~ AKS 30a ~ Summarize the impact of the Neolithic Revolution
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Humans Try to Control Nature
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The Stone Age•Scientists divide the Stone Age into 2 parts:– The Paleolithic Age
•AKA “Old Stone Age”•2.5 million B.C. to 8000 B.C.
– The Neolithic Age •AKA “New Stone Age”•8000 B.C. to 3000 B.C.
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The First Humans
• They faced two major struggles for survival:– Finding food– Protecting themselves
• They used fire, built shelters, made clothes, and developed spoken language.
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What is a Nomad?
• People who lived in the early part of the Old Stone Age.
• They moved from place to place in search of food.
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Hunter-gatherers
• Nomads found food by hunting for meat and gathering nuts, berries and roots.
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Cro-Magnon Tools
• Cro-Magnon people used tools to hunt.
• They were advanced hunters.
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Cro-Magnon Art
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QUICK QUESTION:
In what ways did Cro-Magnon
people change human culture?
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The Beginnings of Agriculture
• Humans lived in small groups of 25 to 70 people.
• Some humans were throwing leftover seeds out into the fields. Their tribe would move on, and when they would return a year later they would find plants where they had thrown the seeds!!!
• This discovery is also known as…
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Scientist think that . . . .
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So what? Who cares?EVERYONE!!!!
Finally, instead of relying on
GATHERING food, people began to
PRODUCE their own food. Now they don’t have to live the
nomadic lifestyle anymore!! They can SETTLE!!!!
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How did life change after the Neolithic Revolution?
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Farming Villages Grow into Cities
• New advanced farming tools were created to make farming more efficient and less time consuming…..
• Whenever food can be produced at a faster rate, the POPULATION will INCREASE!!! – More food = More people!!!
• Example – Slash and Burn Farming!!!
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Slash-and-Burn Farming
• The process of cutting trees and burning them to clear a field.
• The ashes were used to fertilize the soil.
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•Irrigation – brought water to the crops.
•Invention of the wheel and the sailboat helped people travel easier, thus spreading advanced ideas at a faster rate!!!
•Domestication of animals…..
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Domestication of Animals
• Humans began to raise animals.• They tamed horses, dogs, goats, pigs, etc.• QUICK QUESTION – Why do you think they
decided to “domesticate the animals”?
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Cities Form Civilizations
• What is a “civilization”?• A CIVILIZATION is defined as a
complex CULTURE with these FIVE CHARACTERISTICS:– 1. Advanced cities– 2. Specialized workers– 3. Complex institutions– 4. Record keeping– 5. Improved technology
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Civilization – 1. Advanced Cities
Large POPULATION that serves as a
CENTER OF TRADE for the
surrounding area.
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Civilization – 2. Specialized Workers
• QUICK QUESTION – – Are people still spending their ENTIRE
day “hunting & gathering”?
• Specialization: – The development of skills needed for
one specific kind of work.• Artisans:
– Skilled workers who make goods by hand•Name 3 examples….
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Civilization – 3. Complex Institutions
•GOVERNMENT.•SCHOOLS.•RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS.•ECONOMIC INSTITUTIONS.
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Civilization – 4. Record Keeping
• POPULATION RECORDS– births, deaths, etc.
• ECONOMIC RECORDS – debts, payments, how much is sold, inventory.
• GOVERNMENT RECORDS – elected officials, historical events, laws,
calendars, etc.• Scribes:
– People who used writing to keep records.– Most highly educated in the city.
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Civilization – 5. Improved Technology
•Improved technology provided new tools and methods to solve problems.
•Sail, plow, wheel, slash and burn farming, irrigation systems, etc.