-Asif Ali Zardari - Regime

8/10/2019 -Asif Ali Zardari - Regime

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Presented byAbeer Fatima 10528


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Introduction Asif Ali Zardari was born on 26 July 1955 in Karachi,

Sindh.

He is a Pakistani politician and co-chairperson of

Pakistan Peoples Party.

He served as the 11th President of Pakistan from 2008to 2013.

He is the first ever democratically elected president of

Pakistan to have completed his five year tenure.

As the Co-Chairman of the PPP, he led his party to

victory in the 2008 general elections. Between 1993 and 1996, he held various cabinet

positions in the second Bhutto Administration including

Federal Investment Minister, Director General of

Intelligence Bereau and head of Federal Investigation Agency.


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Highlights 7th NFC Award: . Creating consensus on a landmark National Finance Commission (NFC) Award.

The NFC Award along with the 18th Constitutional Amendment is aimed at giving the provinces moreautonomy and decentralizing the authority and finances from the center to the provinces.

The autonomy package for Gilgit-Baltistan introduced by the PPP Government . The area has now anautonomous status with a chief minister and a governor. President Zardari also signed a

memorandum of understanding with China for a 7000-MW power project in Gilgit-Baltistan.

18th Amendment

Provincial autonomy

Passed a number of laws, like the Industrial Relations Act 2008, the Prevention of Domestic ViolenceAct, 2008, The Protection Against Harassment of Women at Workplace Act,2009, the Removal from

Service(Special Powers) Ordinance 2000 (Repeal) Act,2010, the Services Tribunal( Amendment) Act,2010 etc.

Launching of Benazir Income Support Programme to alleviate poverty and increasing gasdevelopment surcharge for Balochistan.

At the international front Zardari stressed the need to further strengthen Pakistans relations withChina and to normalise relations with India.


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Agriculture: The Benazir Tractor scheme, The Benazir Credit CardScheme and Crop Loan Insurance schemes were introduced for thebenefit of the farmers.

The government initiated the construction of 300,000 low-cost housesfor the poor under Benazir Behan Basti scheme.

Zardari signed the Nizam-e-Adalregulation and once it failed heordered operation against the terrorists. Pakistani flag was hoisted in

Swat. Within 3-months of the completion of the operation, 3.5 millionIDPs returned to Swat safely.


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Economic crisis From 14 to 17th of October, 2008 he was in China to negotiate foreign aid, as Pakistan

faced the possibility of defaulting on its payments. China refused to offer any aidcommitments but instead promised to provide assistance in the development of twonuclear power plants and more future business investments.

After Saudi Arabia, Britain, China, the United States and the United Arab Emiratesrefused to provide any bailout he officially asked the International Monetary Fund (IMF)for assistance in solving Pakistan's balance of payments problem on October 22.

Due to our decrease in GDP rate, no country was ready to give aid for our financing

needs. Due to conditions of IMF, the government imposed high tariffs rates on consumerand domestic goods which created extreme economic crisis for our country.


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Economic crisis He went to Saudi Arabia from 4 to 6 November in hopes of obtaining financial

aid and securing trade agreements. However, leaked cables revealedincreasingly strained relations between Zardari and Saudi royalty, primarilybecause ofSaudi distrust of Zardari and preference for Sharif.

In mid-November 2008, Zardari's government officially sent a letter of intent tothe IMF regarding a bailout to help increase its foreign exchange reserves and a$11.3 billion multi-year loan package, Pakistan received a $7.4 billion loan for200810. The IMF stipulated stringent reform conditions, which includedrebuilding the tax structure and privatizing state enterprises.

Karachi, Pakistans main port and its economic heart, has turned into a killingzone, with on average a dozen bullet-ridden corpses turning up every day,victims of a relentless turf war among politically connected gangs. The PPP hasfought on the streets of Karachi with two other political parties, the AwamiNational Party and the Muttahida Quami Movement, even as it has sat merrilyin coalition government with them in Islamabad, the capital.


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United States expanded its campaign of targetedkillings by remotely piloted drones in PakistansFederally Administered Tribal Areas.

The price of oil was expected to be in the range of 70-75 dollars per barrel. However, the prices rose to $125per barrel during the year. This severely impacted the

supply of electricity and threatened the stability of theeconomy

Severely impacted the supply of electricity andthreatened the stability of the economy


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Foreign policyRelations with India In mid-November 2008, he suggested Pakistan was ready for a no-

first-use nuclear policyand called for closer economic ties.

