© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 28 6.1 Organizing the Elements In a self-service...

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Slide 1 of 28

6.1 Organizing the Elements

In a self-service store, the products are grouped according to similar characteristics. With a logical classification system, finding and comparing products is easy. You will learn how elements are arranged in the periodic table and what that arrangement reveals about the elements.

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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle

Chemists used the properties of elements to sort them into groups.

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Organizing the Elements > Searching For an Organizing Principle

Chlorine, bromine, and iodine have very similar chemical properties.

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Organizing the Elements > Mendeleev’s Periodic Table

Mendeleev arranged the elements in his periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass. Here is an early version.

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Cl, Br, and I are grouped together with what element?

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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law

In the modern periodic table, elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number.

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Organizing the Elements > The Periodic Law

The periodic law: When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their physical and chemical properties.

• The properties change as you move across a period from left to right.

• The pattern repeats as you move from one period to the next.

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Organizing the Elements > Metals, Nonmetals, and Metalloids

Three classes of elements are metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.

Across a period, the properties of elements become less metallic and more nonmetallic.

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Metals, Metalloids, and Nonmetals in the Periodic Table

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Metals

Metals are good conductors of heat and electric current.

• 80% of elements are metals.

• Metals have a high luster, are ductile, and are malleable.

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Uses of Iron, Copper, and Aluminum

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Nonmetals

In general, nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electric current.

• Most nonmetals are gases at room temperature.

• A few nonmetals are solids, such as sulfur and phosphorus.

• One nonmetal, bromine, is a dark-red liquid.

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Metalloids

A metalloid generally has properties that are similar to those of metals and nonmetals.

The behavior of a metalloid can be controlled by changing conditions.

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If a small amount of boron is mixed with silicon, the mixture is a good conductor of electric current. Silicon can be cut into wafers, and used to make computer chips.

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© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Slide 1 of 28 6.1 Organizing the Elements In a self-service...

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