Δε ) / (c l) fileUppgift’5’(10p)’ ’...

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Tentamen i Biomätteknik (TFKE37), 9 januari 2014. Uppgift 1 (10p) For the acronyms FTIR, AUC, AFM, UV and MALDI: a) spell out the full name of the method described by the acronyms! b) For every method, suggest two properties of biomolecules that can be favorably analyzed using this method. Uppgift 2 (10p) Below you find four algebraic expressions. Choose any TWO of these expressions and for these two (and only these!), please describe to the best of your ability: a) what the algebraic expression concerns b) what property of the measurement is addressed in this expression c) how can the properties of this algebraic expression help the interpretation of the method, data and/or measurements? Δε = (ε L -ε R ) = (A L -A R ) / (c l)

Transcript of Δε ) / (c l) fileUppgift’5’(10p)’ ’...

Page 1: Δε ) / (c l) fileUppgift’5’(10p)’ ’ In’this’experiment,’aresearchgroupevaluatedthespecificdetailsofthep53’ peptide’segment’binding’to’MDM2’and’found’that

Tentamen  i  Biomätteknik  (TFKE37),  9  januari  2014.        Uppgift  1  (10p)      For  the  acronyms  FT-­‐IR,  AUC,  AFM,  UV  and  MALDI:  

a) spell  out  the  full  name  of  the  method  described  by  the  acronyms!    b) For  every  method,  suggest  two  properties  of  biomolecules  that  can  be  

favorably  analyzed  using  this  method.        Uppgift  2  (10p)      Below  you  find  four  algebraic  expressions.  Choose  any  TWO  of  these  expressions  and  for  these  two  (and  only  these!),  please  describe  to  the  best  of  your  ability:  

a) what  the  algebraic  expression  concerns  b) what  property  of  the  measurement  is  addressed  in  this  expression  c) how  can  the  properties  of  this  algebraic  expression  help  the  

interpretation  of  the  method,  data  and/or  measurements?        

     

       

Δε = (εL-εR) = (AL-AR) / (c • l)

   

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Uppgift  3  (12p)      It  has  been  found  that  inhibitors  of  the  MdmX-­‐P53  interaction  lower  the  viability  of  cancer  cells  which  could  be  a  novel  therapeutic  avenue  for  deriving  more  efficient  cancer  drugs.  To  evaluate  this  further,  a  research  group  set  up  an  assay  to  screen  for  compounds  inhibiting  the  p53-­‐MdmX-­‐interaction.      Using  the  figure  below  please  answer  the  following  questions:      

a) What  is  GFP?  What  should  ’BHQ1’  be?    b) Please  describe  the  strategy  that  this  group  has  taken  to  screen  their  

library  of  compounds.    c) Suggest  practical  concerns  when  screening  a  large  library  of  compounds  

and  motivate  why  fluorescence  is  a  good  choice  for  a  screen  like  this.    d) Why  is  the  fluorescence  intensity  lowered  on  increasing  the  p53-­‐probe  

concentration?  Explain  possible  designs  of  the  probe  part  of  the  p53  peptide  that  could  effectuate  this.    

e) Sketch  an  outline  of  the  expected  experimentable  result  curve  for  an  efficient  MdmX-­‐interacting,  p53-­‐inhibitory  compound  and  explain/motivate  why  you  believe  that  the  results  should  look  like  this.    

                                                 Tsuganezawa,  K.,  Nakagawa,  Y.,  Kato,  M.,  Taruya,  S.,  Takahashi,  F.,  Endoh,  M.,  et  al.  (2013).  A  fluorescent-­‐based  high-­‐throughput  screening  assay  for  small  molecules  that  inhibit  the  interaction  of  MdmX  with  p53.  Journal  of  biomolecular  screening,  18(2),  191–198.                

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Uppgift  4  (12p)      In  this  experiment,  the  p53  binding  of  a  relative  of  MdmX  called  MDM2  was  assayed.  In  particular,  the  role  of  the  MDM2  N-­‐terminal  residues  for  efficient  p53  binding  was  assayed.      

a) What  method  was  used  in  the  figure  below?  Name  and  acronym!  b) Explain  how  the  experiment  was  performed  by  describing  the  various  

features  of  the  response  curves  in  the  figure  below.    c) What  is  shown  in  the  inset  figures?  What  do  the  dots  and  line  represent?  