Mumbai attacks were a major reason in deteriorating the relationshipsbetween the two countries.

Our government was initially cleared of all the direct involvement inthe attacks but simultaneously demanded the extradition of 20Pakistanis which it alleged had taken part in them.

In June 2009, Zardari met Singh for the first time since the Mumbaiattacks at a Shanghai Cooperation Organization summit in Russia.


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Foreign Policy Diplomatic relations with Afghan President Hamid Karzai improved after

Musharraf's departure and Zardari's rise to power.

The Obama administration'sAfPak policy reflected the unified approach theUnited States took in dealing with Afghanistan and Pakistan.

In his first visit to Afghanistan as President in early January 2009, Zardaripromised a renewed relationship to improve cooperation. In late March, Obamaannounced a civilian aid package of $7.5 billion over five years in return forcooperation in the AfPak conflict.

In February 2009, FATA's provincial government officially declared Islamic lawin Swat to achieve a ceasefire with the northwestern Pashtun tribes.

Zardari did not sign the Swat ceasefire until mid-April, when domestic pressurefrom Parliament mounted. By the end of April, the agreement collapsed as thePakistani military pursued an unpopular offensive in the neighbouring Dirdistrict.

In September 2010, Zardari and Karzai met in Islamabad and both advocatedfighting insurgents rather than trying to end the war with diplomacy.


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Reinstatement of the judiciary In February 2009, Zardari and the Musharraf-appointed Supreme Court

attempted to disqualify Nawaz Sharif from running in any elections and triedto force his brother Shahbaz Sharif to resign as Chief Minister of Punjabprovince

Zardari dismissed the Punjab provincial government and only partiallyreinstated the judiciary by restoring 56 other judges deposed by Musharrafbut not their former leader, Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhary.

The Sharif brothers vowed to join forces with the Lawyers' Movement in theLong March

Ten judges were reinstated on March 16 and Chaudhary assumed his positionon March 22.


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18thAmendment

Reduction of Presidential powers Zardari was a beneficiary of National Reconciliation Ordinance (NRO) - a dubious law

enacted by President Musharraf to hold on to power during his last days. This infamouslaw was promulgated under a deal with the Americans to wipe out corruption casesagainst Benazir Bhutto and others to enable her to share power with Musharraf.

In late November 2009, Zardari ceded to Prime Minister Gillani the chairmanship ofthe National Command Authority.

In December 2009, the Supreme Court ruled that the National Reconciliation Ordinanceamnesty was unconstitutional, which cleared the way for the revival of corruption casesagainst Zardari because his earlier corruption cases challenged the legality of hispresidency.

In January 2010, the Supreme Court ordered Pakistan's government to reopen Zardari's

corruption charges in Switzerland. That same month, Zardari won a key victory againstthe judiciary over his corruption trials when Geneva Attorney General Daniel Zappellistated that Zardari can not be prosecuted under international laws because ofhis presidential immunity.

In February 2010, Zardari sparked a standoff by attempting to appoint a Supreme Courtcandidate without the court's approval, but the confrontation ended after he backed downand nominated a candidate acceptable by the court


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In April 2010, after months of political pressure, the government passed the 18thAmendment, which reduced the President to a ceremonial figurehead by stripping theoffice of the power to dissolve Parliament, to dismiss the Prime Minister, and to appointmilitary chiefs. After the 18th Amendment, Zardari's main power derived from hisposition as leader of the PPP, which controls the largest bloc in Parliament.

In early January 2011, Zardari signed the 19th Amendment, which lessened the likelihoodof future clashes between the President and the judiciary by strengthening the power ofthe Chief Justice in deciding judicial appointments.

In November 2012, the Pakistan government in response to the court orders, finally wroteto the Swiss authorities seeking to reopen the corruption cases against Zardari.


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Floods-2010 In the summer of 2010 Pakistan faced the most destructive floods in

the countrys recorded history.

By mid-August more than 1,500 Pakistanis had died as a result of therivers extraordinary flooding, and, with some one-fourth of thecountry touched by the floods, many millions more were affected to

various degrees.

Many in the international community helped us both through the UN

and through bilateral support. These included the US, Japan, UK,China, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, UAE and others

A program of Cash Compensation was launched for giving Rs. 160billion.


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Abbottabad incidence On May 2, 2011, a U.S. military operation in Pakistan killed Osama bin

Laden, the leader of the al-Qaeda network.

Bin Ladens presence inAbbottabad threatened to add new tension tothe often-troubled security alliance between the United States andPakistan.

