Alcohol- drug that is produced by a chemical reaction in fruits, vegetables and grains

Depressants- drugs that slow down the body’s functions and reactions

the concentration of alcohol in a beverage is the proof value

Proof value = 2X percentage alcohol. E.g. 100 proof (whiskey) contains 50%

alcohol

12 oz beer 5 oz wine 1 oz of a “shot’ 80 proof alcohol Current recommendations are:

◦ 1 drink/day for women◦ 2 drinks/day for men

1/3 are abstainers 2/3 are drinkers

◦ 1/3 are light drinkers◦ 1/3 are moderate/heavy drinkers

10% of the drinking population is considered heavy drinkers- they are responsible for 50% of all alcohol consumption in the US!!!!!!!!!

Annual Sales of alcohol average out to roughly 2.3 gallons of absolute alcohol per person

Research has shown that alcohol use can interfere with long and short term growth

Can harm the brains ability to learn and ability to remember

Increases the risk of social problems, depression, suicidal thoughts and violence

Arrested, fined or sent to youth detention 1/3 of all teen traffic deaths are related to

alcohol

• Binge Drinking- consumption of large quantities of alcohol in short period of time (2 hours)

• 4 drinks for women• 5 drinks for men• http://player.discoveryeducation.com/index.cfm?gui

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• Alcohol poisoning- dangerous condition that results when a person drinks excessive amount of alcohol over a short period of time

20% rapidly absorbed into bloodstream 75 % through upper part of the small

intestine and the rest enters further along in the intestinal tract.

Metabolism of alcohol is in the liver. 2-10% is not metabolized but is excreted

through the sweat glands, lungs and kidneys.

Intoxication- a person’s mental and physical abilities have been impaired by alcohol

Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) – measure of the amount of alcohol present in a person’s blood◦ .02% makes people feel light headed◦ .08% enough to make it dangerous to drive

(legally intoxicated)

Strength of the beverage Number of drinks consumed Speed of consumption What you are mixing it with Presence of food in stomach Gender and body size Physical tolerance Body chemistry / General health Combining with other drugs

Percentage of alcohol in a measured amount of blood

Measured from exhaled breath or blood sample

Mouth: absorbed through lining which goes directly to blood, increases mouth and throat cancer

Stomach: irritates lining and increase acid causing swelling and ulcers which lead to bleeding. Weakens the valve from stomach to esophagus causing heartburn

Liver: if alcohol is frequently in blood, liver cells die causing Fatty Liver fat builds up in liver and cannot be

broken downCirrhosis- disease characterized by scarring and

eventual destruction of liver

Brain: disrupts parts of brain responsible for memory and problem solving…unlike many other kinds of cells, brain cells do NOT grow back

Heart: damages heart muscle, causing it to weaken and enlarge which leads to high BP. Increasing risk of congestive heart failure and stroke

Normal Normal healthy liverhealthy liver

Liver with Liver with cirrhosiscirrhosis

Fetus is exposed to alcohol in a slower manner than an adult

Damage results in mental retardation

Other characteristics are low birth weight, facial abnormalities, widely spaced eyes, and a much smaller head.

Full expression rate: 1-3 out of 1000 births

Partial expression rate: 3-9/100 births

Regular daily intake of large amounts Regular heavy drinking limited to weekends Long periods of sobriety interspersed with

periods of binge drinking lasting weeks or months

Heavy drinking limited to periods of stress

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