Welcome to English Conversation 1 12/22 – 1/17 My name is Chris Hoaldridge. Please call me Chris.
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1...
-
Upload
lambert-warren -
Category
Documents
-
view
212 -
download
0
Transcript of © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1...
![Page 1: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 1© Chris Snuggs 1© Chris Snuggs 1© Chris Snuggs 1
START AGAIN
1
Obesity among children is a serious and growing problem in many countries.
Nouns can be used as adjectives! Look at this example:
This is much more elegantly and economically rendered as: (click to see)
Child obesity is a serious and growing problem in many countries.
![Page 2: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
2
Hyphens can be a problem – words evolve. “postman” was no doubt once two words; now it is one. Dictionaries disagree in many cases.
The government has closed down an illegal immigrant centre.
Look at this example:
Question: Was it the immigrant CENTRE that was illegal (A) or the IMMIGRANTS (B)?
B) The government has closed down an illegal-immigrant centre.
A) The government has closed down an illegal immigrant-centre.
10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 2
START AGAIN
Clearly, B is correct, and is made clearer by the hyphen.
![Page 3: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
310 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 3
START AGAIN
The occasional “mistake” with hyphens will not matter much; few people will notice. However, here are some general guidelines:
•Use a hyphen where the sense needs clarifying.
•Don‘t OVER-use them.
•For a fuller explanation see here.
Test yourself on the following slides ….
![Page 4: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 4© Chris Snuggs 4© Chris Snuggs 4© Chris Snuggs 4
START AGAIN
4
Learning which is child centred is very fashionable these days.
Child-centred learning is very fashionable these days.
![Page 5: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 5© Chris Snuggs 5© Chris Snuggs 5© Chris Snuggs 5
START AGAIN
5
For the time of the murder he had an alibi which was cast iron.
For the time of the murder he had a cast-iron alibi.
![Page 6: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 6© Chris Snuggs 6© Chris Snuggs 6© Chris Snuggs 6
START AGAIN
6
It‘s a centre which does research into accidents.
It‘s an accident research centre.
![Page 7: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 7© Chris Snuggs 7© Chris Snuggs 7© Chris Snuggs 7
START AGAIN
7
This is the team that looks after security at the airport.
This is the airport security team.
![Page 8: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 8© Chris Snuggs 8© Chris Snuggs 8© Chris Snuggs 8
START AGAIN
8
This is our centre for relations with customers.
This is our customer relations centre.
![Page 9: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 9© Chris Snuggs 9© Chris Snuggs 9© Chris Snuggs 9
START AGAIN
9
The costs of production have risen steeply.
The production costs have risen steeply.
![Page 10: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 10© Chris Snuggs 10© Chris Snuggs 10© Chris Snuggs 10
START AGAIN
10
I had an interview for a job today.
I had a job interview today.
![Page 11: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 11© Chris Snuggs 11© Chris Snuggs 11© Chris Snuggs 11
START AGAIN
11
The boss wants a report on progress.
The boss wants a progress report.
![Page 12: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 12© Chris Snuggs 12© Chris Snuggs 12© Chris Snuggs 12
START AGAIN
12
Our company makes food for dogs.
Our company makes dog food.
![Page 13: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 13© Chris Snuggs 13© Chris Snuggs 13© Chris Snuggs 13
START AGAIN
13
I need a test on my blood.
I need a blood test.
![Page 14: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 14© Chris Snuggs 14© Chris Snuggs 14© Chris Snuggs 14
START AGAIN
14
This is a range used for firing by trainee soldiers.
This is a firing range used by trainee soldiers.
![Page 15: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 15© Chris Snuggs 15© Chris Snuggs 15© Chris Snuggs 15
START AGAIN
15
The rotation of crops is essential to keep the soil healthy.
Crop rotation is essential to keep the soil healthy.
![Page 16: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 16© Chris Snuggs 16© Chris Snuggs 16© Chris Snuggs 16
START AGAIN
16
The abuse of drugs causes many problems.
