An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O)...
-
Upload
kelley-glenn -
Category
Documents
-
view
217 -
download
0
Transcript of An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O)...
![Page 1: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
ACIDS AND BASES
![Page 2: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Acids An acid is a substance that
produces hydrogen ions (H+) when in solution with water
Water (H2O) is made up of even amounts of H+ and OH- ions. Water is NEUTRAL because of this. When an acid dissolves in water, this changes the amount of H+ ions.
Examples of acids include hydrochloric acid, citric acid, acetic acid (vinegar)
![Page 3: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Properties of Acids
The more H+ ions it produces, the more acidic the solution
Strong acids are very dangerous. They have a high H+ concentration.
Weak acids are less dangerous. They have a low H+ concentration
![Page 4: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Acids
Acids occur naturally in many fruits Sore muscles and sour milk are
cause by the same acid (lactic acid) Acids add a tangy, sour flavours to
foods and drinks Some are deadly!
![Page 5: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Bases A base is a substance that
produces hydroxide ions (OH-) when in solution with water.
When a base is added to water it increases the amount of OH- ions
Another word for basic is alkaline Example: Sodium hydroxide
(NaOH)
![Page 6: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Properties of Bases
The more OH- ions it produces, the more basic (alkaline) the solution
Strong bases are as dangerous as strong acids. They have a high OH-
concentration. Similarly, weak bases are like weak
acids with a low OH- concentration
![Page 7: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Bases
Bases are bitter-tasting compounds They have a slippery feel Bases are in most soaps, drain and
window cleaners. They can be found in many
pharmaceutical drugs Some bases are deadly!
![Page 8: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
pH Scale
pH means “power of the hydrogen ion”
A pH scale is a measure of the acidity of a solution
In pH the “p” is always lower case, even at the start of a sentence.
![Page 9: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
pH scale
The pH scale has a useful range of numbers between 0 and 14.
A solution with a pH of 7 is neutral (like water)
Below pH 7, a solution is acidic Above pH 7, it is basic
![Page 10: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
pH Scale
![Page 11: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Paper testing Paper tests like litmus paper and pH
paper
![Page 12: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
pH meter
Tests the voltage of the electrolyte
Converts the voltage to pH Very cheap, accurate Must be calibrated with a buffer
solution
![Page 13: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
pH indicators Indicators are dyes that can be
added that will change color in the presence of an acid or base.
Some indicators only work in a specific range of pH
Once the drops are added, the sample is ruined
Some dyes are natural, like radish skin or red cabbage
![Page 14: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Neutralization When an acid and a base react
together their pH becomes neutral.
Acid + base salt + waterEx: HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
This is a double displacement!
![Page 15: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
ACID-BASE NEUTRALISATION
Neutralisation Reaction:Acid + Base Salt + Water
Ex: HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
The acid and base neutralise each other creating a salt and water
Must be equal concentrations of acid and base
![Page 16: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Actually a Double Displacement Reaction!
HNO3 + KOH KNO3 + H2O
HF + NaOH NaF + H2O
HCl + Ca(OH)2 CaCl2 + H2O 2 2
acid + base salt + water
![Page 17: An acid is a substance that produces hydrogen ions (H + ) when in solution with water Water (H 2 O) is made up of even amounts of H + and OH - ions.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062322/56649e9f5503460f94ba1412/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
1. Ba(OH)2 + H3PO4
2. HC2H3O2 + NaOH
3. H2SO4 + KOH
4. H2CO3 + NaOH
5. Na2CO3 + HCl