PHILOSOPHY · 7 Philosophy - Semester III – Paper 3 Indian Philosophy: Vedic and Non-Vedic...
Transcript of PHILOSOPHY · 7 Philosophy - Semester III – Paper 3 Indian Philosophy: Vedic and Non-Vedic...
ST. PHILOMENA’S COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS) MYSORE
UNDER GRADUATE COURSE
THREE YEARS – SIX SEMESTERS
SYLLABUS FOR
PHILOSOPHY
2017-18 onwards
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ST. PHILOMENA’S COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS), MYSORE – 570015
A COLLEGE OF EXCELLENCE (UGC)
SUBJECT: PHILOSOPHY
SYLLABUS FOR B.A. COURSE UNDER SEMESTER SCHEME
DURATION OF THE COURSE – THREE YEARS/SIX SEMESTERS
FROM THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2017 ONWARDS
Sem
este
r
Title of the Paper
Teaching Scheme
Hrs/Wk Examination Scheme
Theory
No. of
credits Duration in
Hours
Theory/Prac
tical
Proper Max.
Marks
I A Max
Marks Total Marks
I Logic: Western & Indian
Paper-I
06
6 03 80 20 100
II
History of Western
Philosophy: Ancient &
Modern
Paper-II
06
6 03 80 20 100
III
Indian Philosophy: Vedic &
Non Vedic Schools
Paper-III
06
6 03 80 20 100
IV
Contemporary Western and
Indian Philosophy
Paper-IV
06
6 03 80 20 100
V
Philosophy of Nature and
Science
Paper-V
03
3 03 80 20
300 Philosophy of Knowledge
Paper-VI
03
3 03 80 20
Philosophy of Man Paper-
VII
03
3 03 80 20
VI
Philosophy of Being
Paper-VIII
03
3 03 80 20
300
Philosophy of Religion
Paper-IX
03
3 03 80 20
Ethics
Paper- X
03
3 03 80 20
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Semester I – Paper 1
Logic: Western and Indian
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6 Hrs/week = 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
Aristotle’s deductive logic which has withstood the tests of many centuries is imparted to
students as an aid to the art and science of correct reasoning and correct argumentation.
Knowledge of Inductive Logic adds further to the formation of the mind of the students. The
Ancient Indian School of logic is Nyaya. It has a combination of both the deductive and
inductive form of reasoning.
SYLLABUS
Unit 1: Nature and Scope of Logic
i) Definition and Scope of Logic
ii) Logic as science or art
iii. Logic as positive and normative science
Unit 2: Words and Terms
i) Properties of Terms: Connotation and Denotation
ii) Classification of Terms
Unit 3: Nature and Modality of Propositions
i) Judgment: Sentences and Propositions; Parts of Propositions
ii) Types of Propositions: Categorical, Hypothetical and Disjunctive
ii) Propositions Based on Quantity and Quality
iii) Distribution of Terms in Propositions
iv) Reduction of Sentences to Logical Form
Unit 4: Inference
i) Immediate inference: Conversion, Observations, Contraposition
ii) Mediate inference or syllogism: Structure and rules of Syllogism
iii) Deductive fallacies
iv) Figures of moods – validity of the arguments
Unit 5: Inductive Logic
Inductive and Deductive reasoning
Elements of Inductive Logic
Scientific Method
Types of Inductive Logic
Unit 6: Nyaya concept of inference (anumana)
i) Constituents of Inference
ii) Vyapti
iii) Types of Inference
iv) Comparison between Nyaya and Aristotelian logic
Primary Reference
Anne Felice, Logic and Theory of Knowledge, Cochin: St Teresa’s College, 1987.
Bola Nath Roy, Textbook of Deductive Logic, Calcutta: S C Sarkar and Sons Ltd., 1949.
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Hiriyanna, M. Outlines of Indian Philosophy, London: Allen and Unwin, 1932.
Secondary Reference
Basantani, K.T., Introduction to Logic, Bombay: A.R. Sheth & Co., 1976.
