بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. CHILD ABUSE By Prof. Dr. Hana’a M. Abdel Rahman.
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Transcript of بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم. CHILD ABUSE By Prof. Dr. Hana’a M. Abdel Rahman.
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الرحمن الله الرحمن بسم الله بسمالرحيمالرحيم
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CHILD ABUSEBy
Prof. Dr. Hana’a M. Abdel Rahman
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Definition • Repeated, non accidental
injuries, sometimes fatal, caused through episodes of violence to children, by either parents or guardians.
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Characters of the family
• 1. Low educational level
• 2. Low economic life
• 3. Big family number
• 4. Family with stressful life events
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Characters of the parents
1. Young age
2. Emotionally immature and aggressive
3. Divorce
4. They are themselves battered children
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Characters of the Child
• 1. An annoying child
• 2. Hyperactive,• 3. Persistently soiling
himself• 4. Unwanted child
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Nature of Injuries
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Soft tissue injuries
*Face, neck & head especially ears and checks due to slapping
*Sides of the chest due to gripping of the victim while forcibly shaking
*Limbs & abdomen
* Bites are very common
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Soft tissue injuries
• Face, neck & head especially ears and checks due to slapping
• Sides of the chest due to gripping of the victim while forcibly shaking
• Limbs & abdomen• Bites are very common
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Eye injuries
• subconjunctival hemorrhage
• retinal detachment
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Head injuries
• very common and they are usually the cause of death. They are due to impact of the head against a solid object e.g., the earth. They are in the form of fissure fractures, subdural hemorrhage and brain damage.
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Visceral injuries
• e.g., rupture liver, intestine caused by direct blows on the abdomen
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Skeletal injuries
• X-ray may show rib or clavicle fractures, separation of epiphysis, elevated periosteum, subperiosteal hemorrhage and calcification.
• The Figure: Frontal radiograph of the chest demonstrates multiple rib fractures with callous formation, including a fracture of the left 2nd and 6th ribs posteriorly. Posterior rib fractures are highly suggestive of child
abuse (from forceful squeezing)
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Burns
Very common due to: Stubbing by cigarette
ends upon the skin Placing the child on a
hot stove
* Dipping the victim in hot fluid
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Diagnosis of battered child
• 1. Different types of injuries at the same time• 2. The injuries are usually of different ages• 3. Delay in seeking medical advice• 4. Discrepancy between the history given by
the parents and the physical findings on examination
• 5. Variability in parental explanation of these injuries
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