one of the two back stones is for Hashem the other for his “wife” Asherah
Shrines to Avodah Zara and idols are commonly found at archeological sites shows its prevalence ◦ The Jews did not completely expel the Canaanite
population and their influence damaged the Jews worship of Hashem
Personal alters or במות are also found◦ Before the Mishkan was moved to Shiloh it was
permitted to bring sacrifices on a במה
◦ During the time of the Mishkan in Shiloh and the time of the Beis Hamikdash sacrifice is only permitted in the Temple but when during the period of time when the Mishkan was in Gilgal, Nov or Givon it Baamos were permitted
◦ After the Mishkan was moved to Shiloh it was prohibited but many people continued to bring sacrifices on במות
◦ It continued to be an עבירה through the entire time of the Beis Hamikdash
Is the inclusion of Hashem into the pantheon of idols and pagan "ז ע◦ This is the natural combination of independent
worship of Hashem and of the prevalence of עבודהof the Canaanites זרה
Mishkan Shiloh
Rambam Bies Habechirah 1:2 פ" הבחירה בית הלכות ם ' רמב ב" הל א
Once they came into the land of Israel they placed the Mishkan in Gilgal for 14 years while they conquered and divided the land of Israel.
From there they cam to Shiloh and built there a house of stone and spread curtains of the Mishkan on it but it had no roof.
For 369 years the Mishkan was in Shiloh and when Eli died it was destroyed and they went to Nov and built there a holy site.
Shmuel died and Nov was destroyed they came to Givon and from there to the House of Ages. And the Mishkan was in Nov and Givon for 57 years
העמידו לארץ שנכנסו כיוןשנה עשרה ארבע בגלגל המשכן
, באו ומשם ושחלקו שכבשואבנים של בית שם ובנו לשילהולא עליו המשכן יריעות ופרשו " , שנה ט ושס תקרה שם היתהעלי וכשמת שילה משכן עמד
, מקדש שם ובנו לנוב ובאו חרבלגבעון ובאו חרב שמואל וכשמת
באו ומגבעון מקדש שם ובנו , וגבעון נוב וימי העולמים לבית
. שנה וחמשים שבע
Mishkan Shiloh
Elkanah
Map of Shilohhttp://members.bibarch.org/image.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=12&Issue=01&ImageID=02400&SourcePage=search.asp&UserID=0&
The first steps to Monarchy
Every year would go and sacrifice to Hashem at Shiloh
The Medrish says that he went a different way each year to bring more and new people with him
He was trying to unite the Tribes of Israel
Mishkan Shiloh
Excavations at ShilohKaufman, Asher S. “Fixing the Site of the Tabernacle at Shiloh.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Nov/Dec 1988, 46-49, 52. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=14&Issue=6&ArticleID=3 (accessed 10/18/2010
Eli Was the גדול in כהן
Shiloh He judged Israel for
40 His children Chofni
and Pinchas do not continue in his way
They use the Mishkan as a source of income instead of a viewing it as an privilege to work in the house of Hashem
Mishkan Shiloh
Shiloh Plaquehttp://www.pbase.com/rdavid/image/64634118 Eli
Elkanah and his wife Chana gave Shmuel to be raised in the Mishkan in Shiloh
Shmuel received prophecy and become known as a prophet
The War with the Philistines
Ebenezer – העזר האבן
Map of the Battle of EbenezerFinkelstein, Israel. “Shiloh Yields Some, But Not All, of Its Secrets.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jan/Feb 1986, 22-41. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=12&Issue=1&ArticleID=7 (accessed 10/18/2010)
The Jews go out to war with the Philistines it is not clear over what they went to war
One can imagine that it was to either defend themselves from a Philistine offensive or to try and retake some of the land taken from them by the Philistines
