Classifications of offences Summary Hybrid Indictable Reasonable grounds What…
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Transcript of Classifications of offences Summary Hybrid Indictable Reasonable grounds What…
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Powers of Arrest
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Overview
Classifications of offences Summary Hybrid Indictable
Reasonable grounds What is a Peace Officer? (sec. 2) Citizens Powers of Arrest (sec. 494) Police Officers Powers of Arrest (sec.
495)
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Criminal Offences
Summary
OffencesHybrid
OffencesIndictabl
e Offences
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Summary Offences Definition Penalties/
PunishmentExamples
-Minor criminal offences
-Maximum penalty for most summary offences is no more than $2 000 and/ or six months in jail-Exceptions:Possession of Narcotics can hold a summary penalty of $2 000 and/or imprisonment for one year
- Loitering- Trespassing at Night- Causing a disturbance- Coin, Defacing- Impersonating at an examination
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Hybrid/Dual OffencesDefinition Penalties/
PunishmentsExamples
Are offences in which the Crown Attorney has the right to proceed with the offence as a summary offence and impose a less severe punishment or proceed with the offence as an indictable offence.
Are determined by whether the Crown elects to proceed with the offence as either a summary or indictable offence.
-False alarm of fire-Mailing obscene matter-Public Mischief- Threat or Uttering-Theft
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Indictable OffencesDefinitions Penalties/
PunishmentsExamples:
These offences are more severe in nature. They carry greater penalties and punishment than summary offences
Maximum: life imprisonmentSome indictable offences have a maximum and minimum penalty set and the punishments are determined by the Criminal Code.
-Murder-Assault-Treason-Weapon Offences-Driving while impaired
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Reasonable GroundsSource/ Section Definition
- Basic Police Powers Textbook- Not defined in the Criminal Code but instead is defined in Case Law
Case Law Definition: “ a set of facts or circumstances which would cause a person of ordinary and prudent judgment to believe beyond mere suspicion.”
Meaning that: If an ordinary person can draw from the facts around them and the event itself and create a reasonable belief of wrong doing, they may proceed on the belief of reasonable grounds.
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Peace OfficerSource/Section Definition
- Criminal Code of Canada- Section 2: Interpretation- Under Peace Officer
A Peace officer can include the following people as well as police officers:-Mayor, Warden, Justice of the Peace- A member of the Correctional Service of Canada such as a Jailer, Guard, Instructor, etc.- A Customs Officer- A pilot in the command of an aircraft- Officers of the Canadian Forces
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Sections that Cover Powers of Arrest Section 494
Arrest without a warrant by any person Section 495
Arrest without a warrant by a peace officer
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Section 494: Citizen’s Power of Arrest
Arrest without a warrant by any person Any person may arrest without a warrant when the offence is covered in the
below options. A person whom they find committing an indictable offence A person who, on reasonable grounds, he /she believes
Has committed a criminal offence and Is escaping from and freshly pursued by persons who have lawful authority to arrest
that person
Arrest by Owner of property. Anyone who is, The owner or person in lawful possession of property, or A person authorized by the owner or by a person in lawful possession of
property
May arrest without a warrant a person whom he finds committing a criminal offence on or in relation to that property
Any one other than a peace officer who arrests a person without warrant shall forthwith deliver the person to a peace officer.
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How to Conduct a Citizens Arrest:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5_lFT52NrU
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Section 495: Police Powers of Arrest Without a WarrantArrest without warrant by a peace officer A peace officer may arrest without warrant a person who has committed an indictable offence
or who, on reasonable grounds, he believes has committed or is about to commit an indictable offence;
a person whom he finds committing a criminal offence; or
a person in respect of whom he has reasonable grounds to believe that a warrant of arrest is in place for that person within their jurisdiction or territory.
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Videos of Police Arrests
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dK1-iZPr-9o