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![Page 1: b Polarization Measurement at ATLAS Michela Biglietti 1 on behalf of the ATLAS b working group: Eduard De La Cruz Burelo 2, Claudio Ferretti 2, Homer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f275503460f94c3e47d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
b Polarization Measurement at ATLAS
b Polarization Measurement at ATLAS
Michela Biglietti1
on behalf of the ATLAS b working group:Eduard De La Cruz Burelo2,
Claudio Ferretti2,Homer A Neal2, Natalia Panikashvili2,4 Mária
Smizanská3, Shlomit Tarem4
1. INFN Naples, Italy2. University of Michigan, USA3. University of Lancaster, UK
4. Technion Institute of Technology, Israel
Beauty 2005 - 10th International Conference on B-Physics at Hadron Machines - June 20 - 24 2005, Assisi, Italy.
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b Production at LHC
Due to the parity conservation in the strong interactions, at LHC b can be produced with polarization orthogonal to the production plane
... but why polarization ? Large number of unanswered
questions about the role of spin in production of hyperons at high energies which we wish to explore
hyperon (uds)Why is the polarization is so
large ?Why is the shape so unusual ?
bhyperon (udb)Are the mechanisms of and b
polarization different ?Are the s and b production
mechanisms similar ? Does the polarization depend on
quark mass?K. Heller, Procedings of the 9th International Symposium
on High Energy Physics, Bonn (1990)
![Page 3: b Polarization Measurement at ATLAS Michela Biglietti 1 on behalf of the ATLAS b working group: Eduard De La Cruz Burelo 2, Claudio Ferretti 2, Homer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f275503460f94c3e47d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
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b Decay
The considered decay, b J/pis characterizes by 4 helicity amplitudes and the asymmetry parameter b caused by the parity non conservation of the weak interactions 1/21/2 +1
Α(1/2,1)b
1)1/2,Α(b
1/2,0)Α(a
Α(1/2,0)a
2222
2222
bbbaa
bbaa
helicity amplitudes and asymmetry parameter b not yet measured
they can, in principle, be predicted using PQCD, and thus be a tool to test theoretical models and to search for new physics
Other interesting studies for this decay channel Lifetime of b hyperon
CP violation in baryons
![Page 4: b Polarization Measurement at ATLAS Michela Biglietti 1 on behalf of the ATLAS b working group: Eduard De La Cruz Burelo 2, Claudio Ferretti 2, Homer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f275503460f94c3e47d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
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b in ATLAS
For Low luminosity operations
L= 1033 cm-2 s-1
∫L= 10fb -1 O(1012) b
per year
In the first 3 years O(105) b J/p
(ATLAS TDR estimation)
The world’s biggest sample so far is ~ O(102) bJp
p(7 TeV)
p(7 TeV)
b
J/
p
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Measurement of b J/
The b polarization (Pb) and decay parameters can be determined from the angular distributions p.d.f. of the cascade decay
bJ/()(p) p.d.f. depends on 5 angles + 6 parameters of 4 complex helicity amplitudes and polarization Pb ( 7
unknowns).
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What angular distributions do we expect?
P = 0%
P = -40%
P = 40%
Cos() Cos() Cos()
Probability distributions:
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A Model for b Decay
The general amplitude for the decay b J/ is given by:
* - polarization vector of the vector meson (J/)
A1, A2, B1, B2 - complex decay amplitudes are calculable within the framework of PQCD models using factorization theorems (Phys. Rev. D65:074030, 2002, hep-ph/0112145) Helicity amplitudes related to A1, A2, B1, B2:
,215251 )(pΛm
pBγBγ
m
pAγγA)(p)ε(pΛM
b
b
b
b
b
ΛbΛ
μΛμ
Λ
μΛμ
ψJ
*μΛ
Units x10-
10
b = - 0.457a+ = -0.0176 - 0.4290ia- = 0.0867 + 0.2454ib+ = -0.0810 - 0.2837ib- = 0.0296 + 0.8124i
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Generation of Polarized b
In order to study the feasibility of measuring b polarization in ATLAS we have developed a way to make polarized b in EvtGen
EvtGen: originally written in BaBar and CLEO, now also in MC/LCG project
package providing a framework for implementation of processes relevant to B physicsuses spinor algebra and helicity amplitudes
it’s possible to set the polarization of the particle before the particle is decayed .. and obtain the correct angular distributions
PythiaPythia
HepMCHepMC
EvtGen uses spinor algebra and helicity amplitudesEvtGen uses spinor algebra and helicity amplitudes
1. Set polarization
2. Two body decay by specifying the helicity amplitudes for the final state particles
b-Baryons
First ever adaptation of EvtGen as a generator of polarized baryons
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EvtGen Cross Check
5 angular distributions are generated using both the probability function and using the full amplitude feature in EvtGen
cos()Slope~0
cos()
HelAmpProb
cos()Slope~b∙P
Blue squares are events generated according to probability function
Red circles are events generated with helicity amplitudes in EvtGen
Very good agreement between the angular Very good agreement between the angular distributions generated with EvtGen and the distributions generated with EvtGen and the
probability density function!probability density function!