The Jew are not successful so they descried to take the from the Mishkan to ארוןbattle
The Jews lost the battle and the Philistines captured the ארון
When the news reached Eli he died and his daughter-in-law died as she gave birth to a son named Ichabod אי(great name) כבוד
The War with the Philistines
Return of the ארון
Travels of the ארון after the Capture by the Philistines
The Philistines are overcome by plague and are forced to return the ארון
It went first to Beth-Shemesh but also caused problems
So it was taken to Kiriath-Yearim
Meanwhile the rest of the Mishkan set up in Nov
The Navi says that Jews then defeated the Philistines miraculously and retook the cities captured by the Philistines
The Jews also were at peace with the Amorites
Shmuel’s Career
Shmuel the Unifier
Map of Shmuel’s Circuit
ז פרק א שמואל ) י) hמi י jkל כ ִישimרlאhל אoת kאhל שipמו jט kפipשqk rי ו טו
lkיו: חrי ) אhל) בhkית iסlבrב ו lה בikשlpנ lה שlpנ י hk ד qמ i iהlלrְך ו טז
אhת ִישimרlאhל אoת iשlpפrט ו lה kפiְצqkמrהi ו lkל qkלiג iהrג ו: okה הlאhל הrמikקוjמוjת lkל כ
) iשlpם) ו jיתוhkב שlpם qkי כ הlרlמlתlה jתוlבupשiתk ו יז : lק לrיקjו rחhkבi ז qמ שlpם qkבoן rי ו ִישimרlאhל אoת שlpפlט
Following in his father’s footsteps Shmuel would judge Israel on a circuit
He would go from Ramah to Beth-El to Gilgal, and Mitzpeh then back to Ramah
Shmuel’s Career
Shmuel Installs His SonsQuick History of
Inherited Office in Judaism ח פרק א שמואל
) lיו) בlkנ אoת lkשomם rי ו kאhל שipמו lקhן ז rkאxשopר כ iהqי rי ו א: לiִישimרlאhל שjpפiטqים
) (k hהו מqשipנ iשhpם ו יוjאhל הrבikכוjר jנוikב שopם iהqי rי ו ב: שlpבrע בqkבiאhר שjpפiטqים lkה אxבqי
) הrבlkְצrע) kאrחxרhי qkטkו rי ו בqkדiרlכlיו lיו kבlנ הlלiכו iלjא ו ג: lט kפipשqמk rkטkו rי ו kשjpחrד qkקiחו rי ו
When Shmuel became old he placed his sons as judges over Israel.
And the name of his fist born son was Yoel and his second son was Aviyah and they were judges in Be’er Shevah.
His sons did not walk in his way and they turned after gain and they took bribes and perverted justice.
Moshe – did not have his sons take over after him because they were not worth and his grandson became a priest to Pesel Micha
Yehoshuah – also did not pass along his office to his sons
Gidon’s son Abimelech – attempted to become King in Shechem where he killed all his siblings, and destroyed the city of Shechem, burning 1000 people in the city citadel
In short up until now only the Kehunah has been hereditary
Shmuel’s Career
Choosing a KingAfter uniting all of
Israel and unsuccessfully attempting to pass along his office to his sons
The people gather and ask for a king
Shmuel is unhappy with the idea but is forced to turn to Hashem to find a King
Shmuel finds Saul when he comes to ask about his father’s donkeys
Shmuel anoints him to be the King over all of Israel
Shmuel casts lots to in public to show that Saul was divinely ordained to be King
War with Ammon
Nachash the Ammonite
The People of Yavesh Gilead were under attack by Nachash the Ammonite who would only give terms if he could gouge out the right eye of every Jew
They sent to Saul to help them
Saul took a pair of oxen and cut them up and said anyone who does not join us will have their animals cut up like these
All Israel came, 330,000 men
Who defeated the Ammonites
War with the Philistines
Michmash-מכמש
The Jews are again at war with the Philistines probably, a united Israel felt that they could stand up to the Philistines
Saul was rebuked for not waiting for Shmuel and was told that the kingdom would be striped from him
After a protracted description in the Navi of the battle Saul defeats the Philistines