Bittle, Celestine, The Science of Correct Thinking, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Co., 1950.
Cohen & Nagel, An Introduction to Logic and Scientific Methodology, New Delhi: Allied
Publisher, 1990.
Copi, Irving M. & Cohen, Carl, Introduction to Logic (First Indian Reprint), Delhi: Pearson
Education, 2001.
Dasgupta, Surendranath, History of Indian Philosophy, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1976.
Deussen, Paul, The Philosophy of the Upanisads, Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1908.
Felice, Anne, Logic and Theory of Knowledge, Cochin: St. Teresa’s Mercy Home Press, 1982.
Klenk, Virginia, Understanding Symbolic Logic, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1984.
Mellone, S.H., Introductory Text Book of Logic, London: Win Blackhood and Sons, 1950.
Mohanty, Phani & Sahoo, Harischandra, An Introduction to Deductive Logic, New Delhi:
Kalyani Publishers, 1983.
Sharma, Chandradar, A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, 2012.
Simpson, R.L., Essentials of Symbolic Logic, London: Routledge, 1988.
Stebbing, L.S., A Modern Elementary Logic, London: University Paperback, 1995.
Wolf, A., A Textbook of Logic, Delhi: Surjeet Publications, 1987.
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Philosophy -Semester II – Paper 2
History of Western Philosophy: Ancient and Modern
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6Hrs/week = 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
Western philosophy has its roots in ancient Greek culture, which was revived during the
Renaissance and has had immense influence on subsequent Western thought. The pre-Socratics
were the forerunners, not only of systematic philosophical reasoning but also the forerunners of
modern science. They were followed by the great Socrates who taught people the art of asking
the correct questions, and of thinking for themselves. He ushered in the golden age of Greek
philosophy – the age of Plato and Aristotle.
The history of modern western philosophy developed in the 18th
and 19th
centuries in Europe will
help students to acquaint themselves with the nature of modern trends in thoughts, and the
reasons why they were pursued in the various areas of philosophy; to improve students’ ability
for discerning truth from error, and to assist students in exercising themselves in problem-
solving.
Unit 1: Pre-Socratic Schools
Milesian School: Thales and Anaximander, Anaximanes, Pythagorean School: Pythagoras, and
Ephesian School: Heraclitus, Eleatic School: Xenophanes and Parmenides, Pluralist School:
Anaxagoras and Empedocles, Atomist School: Democritus
Unit 2: Classical Greek Wisdom: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
Socratic Method, Epistemology and Ethics
Platonic Problem and Dialectic, the Doctrine of Forms, Epistemology and Ethical theory,
Platonism and Christianity
Aristotle’s Metaphysics: The Doctrine of Causality, Philosophy of Nature, Aristotelian Ethics
and Aesthetics
Influence of Greek philosophy on Plotinus and Medieval Philosophy (Augustine and Thomas
Aquinas)
Unit 3: Modern Western Philosophy: Introduction
Introduction to Renaissance and Enlightenment period
Francis Bacon: Life, Works, Induction, Idols or the False Notions
Unit 4: Continental Rationalism
Descartes: Cartesian Method, Cogito ergo sum, Mind, God, Mind-body relation, Ideas
Spinoza: Metaphysics - Monism and Modal System, Psychology, Ethics
Leibniz: The idea of truth and sufficient reason, Substance – Monads,
Unit 5: British Empiricism
John Locke: Representation theory of Perception, Ideas, Simple and Complex ideas, Primary and
Secondary Qualities
Berkeley: Against Abstraction, Immaterialism, To be is to be perceived, Subjective Idealism
David Hume: Origin and Association of Ideas, Skepticism, Moral theory.
Unit 6: The Critical Philosophy of Kant
a) Critique of Pure Reason; b) Transcendental Idealism c) Phenomenon and Noumenon-
Sensibility, Understanding and Reason; d) Limits of Human Knowledge, e) Critique of Practical
reason: Categorical Imperatives and Postulates.
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Primary Reference
Copleston, Frederick, A History of Philosophy: Greece and Rome, vol. I. New York: Doubleday,
1993.