After bin Ladens death, the news that he had in fact lived in a large

compound in an aff luent area near the Pakistan Military Academy, oneof the countrys most prestigious military institutes, raised questionsabout how his presence could have escaped the notice of Pakistanssecurity forces.


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The other side of the story The circular debt kept on increasing despite injections of the government,

which built pressure on fiscal side.

Karachi is the main hub of the economic activities, faced the series of attacks aswell as similar incidence occurred in Punjab, KPK and Balochistan. Inretaliation to these attacks and terrorists activities long and big sit down stageprotests took place which sent a bad signal to outside world about theinsecurity prevailing in the country.

Investment dropped to 14.2% if to compare with 2008 when it was hoveringaround 19.21 %

During FY12 and FY13 the power shortage became so severe that it wiped out2% from our GDP.


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The growth in industrial sector increased on the back of recovery in large scalemanufacturing, construction and mining and quarrying. Amid of severe energycrisis, the LSM performed well. The data of March FY13 suggests a growth 9.3%on YoY basis and 4.3% on average July-March FY 13.

Five years the economy faced myriad challenges on : external and internal front including power crisis,

persistent inflationary pressures, ,unprecedented

floods , low tax to GDP ratio, high fiscal deficit,

mounting public debt, high interest payments, high growth in subsidies on account of circular debt and

Increasing drone attacks

Lack of law and order

Increased target killings


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The tax structure incentivized maximum tax evasion.Additionally some sectors were under taxed and somesectors are not taxed at all, contributing to low taxbase.

Agriculture only contributed 2.5% to tax howevercontributes much greater to the GDP.

Custom duty to indirect taxes increased. Sales tax share increased


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Key figures Exports have continued to register upward trend

despite the high base of 2011 exports of 30 per cent risethat touched record figure of $25.5 billion.

He said the government policies for expatriatePakistanis resulted in robust growth of remittances

which rose from $6 billion in 2007 to nearly $12 billionin 2012.


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GDP Growth

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

5.5

5

0.4

2.6

3.7

4.4

3.6

GDP Growth (%)

GDP Growth (%)


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Sectoral Contribution to GDP

Growth (%)Sector 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

Agriculture 0.41 0.76 0.05 0.43 0.75 0.72

Industry 1.81 -1.15 0.71 0.99 0.56 0.73

Manufacturing 0.87 -0.6 0.19 0.34 0.29 0.46

Services 2.77 0.75 1.81 2.24 3.05 2.14

Real GDP (Fc) 4.99 0.36 2.58 3.66 4.36 3.59

Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics


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Fiscal Deficit

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

5.2

6.26.5 6.8

4.7

Fiscal Deficit

Fiscal Deficit


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Trade The government started the three year policy cycle and

presented its first Strategic Trade Policy Framework 2009-12 inSeptember 2009. STPF 2009-12 achieved its export targets at theend of 2010-2011.

In spite of various challenges faced by economy, our tradeshowed consistent improvement. Our exports increased by 27percent in the year 2010-11 and touched a record level of US $25.4 billion.

There was a slight fall of 4.7 percent in exports during 2011-12,due to external factors like shrinkage in global demand in wakeof the global financial crisis and lower prices of cotton in theinternational market etc.


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-10

-5

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

Exports(growth)


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Money and credit During July-10th May 2012-13, money supply increased by

9.9 percent against the growth of 9.1 percent in thecomparable period last year on account of improvement in

Net foreign assets, The improvement in NFA however, was mainly on account

of realization of $1.8 billion under the Coalition SupportFund (CSF) during the first half of 2012-13.

A declining trend was witnessed in the banking spread, asit reduced to 4.45 percent in February, 2013, while it rose to5.25 percent in March, 2013.


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CPI Inflation

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13

17

10.1

13.7

10.8

7.8

CPI Inflation

CPI Inflation

Source: Pakistan Bureau of Statistics


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My Opinion

President Zardari has pursued politics of reconciliation. Hetried strengthened democracy and had accomplishmentsin the government legislation.

Unfortunately, the people of Pakistan have seen theirsituation deteriorate significantly terms of basics likeaccess to jobs, electricity, water and sense of security in thelast 5 years. Fruits of democracy have been harvested by

the politicians, the judges and the media but remain out ofreach of the ordinary people. As a result, the people havedealt a heavy defeat to President Zardari's Pakistan People'sParty, and sent him packing.

-Asif Ali Zardari - Regime

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