War with AmalekWar with Amalek
Shmuel Commands an Attack on Amalek
There were three Mitzvos commanded to Israel when they entered the land of Israel◦ Appoint a king
◦ Defeat Amalek
◦ Build a Beis Hamikdash
Once they appointed a king it was time to move on to the next Mitzvah
War with Amalek
Amalek Defeated Amalek was defeated and
only the King Agag was left alive and the best of the animals were spared
Shmuel comes and rebukes Saul who does not admit a mistake
Shmuel then says that Hashem will anoint another King to rule over Israel even now when you are alive
Shmuel then kills Agag
SAUL AND DAVID
David and Saul Second War with Philistines
David and GoliathDavid as a FugitiveFinal Battle with the Philistines
David and Saul
Shmuel Anoints David War with the Philistines
Shmuel goes to בית and anoints David לחםas king
David is then sent for by Saul to be his court musician
Possibly a case of keeping your friends close and your enemies even closer
Another war with the Philistines breaks out
Goliath from Gath the hero of the Philistines challenges the Israelites to single combat
David meets his challenge and kills him with a rock from his sling
David is hailed a hero by the Jews and becomes seen as a threat by Saul
David and Goliath
Goliath of Gath
National Museum, AthensWarriors’ Vase. Soldiers in full battle dress decorate an early 12th century B.C. vase from Mycenae. Their bronze helmets and leg guards, coats of mail and spears are all similar to Goliath’s armor and weaponry as described in the Bible. These well-known elements of Aegean warfare, shared by the Mycenaean warriors and Goliath, show the transfer of Aegean tradition to Philistia.The passage in 1 Samuel 17:5–7 compares Goliath’s spear to “a weaver’s beam” because this type of weapon had not been seen in Israel before and had no Hebrew name. The Warriors’ Vase shows the earliest representation of this javelin-type spear with loop.Dothan, Trude. “What We Know About the Philistines.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jul/Aug 1982, 20-44. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=8&Issue=4&ArticleID=1 (accessed 10/19/2010)
יז פרק א שמואל ) iִישimרlאhל) ו okה ז qמ הlהlר אoל עjמiדqים qים kתipשqלiפk ו ג
: hיהoם hkינ ב iא rkי iהrג ו okה ז qמ הlהlר אoל ( עjמiדqים hkְצhא ) rי ו דrkת ג qמ jמוipש lת lkלiי ג qים kתipשqלi kפ מqמrkחxנוjת rִים hkנ הrב pישqא
) ( : ַעrל iחjשopת נ iכוjבrע ו ה lרoת lז ו אrמkוjת pשhpש jהוiבlk גkמqשipקrל ו pשk לlבו kא הו קrשimקrשqkmים iשqpרiיוjן ו jוpאשjר ) ( : ו iחjשopת נ שipקlלqים אxלlפqים חxמhשopת הrשqkpרiיוjן
: ikתhפlיו כ hkין ב iחjשopת נ iכqידוjן ו רrגiלlיו ַעrל iחjשopת נ kמqְצiחrת ו ) (jיתוq חxנ iלrהoבoת ו qים אjרiג נוjר iמqk כ jיתוq חxנ iַעhץ ו וחץ ז
: lיו לiפlנ i הjלhְך lkה qkנ הrְצ iנjשhmא ו oל בrkרiז שipקlלqים מhאוjת pשhpש ) jkאמoר) rי ו ִישimרlאhל מrַעrרiכjת אoל qkקiרlא rי ו rkַעxמjד rי ו חאlנjכqי הxלוjא מqלiחlמlה iְךjרxַעrלk תhְצiאו לlמlkה לlהoם
pישqא kלlכoם בikרו kל לiשlpאו ים qדlבxַע oם kתrאi ו qי kתipשqלi kפrה: אhלlי hרhד iי ו
David and Goliath
Goliath of Gath
National Museum, AthensWarriors’ Vase. Soldiers in full battle dress decorate an early 12th century B.C. vase from Mycenae. Their bronze helmets and leg guards, coats of mail and spears are all similar to Goliath’s armor and weaponry as described in the Bible. These well-known elements of Aegean warfare, shared by the Mycenaean warriors and Goliath, show the transfer of Aegean tradition to Philistia.The passage in 1 Samuel 17:5–7 compares Goliath’s spear to “a weaver’s beam” because this type of weapon had not been seen in Israel before and had no Hebrew name. The Warriors’ Vase shows the earliest representation of this javelin-type spear with loop.Dothan, Trude. “What We Know About the Philistines.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jul/Aug 1982, 20-44. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=8&Issue=4&ArticleID=1 (accessed 10/19/2010)