Copleston, Frederick, A History of Philosophy, Vols. IV-VII, London: Burns and Oates, 1958-
60.
Thilly, Frank, A History of Philosophy, Allahabad: Central Publishing House, 1993.
Masih, U., A Critical History of Modern Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1983.
Secondary Reference
Baldner, Kent, Introduction to Philosophy: Lecture Guide, Iowa: Hunt Publishing Company,
1995.
Composta, Dario, History of Ancient Philosophy, Bangalore: Theological Publications of India,
2005.
Demos, R., The Philosophy of Plato, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977.
Durant, Will, “Introduction: On the Uses of Philosophy,” The Story of Philosophy, New York:
Will Durant, 1926.
Gaarder, Jostein, Sophie’s World: A Novel About the History of Philosophy, New York: Berkley
Books, 1996.
Hamlyn, D.W., The Pelican History of Western Philosophy, London: Penguin Books, 1989.
Kaipan, Joy, Love of Wisdom: A Beginner's Guide of Philosophy, Bangalore: Kristu Jyoti
Publications, 2010.
Kenny, Anthony, ed., - The Oxford History of Western Philosophy, London: Penguin Books,
1987.
Lewis, J., History of Philosophy, London: Hodder and Stoughton, 1977.
Mondin, Battista, History of Medieval Philosophy, Bangalore: TPI, 1991.
O’Conner, D.J., A Critical History of Western Philosophy, New York: The Free Press, 1985.
Seruton, Roger, Modern Philosophy: An Introduction and Survey, New York: Penguin Books,
1996.
Shields, Christopher, Classical Philosophy, London: Routledge, 2003.
Solomon, Robert and Kathleen Higgins, A Short History of Philosophy, New York: Oxford
University Press, 1996.
Stumpf, Samuel E. and James Fieser, From Socrates to Sartre and Beyond, New York: McGraw-
Hill, 2003.
Taylor, A.E., Aristotle, New York: Methuen, 1930.
Weber, Alfred, History of Philosophy, transl. Frank Thilly, New Delhi: Vishvabharati
Publications, 2007.
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Philosophy - Semester III – Paper 3
Indian Philosophy: Vedic and Non-Vedic Schools
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6Hrs/week = 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course aims at a comprehensive view of the six major schools of Indian philosophy
known as darshanas and the three nastika movements. There is a good deal of reasoning in
some of them that is quite independent of the scriptures considered sacred; but others are
closely knit into sacred traditions and may be considered theological rather than purely
philosophical. Buddhism and Jainism also help us to widen our minds concerning eastern
thought.
Unit 1: Charvaka
Introduction, Basic Features, Epistemology, Metaphysics, Self or Soul, Denial of God, Ethics
Unit 2: Jainism
a) Epistemology (Theory of Knowledge) -Syadvada b) Metaphysics -
c) Axiology – Bondage and liberation, Mahavrtasa and Anuvrtas
Unit 3: Buddhism
The Four Noble Truths (Arya Satya). The Doctrine of Dependent Origination
(Pratityasamutpada). The Doctrine of Momentariness (Ksanabhangavada). Doctrine of the
Denial of the Soul (Nairatmayavada). Eight - Fold Path (Astanga Marga). The Concept of
Nirvana.
Unit 4: Nyaya-Vaishesika
i) Nyaya theory of knowledge – four pramanas
ii) Theory of causation and the doctrine of God
iii) Doctrine of seven Padarthas
iv) Atomism
v) Bondage and liberation
Unit 5: Sankya-Yoga
i) Sankya: Prakrti and Purusha – evolution of the world – theory of causation (satkaryavada)
ii) Denial of God – Bondage and liberation iii) Yoga: Ashtanga yoga and the place of God
Unit 6: Purva – Mimamsa and Vedanta (Uttara- Mimamsa)
i) Purva Mimamsa: Six Pramanas Perception (Pratyaksa), Inference (anumana), Comparison
(upamana), Verbal Testimony (Sabda), Implication (arthapatti), Negation (anupalabdi), -
Intrinsic Validity of knowledge (Svata pramanyavada), Religion and Ethics.
