+ CS 325: CS Hardware and Software Organization and Architecture Introduction.
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Transcript of + CS 325: CS Hardware and Software Organization and Architecture Introduction.
+Myself
Dr. Michael Galloway COHH 4135 [email protected]
Ph.D. – Computer Science – The University of Alabama, Aug. 2013 Specialization: Parallel and Distributed Computing, Cloud Computing
Local Infrastructure as a Service Cloud Architectures
M.S. – Computer Science – The University of Alabama, May 2008 Specialization: VANETs, MANETs, Network Protocols
B.W.E – Wireless Engineering – Auburn University, December 2005 Specialization: Wireless Communication Protocols, Resource Management of
Handheld Devices.
Taught classes at 6 colleges and universities First time teaching computer organization and architecture
Current Research: Infrastructure Cloud Architectures, Automated Resource Deployment, Vertical Educational Clouds, Power Modeling
Co-Chair: WKU ACM Student Chapter – Everyone should join!!
+Yourself
Your name
What you would like to be called
What would you like to learn from this class?
Anything you would like us to know
+Course Description
This course will provide a means for advanced coverage of computer systems and architecture, provide a bridge between low-level hardware systems and operating systems programming and provide a means for in-depth coverage of new generation hardware and computer systems.
Topics include computer number representations, computer arithmetic, CPU operations, instruction sets, I/O memory management, system performance, and parallelism.
+Important Information
Course Website: http://ip204-5.sth.wku.edu//cs325Web/
Required Book: “Computer Organization and Architecture”
by William Stallings, ninth edition.
Office Hours: 8am – 11am on Tuesday, Thursday
+Why Should We Study Computer
Architecture?
It’s required
Understand computer performance and cost factors.
Basis for understanding OS and programming concepts.
Understand how to write programs that are: Faster Smaller Less prone to error
To appreciate the relative cost of operations and the effect of programming choices.
Helps you to debug.
+The Bad News…
Digital Hardware Is complex Cannot be fully understood in one course Requires background in electrical engineering, physics,
chemistry
The CPU is the most complex device created by humans. Over 2 Billion transistors (2013) Transistor switching speed of over 4 billion/sec (4Ghz) 22nm fabrication process, and getting smaller
14nm scale projected for 2014 ~60 Si atoms!
+The Good News!
It is possible to understand the architectural components without knowing all of the low-level details.
Programmers only need to know the essentials Characteristics of major components Role in overall system Consequences for programmers
Computer Architecture
•The operational units and their interconnections that realize the architectural specifications
•Hardware details transparent to the programmer, control signals, interfaces between the computer and peripherals, memory technology used
• Instruction set, number of bits used to represent various data types, I/O mechanisms, techniques for addressing memory
•Attributes of a system visible to the programmer
•Have a direct impact on the logical execution of a program
Computer Architectur
e
Architectural
attributes include:
Computer Organizatio
n
Organizational
attributes include:
Computer Organization
+ IBM System
IBM System/370 architecture Was introduced in 1970 Included a number of models Could upgrade to a more expensive, faster model without having to
abandon original software New models are introduced with improved technology, but retain
the same architecture so that the customer’s software investment is protected
Architecture has survived to this day as the architecture of IBM’s mainframe product line
370 Architecture still in use by IBM today! IBM zSeries IBM zEnterprise Series
370 Architecture
+Intel x86
1978 – Introduced 8088, 16 – bit 80186, 80286
1985 – 80386, 32 – bit 80486, Pentium, Pentium MMX
1995 – Pentium Pro Pentium II, Pentium III
2000 – Pentium 4
2006 – Core 2, 64 – bit, multi-core
2008 – Core i3/i5/i7 Atom
Backward compatible instruction set architectures
+Function
A computer can perform four basic functions:
● Data processing● Data storage● Data movement● Control
+ CPU – controls the
operation of the computer and performs its data processing functions
Main Memory – stores data
I/O – moves data between the computer and its external environment
System Interconnection – some mechanism that provides for communication among CPU, main memory, and I/O
There are four main structural componentsof the computer:
+CPU
Control Unit Controls the operation of the CPU
and hence the computer
Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU) Performs the computer’s data
processing function
Registers Provide storage internal to the
CPU
CPU Interconnection Some mechanism that provides
for communication among the control unit, ALU, and registers
Major structural components:
+ Summary
Computer Organization
Computer Architecture
Function Data processing Data storage Data movement Control
Structure CPU Main memory I/O System interconnection
CPU structural components Control unit ALU Registers CPU interconnection
+Internet Resources- Web site for book
http://WilliamStallings.com/COA/COA9e.html Links to sites of interest Links to sites for courses that use the book Errata list for book Information on other books by W. Stallings
http://WilliamStallings.com/StudentSupport.html Math How-to Research resources Misc