Samuel I 17
(3) The Philistines were standing on the mountain on one side and Israel was standing on the mountain on the other side, and the valley was between them (4) A champion went forth from the Philistine camps whose name was Goliath of Gath; his height six cubits and one half cubit. (5) He had a copper shield on his legs and a copper neck-guard between his shoulders. (7) The shaft of his spear was like a weavers’ beam and the blade of his spear weighed six hundred iron shekels, the shield bearer walked before him. (8) He stood and called out to the battalions of Israel and said to them "why are you going forth to wage war? Am I not the Philistine while you are the servants of Saul? Choose yourselves a man and let him come down to me!”
David and Goliath
Goliath of Gath
National Museum, AthensWarriors’ Vase. Soldiers in full battle dress decorate an early 12th century B.C. vase from Mycenae. Their bronze helmets and leg guards, coats of mail and spears are all similar to Goliath’s armor and weaponry as described in the Bible. These well-known elements of Aegean warfare, shared by the Mycenaean warriors and Goliath, show the transfer of Aegean tradition to Philistia.The passage in 1 Samuel 17:5–7 compares Goliath’s spear to “a weaver’s beam” because this type of weapon had not been seen in Israel before and had no Hebrew name. The Warriors’ Vase shows the earliest representation of this javelin-type spear with loop.Dothan, Trude. “What We Know About the Philistines.” Biblical Archaeology Review, Jul/Aug 1982, 20-44. http://members.bib-arch.org/publication.asp?PubID=BSBA&Volume=8&Issue=4&ArticleID=1 (accessed 10/19/2010)
Example of Philistine Greek origins
◦Long spear
◦Bronze armor
◦Helmet
One on one combat between Heroes is found in many Greek battles starting from the Odyssey
David as Fugitive
David Runs from Saul Saul forces David to flee from
court During his flight David stays at
the city of Nov and tells them that he is on a mission from Saul and they should feed him
Nov is the city at which the Mishkan is set up
(The Aron is in Kiryath Yearim) The Kohanim feed him and
David leaves Saul finds out about the
Kohanim giving aid to David and kill all the Kohanim
David finds refuge in many different places including ◦ Gath
◦ Adullam
◦ Keilah
◦ Ziph
◦ En-gedi
◦ Carmel
◦ Hachilah
◦ Ziklag
David as Fugitive
David Runs from Saul
David finds refuge in many different places including ◦ Gath
◦ Adullam
◦ Keilah
◦ Ziph
◦ En-gedi
◦ Carmel
◦ Hachilah
◦ Ziklag
Final Battle with the Philistines
Saul David Saul is at war with the
Philistines Philistines and Israel meet at
Machanyim◦ Israel in ביזרעאל אשר עין
◦ Philistines in Aphek
They fought the Battle on Har Gilboa
Saul was defeated and killed so were his sons
The Philistines put his body on the wall of Beth Shean
The men of Yavesh Gilead took down the bodies of Saul and his sons
David is in Ziklag and attached to the Philistines who are at war with Israel
Before the Battle the Philistines reject David and his men as the same person who killed Goliath
David returns to Ziklag and it has been raided by Amalek
David then goes and attacks Amalek and defeats them
Then news of the disaster and death of Saul and Jonathan reaches him and he kills the messenger and begins mourning