Vedanta: Prastana traya, ii) Advaita - The non-dualism of Sankara: a) Sankara's conception of
the world (Maya) b) Sankara's concept of God (Isvara and Brahman), Sankara's conception of
self, c) Sankara’s concept of bondage and liberation, (Jiva)
iii) Visitadvaita: The Qualified Monism of Ramanuja: a) Sources of knowledge (Pramanas),
Metaphysical views - b) Concept of God, soul and matter c) Concept of bondage and
liberation
iv) Dvaita - the Dualism of Madhva: a) the doctrine of Pancha bheda- concept of God, soul
and world, b) Sources of Knowledge, c) Bondage and Liberation
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Primary Reference
Hiriyanna, M. Outlines of Indian Philosophy, London: Allen and Unwin, 1932.
Sharma, Chandradar, A Critical Survey of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass, 2012.
Secondary Reference
Chatterjee, Satishchandra and Direndramohan Datta, An Introduction to Indian Philosophy, Rupa,
2007.
Dasgupta, Surendranath, History of Indian Philosophy, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1976.
Deussen, Paul, The Philosophy of the Upanisads, Edinburgh: T & T Clark, 1908.
Koller, John M., Oriental Philosophies, New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1970.
Lal, P., The Bhagavadgita, Delhi: Orient Paperbacks, 1965.
Mahadevan, T. M. P., Outlines of Hinduism, Bombay: Chetana, 1984.
McGreal, Ian P. ed., Great Thinkers of the Eastern World, New York: Harper Collins, 1995.
Phillips, Maurice, The Teaching of the Vedas, Hesperides Press, 2006.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli, Indian Philosophy, Vols. I & II, New Delhi, 1940, Oxford: Oxford
University Press, 2008.
Radhakrishnan, Sarvapalli, The Bhagavadgita, HarperCollins 1994.
Raju, P.T., Structural Depth of Indian Thought, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1985.
Raju, P.T., The Philosophical Traditions of India, New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1998.
Surendranath Dasgupta, A History of Indian philosophy, 5 Vols., Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass,
1975.
Thachil, J., An Initiation to Indian Philosophy, Alwaye: Pontifical Institute of Philosophy and
Theology, 2000.
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Philosophy - Semester IV – Paper 4
Contemporary Western and Indian Philosophy
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
6Hrs/week
= 84 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The aim of this course is to help students keep abreast of the most recent trends in
philosophy. In the English speaking world, for instance, a logical and linguistic turn in
philosophy has come into vogue. Philosophical analysis is a method of inquiry in which one
seeks to assess complex systems of thought by ‘analysing’ them into simpler elements whose
relationships are thereby brought into focus.
The aim of presenting the contemporary Indian thinkers is to examine the ways in which
today’s philosophical thinking in India has remained consistent with past trends, and the ways
it has been influenced by western trends and categories of thought. The views of
contemporary Indian thinkers will make the students to think critically various philosophical
standpoints belonging to different ages and worlds.
Unit 1: Analytic Tradition
Bertrand Russell
Ludwig Wittgenstein
An Introduction to Logical Positivism
Unit 2: Pragmatic Tradition
C. S. Peirce
William James
John Dewey
Unit 3: Ramakrishna Paramahamsa and Vivekananda
Movements that preceded Ramakrshna Movement
a) Brahmo Samaj and Aryasamaj
b) Raja Ram Mohan Roy and Dayanand Saraswati
Religious Scriptures and Spiritual Experience
Open Search for God Experience
Vivekananda and Interpretation of Tradition and Advaita
Practical Vedanta and Religion
Unit 4: Radhakrishnan and Approach to Philosophy
Philosophy as a View and a Way of Life
Advaitic Epistemology and Metaphysics
An Intuitionist Ethics of Vedanta
Religion for Integration and Unity
Unit 5: Aurobindo and Integral Vision
Integral Yoga
Involution and Evolution
Social Philosophy
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Unit 6: Gandhi and Ambedkar
Gandhian truth and God
The concept of Satyam and Ahimsa
Political Philosophy: Non-Violent Society and State
Religion as Service to Humanity
Social Philosophy of Ambedkar
Primary Reference
Craig, Edward, Routledge History of Philosophy, Vol. VII, London: Routledge, 1994.
