ALL nouns in Spanish are either MASCULINE OR FEMININE.

Nouns that refer to males are masculine, those that refer to females are feminine.

Most nouns that end in –o are masculine. Most nouns that end in –a are feminine. Nouns that end in –d or –ión are feminine.

If a noun or adjective ends in a VOWEL, add an –s to make it plural.

If a noun or adjective ends in a CONSONANT, add an –es to make it plural.

If a noun or adjective ends in a –z, change the –z to –c and add –es.

Nouns show number – if you are talking about one person/place/thing/idea, the noun is singular.

If you are talking about more than one person/place/thing/idea, the noun is plural (it will end in an –s).

The definite article, the, is expressed four ways in Spanish to agree with the noun in NUMBER and GENDER

Singular Plural Masculine el los Feminine la las

Once there is a male in the group, the masculine plural is used!

Adjectives describe nouns. They must match the GENDER and NUMBER

of the nouns they describe. In Spanish, adjectives usually follow the

noun.

Masculine adjectives often end in –o.◦El chico guapo

Feminine adjectives often end in –a.◦La chica guapa

Most adjectives that end with –e or a consonant refer to both genders.◦El chico paciente◦La chica paciente

Adjectives must agree in number with the nouns that they describe.

Make adjectives plural the same way that you make nouns plural: if the adjective ends in a vowel, add –s, and if it ends in a consonant, add –es.

Ramona es _______.

Gloria es _______.

Los amigos son ________.

Jorge es ______.

bajo

bonita

rubia

altos

bonita

rubia

altos

bajo