Drug abuse causes many problems.
![Page 17: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 17© Chris Snuggs 17© Chris Snuggs 17© Chris Snuggs 17
START AGAIN
17
The consumption of fossil fuels is leading to global warming.
Fossil-fuel consumption is leading to global warming.
![Page 18: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 18© Chris Snuggs 18© Chris Snuggs 18© Chris Snuggs 18
START AGAIN
18
Apple juice makes a drink that is excellent for your health.
Apple juice makes an excellent health drink.
![Page 19: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 19© Chris Snuggs 19© Chris Snuggs 19© Chris Snuggs 19
START AGAIN
19
People fear that the world is once again entering a period where countries are racing to increase their arms.
People fear that the world is once again entering an arms race.
![Page 20: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 20© Chris Snuggs 20© Chris Snuggs 20© Chris Snuggs 20
START AGAIN
20
We are currently in a massive crisis because of debt.
We are currently in a massive debt crisis.
![Page 21: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 21© Chris Snuggs 21© Chris Snuggs 21© Chris Snuggs 21
START AGAIN
21
This is the sub-committee that assesses risks.
This is the risk assessment sub-committee.
![Page 22: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 22© Chris Snuggs 22© Chris Snuggs 22© Chris Snuggs 22
START AGAIN
22
This is the unit sponsored by UNESCO that researches infant mortality.
This is the UNESCO-sponsored infant mortality research unit.
![Page 23: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 23© Chris Snuggs 23© Chris Snuggs 23© Chris Snuggs 23
START AGAIN
23
This is a factory that makes cars.
This is a car factory.
This is a factory that makes cars.
This is a car factory.
![Page 24: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 24© Chris Snuggs 24© Chris Snuggs 24© Chris Snuggs 24
START AGAIN
24
This is a belt that you attach to your seat in the car.
This is your seatbelt.
![Page 25: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 25© Chris Snuggs 25© Chris Snuggs 25© Chris Snuggs 25
START AGAIN
25
This is a dictionary in both German and English.
This is a German-English dictionary.
![Page 26: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 26© Chris Snuggs 26© Chris Snuggs 26© Chris Snuggs 26
START AGAIN
26
Are we all singing from the sheet with the same songs on it?
Are we all singing from the same songsheet?
![Page 27: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 27© Chris Snuggs 27© Chris Snuggs 27© Chris Snuggs 27
START AGAIN
27
This is a device which saves time.
This is a time-saving device.
![Page 28: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 28© Chris Snuggs 28© Chris Snuggs 28© Chris Snuggs 28
START AGAIN
28
These men have been hardened by battle.
These are battle-hardened men.
![Page 29: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 29© Chris Snuggs 29© Chris Snuggs 29© Chris Snuggs 29
START AGAIN
29
We saw some mountains were capped by snow.
We saw some snow-capped mountains.
![Page 30: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 30© Chris Snuggs 30© Chris Snuggs 30© Chris Snuggs 30
START AGAIN
30
These alarms have been damaged by smoke.
These are smoke-damaged alarms.
![Page 31: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 31© Chris Snuggs 31© Chris Snuggs 31© Chris Snuggs 31
START AGAIN
31
She went into a coma induced by drugs.
She went into a drug-induced coma.
![Page 32: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 32© Chris Snuggs 32© Chris Snuggs 32© Chris Snuggs 32
START AGAIN
32
AND FINALLY ……
CLICK SLIDE
![Page 33: © Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012 Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives © Chris Snuggs 1 1 1 1 START AGAIN 1 Obesity among children is a serious and growing.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032802/56649e125503460f94afe3be/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
© Chris Snuggs10 May, 2012
Self-testing Practice – Nouns as Adjectives
© Chris Snuggs 33© Chris Snuggs 33© Chris Snuggs 33© Chris Snuggs 33
START AGAIN
33
This is the group financed by the U.N. which is researchinginto the risks of cancer of the stomach.
This is the U.N. financed stomach-cancer research group.