Pb=-40%
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Data Simulation, Reconstruction and Analysis
Events generated with Pythia/EvtGenseveral input modelsProduction cuts:
pT() > 2.5GeV, pT() > 4.0GeV,
pT (/p) > 0.5 GeV, ||< 2.7
Full simulation in ATLAS detector with Geant4 Recostruction
Dedicated algorithm for low pT muons developed Better efficiency for J/ identification
Inner Detector tracking and vertexing algorithms for and b identificationAngular distributions determination
AnalysisMC toy for "fast" predictionsMaximum Likehood method to measure Pb and b decay parameters
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Event Reconstruction J/mass
mass
b mass
= 80% = 40.5 MeV
= 40% = 2.8 MeV
= 28% = 21.5 MeV
= rec efficiency from Gaussian fits = rec efficiency from Gaussian fits
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Angular distributions in ATLAS detector
Cos() Cos() Cos()
Reconstructed anglevsGenerated angle
P=-100%
ATLAS acceptance modifies the angular distributions and increases the difficulty of the measurement
ATLAS acceptance modifies the angular distributions and increases the difficulty of the measurement
![Page 13: b Polarization Measurement at ATLAS Michela Biglietti 1 on behalf of the ATLAS b working group: Eduard De La Cruz Burelo 2, Claudio Ferretti 2, Homer.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062721/56649f275503460f94c3e47d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
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Angular Resolutions
Cos(rec)-Cos(gen)
AnglesGaussian fit
mrad
cos 2
cos 21
32
cos 3
13
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Maximum Likelihood (ML) Method
')',(),,(
)',(),,(),,'(
ddTAw
dTAwAwobs
where:
P
b
b
a
a
A
,,
2
2
1
1
θ’: Measured anglesθ : Generated angles
)',()',()',(
RT
R(θ,θ’) is the resolutionε(θ,θ’) is the acceptance correction
ML Mehod :
dFi )()(Acceptance correction normalization : i=0...19
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The ML results (Toy MC sample + angular resolution from reconstruction + detector acceptance)
only statistical uncertainties are shown
Pb = - 20%
b,Pχ,φ,φ,,r,rα 10b
Pb = - 40%
b,Pχ,φ,φ,,r,rα 10b
Parameter PullsParameter Pulls Parameter PullsParameter Pulls
Maximum Likelihood Results
b
22
1
22
0b P;ββχ;βαφ;βαφ;aar;aar;α
In the problem we have 9 parameters: P and four complex amplitudes
The normalization + global phase constraint 7 independent parameters
iβiβiαiα ebb,ebb,eaa,eaa
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Decoupling P and b
bPcos() – dominant term The 5 angle method allows to
decouple P and b.
Estimating the statistical uncertainties
b can be measured with good precision even if P~0.
2) Small uncertainty (P), even for P~0.
statistical uncertainty of bstatistical uncertainty of bstatistical uncertainty of Pstatistical uncertainty of P
P P
correletion of b and Pcorreletion of b and P
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Summary and OutlookWe have done an extensive study of the feasibility of measuring b parameters in ATLAS:
Generator model in EvtGen for producing polarized b in ATLAS
b reconstruction from their decay into ’s and J/
Polarization and amplitudes extraction from the decay anglesEffects of angular resolution on the determination of the parameters Correlations between b and polarization
Future plansmake background studies continue to develop likelihood fitting proceduresincorporate trigger in analysismake Lifetime feasibility studiesdevelop plans for CP studies
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Backup...
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Acceptance Effects
ATLAS acceptance modifies the angular distributions
ATLAS acceptance modifies the angular distributions
It’s possible to correct distorted angular distributions with weight factors
generated distributionsgenerated after cutsafter corrections
cos() cos()cos()
Cuts @ Generator Level:
pT(p,)>0.5 GeV
pT()>2.5, 4 GeV
||<2.7
To calculate the corrections, phase space events (without any model or cuts) are used
pro
ton p
t (M
eV
)
cos()
cut
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Backgrounds
Dominated by J/from b-hadrons + from heavier hadrons and fragmentation
fake and combinatorial background found negligible in similar topologies (B0 J/ Ks)
real J/ from cascade decay estimated at percent level (ex. Ξb
-,0 Ξ-,0 J/-,0J/)
B0 J/ Ks where a proton mass is given to a p rejected with mass constraints
for non direct b from b; try to reconstructb to reduce the diluition of polarization