The Pacific Theater of World War II July 7 th, 1937-August 14 th, 1945.
Causes of the Cold War United Nations has its first meeting: April 25 th 1945 Officially sign...
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Transcript of Causes of the Cold War United Nations has its first meeting: April 25 th 1945 Officially sign...
United Nations has its first meeting:
April 25th 1945 Officially sign the charter to establish the UN on
June 26th. Harry Truman becomes president of the United States on April 12, 1945 because of the sudden death of FDR.Clement Attlee becomes the new British Prime Minister.
Changes
Opinions from the Yalta Conference do not count
here, which causes tension between the two great powers. Truman does not want to take reparations from
Germany per the agreement at Yalta. Soviets feel justified in taking the Eastern half of
Germany because of the devastation wrought upon their home soil. 20 million Russian deaths, half of whom were civilians. Holding this land would allow them to stop future
invasions from the west, if they ever came.
Potsdam Conference
Albania, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary,
Romania, and Poland. Can anyone tell me what kind of government
these countries had after World War II? They had Communist governments and became
Satellite nations of the USSR. A satellite nation is a nation that appears to be
sovereign, but is actually under the control of another nation.
Communism VS Democracy
Create a new world order in which all nations
had the right to self-determination. Gain Access to raw materials and markets for
its industries. Rebuild European governments to ensure
stability and to create new markets for American goods.
Reunite Germany, believing that Europe would be more secure if Germany were productive.
Goals of the United States
Encourage communism in other countries as
part of the worldwide struggle between workers and the wealthy.
Rebuild its war-ravaged economy using Eastern Europe’s industrial equipment and raw materials
Control Eastern Europe to balance U.S. influence in Western Europe.
Keep Germany divided and weak so that it would never again threaten the Soviet Union.
Goals of the Soviet Union
The Iron Curtain or Sinew of Peace Speech -- Winston
Churchill• Divided Europe Page
811
• Buffer ZoneSatellite Nations that are the eastern European nations.
• Early 1946 Stalin makes a speech announcing that communism and capitalism were incompatible—and that another war is inevitable.
Policy of Containment – Feb. 1946—
George Kennan An attempt to block Soviet expansion
by creating alliances & supporting weak nations
“Contain” Communism
Official U.S. Foreign Policy toward Soviet Union
United States’ Response
First attempt by the United States to stymie
communist growth March 1947 $400 million aid to Turkey & Greece
Give aid to any country opposing Communism Strengthen countries in order to fight off
Communism. p. 812 Boosted Anti-Communist feelings in America
“it must be the policy of the United States to support free peoples who are resisting attempted subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures.” -Truman
Truman Doctrine
Proposed in June 1947 European Recovery Plan Aid to all countries in Europe
Countered hunger, poverty, depression, and chaos
Promptly approved Feb. 1948 Soviet Union invaded and took over
Czechoslovakia $12.5 billion in aid – highly successful
Marshall Plan
A Divided Germany
AKA – Berlin Blockade
Soviets opposed German reunification West Berlin held hostage by Soviets
Cut off highway, water, and rail traffic City faced starvation
Food/Supplies flown into West Berlin 327 continuous days
Soviets lift blockade May 1949
Berlin Airlift
Federal Republic of Germany
Great Britain, U.S., & French Zones West Germany Capital: Bonn
German Democratic Republic Soviet Zone East Germany Capital: East Berlin
Reorganization of Germany
NATO
10 Western European nations U.S. and Canada An attack on one means an attack on all
Marks the end of United States’ isolationism 1st military alliance US joined during
peacetime
North Atlantic Treaty Organization