Luntley, Michael, Contemporary Philosophy of Thought, Oxford: Blackwell, 1999.
O’Connor, D.J., A Critical History of Western Philosophy. New York: The Free Press, 1985.
Radhakrishnan, S., Indian Philosophy, Volume 1 & 2, London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd.,
1923.
Secondary Source A
Kenny, Anthony, ed., The Oxford Illustrated History of Western Philosophy. New York:
Oxford University Press, 1997.
Stumpf, Samuel E. and James Fieser., From Socrates to Sartre and Beyond, New York:
McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Dummet, M.A.E., The Origins of Analytical Philosophy, London: Duckworth, 1993.
Frege, G., “On Sense and Reference”, in Translations from the Philosophical Writings of
Gottlob Frege, ed. M. Black and P. Geach, Blackwell: Oxford, 1952.
Hacker, P.M.S., Wittgenstein’s Place in Twentieth-Century Analytical Philosophy, Oxford:
Blackwell, 1996.
James, William, Pragmatism and Other Essays, New York: Washington Square Press, 1963.
Peirce, C.S., Pragmatism and Pragmaticism, vol. 5, of Collected Papers, ed. C. Hartshorne
and P. Weiss, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934.
Russell, B., The Analysis of Mind, London: Allen & Unwin, 1921.
Whitehead, A.N., Process and Reality, New York: The Free Press, 1979.
Wittgenstein, L., Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus, transl. C.K. Ogden and F. P. Ramsey,
London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1922.
Wittgenstein, L., Philosophical Investigations, transl. G.E.M. Anscombe, Oxford: Blackwell,
1953.
Secondary Source B
Ambedkar, Baba, Emancipation of Untouchables, Bangalore: Hosadikku Prakashana, 1992.
Basu, Durga Das, Introduction to the Constitution of India (10th ed.), South Asia Books,
1984.
Brecher, Michael, Nehru: A Pontifical Biography, London: Oxford University Press, 1959.
Copley, Antony, Gurus and Their Followers: New Religious Reform Movements in Colonial
India, New Delhi: OUP, 2000.
Cronin, Vincent, A Pearl to India, The Life of Robert de Nobili, New York: E. A. Dutton &
Company, 1959.
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Gandhi, M.K., An Autobiography, Or The Story of my Experiments with Truth, transl.
Mahadev Desai, Ahmedabad: Navaajivan 1927, Reprint 1998.
Guru, Vandana, Ashrams and Christians, London: Darton, Longman & Todd, 1978.
Jatav, D. R., Social Philosophy of Ambedkar, Agra: Phoenix Publishing Agency, 1965.
Nasr, S. Hossein, Sufi Essays, London: George Allen & Unwin, 1972.
Pandey, Susmita, Medieval Bhakti Movement, Meerut: Kusumanjali Prakashan, 1989.
Radhakrishnan, S., Idealistic View of Life, London: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd 1929.
Roy, Rammohan. The English Works of Raja Rammohan Roy, Calcutta: Sadharan Brahma
Samaj, 1945-1958.
Sarvapalli, Radhakrishnan, The Philosophy of Rabindranath Tagore, London: Macmillan,
1918.
Selections from the Complete Works of Swami Vivekananda, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama,
Thirteenth Impression, 1995.
Sing, Arya Krishan, Swami Dayananda Saraswati: A Study of his Life and Work, Delhi:
Manohar, 1987.
Vivekananda, Swami, Science and Philosophy of Religion, Calcutta: Advaita Ashrama, 2012.