How  do  you  use  such  a  representation  of  data  to  derive  binding  constants?    

d) One  of  the  experiments  shows  a  higher  affinity  than  the  other.  Can  you,  by  simply  looking  at  the  experimental  curves,  suggest  a  reason  for  this?  Please  motivate!    

e) What  seems  to  be  the  role  of  the  N-­‐terminal  residues  in  MDM2  with  respect  to  p53  binding?  How  can  this  be  affected  by  N-­‐terminal  phosphorylation?    

                                                           Zhan,  C.,  Varney,  K.,  Yuan,  W.,  Zhao,  L.,  &  Lu,  W.  (2012).  Interrogation  of  MDM2  phosphorylation  in  p53  activation  using  native  chemical  ligation:  the  functional  role  of  Ser17  phosphorylation  in  MDM2  reexamined.  Journal  of  the  American  Chemical  Society,  134  (15),  6855–6864.      

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Uppgift  5  (10p)      In  this  experiment,  a  research  group  evaluated  the  specific  details  of  the  p53  peptide  segment  binding  to  MDM2  and  found  that  mutations  in  p53  position  12  affected  binding.  A  selection  of  experiments  with  mutations  at  position  12  is  shown  below.      

a) Which  technique  was  used?  Name  and  acronym!  b) Explain  the  fundamentals  of  this  technique  (describe  equipment  setup  

and  how  is  the  experiment  is  performed,  what  is  measured  and  how,  how  are  results  evaluated;  in  particular  explain  difference  between  top  and  bottom  panels  below).    

c) Based  on  the  results  shown  below,  did  the  affinity  increase  or  decrease  with  the  mutations?  Motivate  your  answer  by  analysing  the  experimental  diagrams.    

d) What  further  difference  can  you  see  when  comparing  the  results  for  p53Ala  and  p53Asn?  What  could  be  the  reason  for  this?      

 

     Brown,  C.  J.,  Dastidar,  S.  G.,  Quah,  S.  T.,  Lim,  A.,  Chia,  B.,  &  Verma,  C.  S.  (2011).  C-­‐terminal  substitution  of  MDM2  interacting  peptides  modulates  binding  affinity  by  distinctive  mechanisms.  PloS  one,  6(8),  e24122.      Uppgift  6  (10p)    The  following  methods  depend  on  the  mass  of  the  molecule/protein  for  their  measurement  response:  SPR,  AUC,  Fluorescence  anisotropy,  MALDI  and  SDS-­‐PAGE.    

a) For  each  method,  describe  how  this  depends  on  moleular  weight  and  how  the  molecular  weight  dependence  is  detected  experimentally.      

b) For  each  method,  give  me  one  mass-­‐related,  method-­‐specific  advantage  and  one  mass-­‐related,  method-­‐specific  disadvantage  in  studying  biomolecules!    

 

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     Uppgift  7  (16p)      The  p53  protein  is  essential  for  normal  cell  growth,  and  therefore,  mechanisms  that  increase  its  destruction  by  proteosomal  degradation  increase  the  risk  for  cancer.  In  this  work,  scientists  propose  a  region  of  interaction  for  proteins  involved  in  p53  degradation  and  assay  this  region  by  means  of  mutations  and  biophysical  techniques.  The  region  studied  is  highlighted  (figure  at  right),  and  results  obtained  from  two  of  the  mutants  are  shown  below  in  figure  A-­‐C.      

a) What  methods  have  been  used  below?  Names  and  acronyms!    b) Describe  the  results  obtained  in  figures  A-­‐B.  How  were  they  recorded?  

What  differs  between  the  ways  of  measuring  in  figure  A  compared  to  figure  B?  What  different  types  of  information  can  be  obtained  from  these  two  panels  of  results?  How  is  this  information  evaluated?    

c) Describe  results  obtained  in  figure  C.  Do  they  agree  with  results  in  A+B?    d) Compare  the  efforts  required  in  terms  of  protein  sample  preparation  for  

experiments  A-­‐B  compared  to  experiment  C.  Which  experiment  is  more  demanding  with  respect  to  protein  sample  preparation?  Why?    

e) When  looking  at  p53  protein  interactions,  what  additional  information  could  be  obtained  in  the  more  demanding  experiment?  Describe!    

Bernard,  X.,  Robinson,  P.,  Nominé,  Y.,  Masson,  M.,  Charbonnier,  S.,  Ramirez-­‐Ramos,  J.  R.,  et  al.  (2011).  Proteasomal  degradation  of  p53  by  human  papillomavirus  E6  oncoprotein  relies  on  the  structural  integrity  of  p53  core  domain.  PloS  one,  6(10),  e25981.