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Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview

Near Field Communication (NFC) is an emerging wireless technology that is designed to

facilitate secure, short-range communication between electronic devices such as mobile

phones, personal data assistants (PDAs), computers and payment terminals. The concept is

simple: in order to make two devices communicate, bring them together or make them touch.

This will engage the wireless interface of the two devices and configure them to link up in a

peer-to-peer network. Once the device is linked up using NFC, they can continue

communication using long range and faster protocols such as Bluetooth or wireless Internet

(Wi Fi). Figure 1 shows the various utilities and NFC Technology

Figure 1: (a) ID card processing (b) NFC Bootcamps and Readers (c) Process of reading

from NFC Technology

1 (a) 1 (b)

1 (c)

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Figure 2: (a) Person Accessing Information through NFC Technology

Using mobile phone for mobile commerce is not new. However, the earlier attempt using the

wireless application protocol (WAP) has not proven to be successful. One of the reasons is

poor usability with WAP. Users are often required to navigate through long menus and enter

several user names and passwords on tiny mobile phone keypads and displays.

Near field communication (NFC) [5] is a new wireless communications technology with

security support. It emerged from the combination of contactless identification (Radio

Frequency Identification - RFID) and mobile phone devices. It was launched in 2004 by

Philips, Sony, and Nokia, but only recently is being more popular. When it appeared there

were not many devices supporting it, so NFC was under the bed until now. NFC can be used

with a large diversity of devices like mobile phones, notebooks, desktops, locks, printers,

TVs, and consumer electronics. NFC offers users much kind of services like payment,

loyalty, transport, travel, culture, and infotainment. Nowadays, NFC makes a boom in world

devices, because many projects have born with this technology. Around the world many

companies are researching on NFC technology and are creating lots of projects focusing on

it. There are many ongoing projects using this technology. A common ticket or a coupon are

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issues of past. Mobile phones can be used as virtual vouchers, transport tickets, or even

supermarket loyalty cards. NFC technology allows three modes of operations: read/write

mode, peer-to-peer mode, and card emulation mode. Then, a NFC device can act as a NFC

tag emulator or a tag reader [6]. Listed are the few NFC application which are implemented

already

1.1.1 NFC smartphone key board

One2 Touch the Norwegian hardware manufacturer has launched an NFC smartphone

keyboard in the US. The key board is activated by placing an NFC phone in the middle

of the keyboard, the device is then ready to type into any selected file in the phone.

The flexible silicone keyboard is water resistant, has standard 'qwerty' keys and a low

energy internal battery, which means it does not need to be plugged into a power

source. When set up, the keyboard is approximately the same size as a 13" laptop

keyboard, but folds up into a pocket sized device.

1.1.2 Nokia NFC Treasure Tag

Nokia is launching an NFC close proximity sensor called a Treasure Tag with a loop

strap for use with their range of Lumia Windows phones. The treasure tag uses

Bluetooth 4.0 and NFC to pair with a Lumia phone, the tag works with an app

uploaded to the phone. Once paired, the Treasure Tag can be attached to an item for

example a set of keys, the phone can be used to locate the Treasure Tag and show the

location on a map, the sensor can emit a notification sound if it is within range.

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Chapter 2

OBJECTIVE & DESIGN

2.1 Objective

The project is aimed at designing a notice board for any academic institutions, in which the

data is passed to authentic student of a particular section/sem or year in a secured manner.

Student has to come with NFC enabled mobile register himself to the network and he will get

the announcements as he activates the NFC application. A Back end database is intended to

design which categorize each streams in any Academic institution and maintains updated

information. This database is controlled and maintained by optimized team which is the part

of Institution.

It is also intended to develop an android application which acts like a client application to this

database. The User has to activate android application from his NFC enabled the Mobile

phone or any device and get the information passed to him within seconds.

This software package can be readily used by non-programming personal avoiding human

handled chance of error. This project is mainly used by Students. Students are provided with

an Android App and login id and password. Only authorized user will able to login and can

access information. Application can be upgraded according to user’s and administrator’s

requirements with little changes. New features can be added as per requirements.

2.1.1 In short the aimed implementation provides

1. To reduce paperwork and speeds up the information sharing. It also

remembers who has accessed the information.

2. Reduced operational time as we are using Android application to initiate the

process.

3. Increased accuracy and reliability will be achieved as the database designed

shares the information only to authentic uses only. Also the updated data will

be pulled-in the user

4. Data security is achieved as the server maintenance is done by separate team

and will not be reachable to any User. It is one directional data accessing

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2.2 Modification and Improvement over the Existing System

2.2.1 Present State

1. Concept of Computerizing Information sharing devices in Education Institutions

using NFC Technology is not initiated by any research community.

