Define the following people/term: 1) William Shakespeare 2) Johann Gutenberg 3) Vernacular 4)...
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Define the following people/term:
1) William Shakespeare2) Johann Gutenberg3) Vernacular4) Why was the invention of the
printing press a huge achievement?
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100 Years War and Black Death
Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
The Corruption within the Catholic Church
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Causes of the Reformation? Church corruption- priests marrying in small villages
Development of personal devotions suspicion of clergy
Greed of secular leaders 1/3 of Europe church land
Papal need for money indulgences
Printing Press
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Prior to the Reformation all Christians were Roman Catholic
The [REFORM]ation was an attempt to REFORM the Catholic Church
People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of the corruption and restore the people’s faith in the church
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In the end the reformers, like Luther, established their own religions
The Reformation caused a split in Christianity with the formation of these new Protestant religions
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Martin Luther
John Calvin
Henry VIII
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Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
Father encouraged him to study law
A sudden religious experience inspired him to become a monk
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He became troubled over the possibility of not going to heaven
He turned to the Bible, and confession for comfort
In the Bible he found the answer he was looking for
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“The righteous shall by his faith.”
Luther realized that only faith (in the ultimate goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save a person if they did not believe.
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A list of things he thought were wrong with the Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
He criticized:
The Power of the Pope
The Extreme Wealth of the Church
Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)
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Gutenberg’s Printing Press made it possible for Luther to spread his beliefs
Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
Gained support from people and criticism from Church
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•The first thing printed on Gutenberg’s press was the Bible.
•This is a picture of a page from one of Gutenberg’s Bibles.
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The Spread of the Printing PressThe Spread of the Printing Press
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Answer the following questions:1) Why was the printing press such
an important invention?2) List the reasons why the Catholic
church was corrupt. (causes)3) What were indulgences? 4) According to Luther, what is the
only way a person can get into heaven, through ________
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The Diet of Worms1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his beliefsLuther burned the order and was excommunicatedLuther went into hiding where he translated the New Testament into German – spreading his beliefs even further
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He was the Pope during the height of the corruption
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Caricature of Pope Alexander VI by Martin Luther, 1545Caricature of Pope Alexander VI by Martin Luther, 1545
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“I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a gigantic anus, and so we’re about to let go of each other.”
-Luther
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Some Local German Churches accepted Luther’s ideas
Lutheranism was formed
Supported by German Princes who issued a formal “protest” against the Church for suppressing the reforms
The reformers came to be known as [PROTEST]ants - Protestants
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“May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000 times.”
- Calvin speaking to another reformer whose ideas he disagreed with
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Anti-Catholic
Influenced by Martin Luther
Disagreed with Luther’s “Salvation through faith alone.”
Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland
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Calvin believed in:
Salvation through Predestination
At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven or hell
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Foreknowledge
God knows everything that will happen in your life
Purified approach to life:
No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling etc..
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Started in Switzerland – Calvinists
England = Puritans
Scotland = Presbyterians
Holland = Dutch Reform
France = Huguenots
Germany = Reform Church
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ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
ReformationEurope(Late 16c)
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PuritanHugeunots
Presbyterian