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Philosophy - Semester V – Paper 5
Philosophy of Nature and Science
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The Philosophy of Nature introduces students to the various ways in which people of
different times and places have considered nature, at different stages: mythical, religious,
philosophical, scientific, particular attention being paid to the transformation of the Greek
philosophy of Nature into contemporary science. The relevance of Aristotelian philosophy,
the scientific or the philosophical cosmology, relevance of Aristotelian hylomorphism, the
beginning and the end of the world are some of the areas that we will try to study in this
course. This course will open the minds of the students to general culture and information
concerning the material world at the micro as well as the macro levels.
The Philosophy of Science has been recently introduced because of its critical evaluation of
science. This branch of philosophy is relatively young. Applying epistemology, logic and
metaphysics to scientific method and activity, it attempts an answer to questions concerning
the relations between science and truth.
Unit 1: Pre-Socratic Philosophy of Nature
Ancient cosmologies: Vedic and Biblical
The Pre-Socratic Cosmology
Unit 2: Plato, Aristotle and Scholasticism
Plato’s philosophy of Nature
Aristotle's Hylomorphism
Scholastic notion of nature
Unit 3: History of Science
Western physics and cosmology: From Ptolemy to Copernicus
Environmental Philosophy – Eastern and Western
Unit 4: History of Science
Western physics and cosmology: From Copernicus to the electronic age
Copernicus
Tycho Brahe
Kepler
Galileo
Newton
Theories of light, heat, sound, magnetism and electricity
Relativity and Quantum physics
Unit 5: Philosophy of Science
Introduction Philosophical reflections on, implications and interpretations of the concepts,
laws, methods and theories of science.
Logical Positivism: Basic Ideas, Implications and Critique
Historicism (Social Constructivism): Basic Ideas, Persons, Implications and Critique
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Historical Realism: Basic Ideas, Persons, Implications and Critique
Relativistic Revolution
Newtonian vs. quantum mechanics
Scientific Theories on the Origin and End of the Universe and their Critique
Primary Reference
Aristotle, The Complete Works of Aristotle 1 & 2, Oxford transl., ed. Barnes, Jonathan,
Princeton 1984.
Nandan, M. R., Philosophy of Science: A Brief Introduction, Bangalore: The Bangalore
Philosophy Forum.
Gillies, Donald, Philosophy of Science in the Twentieth-Century, Oxford: Blackwell
Publishers, 1993.
Russell B., History of Western Philosophy, London: George Allen and Unwin, 1969.
Secondary Reference
Barnes, Jonathan, ed., Early Greek Philosophy, London: Penguin Books, 2001.
Black, John, The Dominion of Man: The Search of Ecological Responsibility, Edinburgh:
Edinburgh University Press, 1970.
Chalmers, Alan, What Is This Thing Called Science? An Assessment of the Nature and Status
of Science and its Method, 2nd
ed. Milton Keynes: Open University Press, 1992.
Fox, Warwick, Toward a Transpersonal Ecology: Developing New Foundations for
Environmental Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Gruen, Lori and Dale Jamieson, ed., Reflecting on Nature: Readings in Environmental
Philosophy, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
Hawking, Stephen, A Brief History of Time, London: Bantam Books, 1999.
Kuhn, Thomas, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, 2nd
ed., Chicago: The University of
Chicago Press, 1970.
Ladyman, James, Understanding Philosophy of Science, London & New York: Routledge,
2002.
Passmore, John, Man’s Responsibility for Nature: Ecological Problems and Western
Traditions, London: Duckworth, 1974.
Passmore, John, The Perfectibility of Man, London: Duckworth, 1970.
Popper, Karl, The Myth of the Framework In Defence of Science and Rationality, M.A.
Notturno, ed. London: Routledge, 1994.
Sambursky, S. and I.B. Cohen, The Birth of a New Physics, London: Penguin, 1992.
Singer, C., A Short History of Scientific Ideas to 1900, Oxford: Oxford University, 1959.
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, transl. Rowan, John P., Indiana:
Dumb Ox Books, 1961.
Waterfield, Robin, The First Philosophers: The Pre-Socratics and the Sophists, Oxford:
Oxford University Press, 2000.