2. Lot of Time consumed in accessing the notices of the students, many of the

information lost or not found at present situation.

3. For any instance, manual creation of lists of all the students and information

related to them

4. Headache of administrative cell is more to manage the information of students

manually.

2.2.2 Proposed System

1. Easy to use GUI (Android App.).

2. Students can get their related information easily, both present day information and

older information.

3. It can just be made on single click, economical and can be implemented in every

Institutions

4. Report of students according to need of administrative cell can be generated

easily. Information like which student has accessed, when it was accessed etc.,

5. Burden of staff members of administrative cell as well as students decreases.

Figure 3: Design concept of Contactless Notice Board

Authentic Communication

Secured Information

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Chapter 3

Technology & Tools

It is intended to use NFC Tags and NFC receivers to activate communication. We are also

installing a server which can keep the student data and user can pull information as and when

required.

3.1 Objective

3.1.1. NFC Tags

NFC is a short-range wireless technology.

NFC provides unique advantages over other available wireless technologies.

The design includes a near-field transmitter and receiver to send data from one

computer to another device.

NFC makes it easy to automate tasks on mobile phone.

Figure 4: NFC Tags and Receivers

3.1.2 Android

Android is an operating system based on the Linux kernel, and designed primarily

for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android is

popular with technology companies who require a ready-made, low-cost and

customizable operating system for high tech devices. Android devices are usually

battery-powered, Android is designed to manage memory (RAM) to keep power

consumption at a minimum, in contrast to desktop operating systems which generally

assume they are connected to unlimited mains electricity.

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Figure 5: Android Mobile sending information via NFC

3.1.3. Oracle 10G

For database design, we are planning to use The Oracle 10G stores data logically in

the form of table spaces and physically in the form of data files.

3.1.4. Technology

Eclipse:-It is an integrated development environment (IDE) that is used along with the

Android Development Tools (ADT) Plugin that fully supports Android development

out of the box.

Chapter 4

CONCLUSION

The Project is been separated into 3 modules, 1. Database Design, updation and Accessing

Module 2. Authenticating the User, Notice Updation, changing and deletion Module and 3.

Design of Android Application to receive the information. The project team is working on

design module and procuring hardware parts. In coming days the process of writing software

and testing the application will be done actively.

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REFERENCES

[1] “Micro-Interactions with NFC-Enabled Mobile Phones” Ben Dodson Monica S. Lam

Computer Science Department, Stanford University, CA 94305,

{bjdodson,lam}@cs.stanford.edu

[2] MORENA: A Middleware for Programming NFC-enabled Android Applications as

Distributed Object-Oriented Programs - Lombide Carreton Andoni, Pinte Kevin, De

Meuter Wolfgang, In proceeding of: ACM/IFIP/USENIX 13th International

Middleware Conference, Volume: 7662

[3] “Prototype of train ticketing application using Near Field Communication (NFC)

technology on Android device”, Nasution, S.M., Husni, E.M., Wuryandari, A.I. IEEE

Explore, 11-12 Sept. 2012, 978-1-4673-2375-8, 10.1109/ICSEngT.2012.6339280

[4] “A Secure NFC Application for Credit Transfer Among Mobile Phones” David M.

Monteiro, Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues, and Jaime Lloret2

[5] Junwei Zou, Chu Zhang, Chongbo Dong, Chunxiao Fan, Zhigang Wen, "Mobile

Payment based on RFID-SIM Card," The 10th IEEE International Conference on

Computer and Information Technology (CIT 2010), Bradford, UK, June 29 – July 01,

2010, pp. 2052-2054.

"An Introduction to Near-Field Communication and the Contactless Communication

API", Ortiz, C. Enrique (June 2006).

[6] “Contactless Communication based NFC Technology” Raunaque Mujeeb Quaiser and

Nishant Omar

[7] “How to build a NFC Application on Android” by NXP Semiconductors,

http://www.nxp.com/documents/application_note/AN11367.pdf taken on 21-1-2014

[8] “NFC & Contactless – Mobile and Card Solutions”, Global Smart.com ,

http://www.globalsmart.com/graphics/pdf/2014NFC-PUBLICATION.pdf taken on

21-1-2014

[9] “Body Sensor Networks in Fetal Monitoring with NFC Enabled Android Devices”

Micheal Korostelev, Li Bai, Jie Wu, Chiu Chiang Tan and Dimitrios Mastrogiannis

[10] Kasper, Timo; Dario Carluccio, Christof Paar. "An embedded system for practical

security analysis of contactless smartcards" (PDF). Springer LNCS (Workshop in

Information Security Theory and Practices, Heraklion, Crete, Greece).