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Philosophy - Semester V – Paper 6
Philosophy of Knowledge
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The aim of this course is to lead students to the meaning of knowledge and truth. The
channels of knowledge are the senses - our own and/or those of other people. Philosophers
have doubted the evidence of the senses. The Sun, for instance, is seen to be moving, whereas
it is not really moving; it is we who are moving. Such questions and instances have
compelled philosophers to discuss a great deal about the nature of doubt, certainty, evidence,
truth, about the last of which they have thought out various theories. The Philosophy of
Knowledge, also known as Epistemology, has a special role to play in the Philosophy of
Science, where it examines the nature of ‘scientific’ truth.
Unit 1: General Introduction
The Nature, definition and scope of Epistemology
A Historical Survey of Epistemology
The Importance of Epistemology: The extent of one’s knowledge; Religious truth and the
universality of truth; Necessity of truth
Unit 2: The Sources of Knowledge
Sensation, Percept, Concept, Universal ideas, Judgements, Deduction, Induction and
Testimony
Unit 3: Justification and Certainty
Structure of justification: Foundationalism
Certainty: Kinds of Certitude; problems
Unit 4: Theories of Knowledge
Empiricism, Rationalism, Idealism, Realism, Phenomenalism
Theory of Knowledge in Indian Thought
Scepticism, David Hume’s Scepticism
Unit 5: Truth and Validity of Knowledge
Truth, error and Certitude, Problems of objectivity
Theories of Truth: Correspondence theory, Coherence Theory and pragmatic theory; choice
of a theory
Hermeneutics and Post-Hermeneutic Epistemology
Primary Reference
Ayer, A. J., The Problem of Knowledge, New York: Penguin, 1984
Chrisholm, Roderick M., Theory of Knowledge, New Delhi: Prentice Hall, 1987
Mercier, Jean L., Epistemology and the Problem of Truth, Bangalore: Asian Trading
Corporation, 1998.
Wolfe, David L., Epistemology, Illinois: Inter Varsity Press, 1982.
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Secondary Reference
Bernecker, Sven and Duncan Pritchard, ed., The Routledge Companion to Epistemology,
Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2010.
Bhat, Govardhan P., The basic Ways of knowing, N. Delhi: Motilal Banarsidas, 1989.
Doren, Charles, A History of Knowledge, New York: Ballantine Books, 1992.
Gallagher Kenneth, Philosophy of Knowledge, New York: Sheed and Ward, 1964.
Hamlyn, D.W., The Theory of Knowledge, London: Macmillan, 1997.
O'Neill, Reginald F., Theories of Knowledge, Englewood: Printeice-Hall, Inc. 1960.
Sanguineti, Juan Jose., Logic and Gnoseology, Bangalore: TPI, 1988.
Sharma, R. N., Problems of Philosophy, Meerut: Kedar Nath.
Steup, Matthias and Ernest Sosa, eds., Contemporary Debates in Epistemology, Malden, MA:
Wiley-Blackwell, 2005.
Therukattil, George, In Quest of Truth: A Study in Philosophy of Knowledge, Bangalore: JIP,
2001.
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Philosophy - Semester V – Paper 7
Philosophy of Man
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course aims at providing with basic general information concerning the most important
views and theories held in the past about the nature of the human person. In this course we
will concentrate upon various themes: the relation of the body to the soul, soul as one or two,
the power of the soul, soul’s power of knowing and loving, the immortality of the human
person, philosophical demonstration of the human soul. Reflection on these themes will
certainly give the students a better knowledge and understanding of themselves, and
consequently of others. This course could also serve as a good philosophical basis for the
study of psychology.
Unit 1: General Introduction
Introduction to Anthropology, Concept Clarifications, Meaning of Anthropology, definition,
the scope of Anthropology, Classification of Anthropological sciences, main branches of
Anthropology
Unit 2: Approaches to the Study of Human Person
Western Approach to the Study of Human Person: Concept of Life, Sensation, Intellection,
Will, Soul and Body
Eastern Concept of Human Person: Vedic Concept of the Human, Concept of the Human in
Upanishads, Concept of the Human in the Bhagavad Gita, Buddhist and Jaina understanding
of the Human Person, Samkhya understanding of the Human Person
Unit 3: Scientific Anthropology
Physical Anthropology: Man and his origins, Ethnology and Prehistoric Archaeology, the
Question of Evolution
Unit 4: Social and Cultural Anthropology
Cultural anthropology in relation to physical anthropology, Prehistoric development of
culture, Physical type of culture, Habit and culture, Early Society and its Organization, The
Mind of the Primitive, Social Evolution.
Unit 5: Philosophical Anthropology
Introduction, Human life, knowledge, The problem of free-will, Language and
communication, Culture and civilization, Work and art and technology, Self transcendence,
body, soul spirit, person-hood and personality, The mystical dimensions and openness to the
supernatural, Survival after death – Immortality of the Soul
Primary Reference
Mondin, Battista, Philosophical Anthropology, Bangalore: TPI, 1985.
Donceel, J. F., Philosophical Anthropology, New York: Sheed and Ward, 1967.
Sumner, Claude, The Philosophy of Man, Vols. I, II, III, New Delhi: Theological Publications
in India, 1989.
17
Secondary Reference
Adams, William Y., The Philosophical Roots of Anthropology, Stanford, California: CSLI
Publications, 1998.
Aristotle, The complete works of Aristotle, Vols. 1 & 2, Oxford transl., ed. Barnes, Jonathan,
Princeton 1984.
Haeffner, Gerd, The Human Situation: A Philosophical Anthropology, transl. Eric Watkins.
Notre Dame, Indiana: University of Notre Dame Press, 1989.
Kowalczyk, Stanislaw, An Outline of Philosophical Anthropology, Frankfurt am Main, Bern,
New York, Paris: Peter Lang, 1991.
Krapiec, Mieczyslaw A., I-Man: An Outline of Philosophical Anthropology, abridged
version, by Francis J. Lescoe and Roger B. Duncan, New Britain, CT: Mariel Publications,
1983.
Landmann, Michael, Philosophical Anthropology, transl. David J. Parent, Philadelphia: The
Westminster Press, 1974.
Stevenson, Leslie, ed., The Study of Human Nature, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Sumner, Claude, The Philosophy of Man (3 vols.), Addis Ababa: Central Printing Press,
1975.
Therukattil, George, Becoming Human: A Study in Philosophical Anthropology, Bangalore:
JIP, 2000.
Vergote, Antoine, In Search of a Philosophical Anthropology, transl. M.S. Muldoon.
Amsterdam Atlanta, GA: Lueven University Press, 1996.
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Philosophy - Semester VI – Paper 8
Philosophy of Being
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
The Philosophy of Being, or the First Philosophy, as Aristotle called it, enjoys a most
privileged position among the branches of the tree of knowledge, Indian as well as Western,
since it makes the almost superhuman effort and endeavor to understand being as being.
Practically all other departments of knowledge are concerned with being in one form or
another, but First Philosophy or Metaphysics takes upon itself the challenge of grappling with
the most fundamental and universal challenge of confronting the problem of being as such.
Unit 1: Definition and Nature of Metaphysics
Etymology, Definitions, Names and Scope
Starting point, Fundamental Notions and Principles
Methods
Unit 2: History of Western Metaphysics:
Evolution of Western Metaphysics from Pre-Socratic to Post-modern philosophy
Unit 3: History of Indian Metaphysics:
Evolution of Indian Metaphysics from Vedas through non-Vedic systems to Vedanta
Unit 4: Metaphysical Structure of Being
"Think" and "Thing": Being as Object of Human Intellect
The Scope of the Philosophy of Being
Existence and Essence
Language and Reality: The Aristotelian Categories, the Meaning of “Being”: Substance and
Kinds of Substance: Descartes; Leibniz; Spinoza; Kant
The Accidents
Causation and Causality: Material Causality; Formal Causality; Efficient Causality; Final
Causality; Hume and Kant on causation
Act and Potency: … the operative Level; … the essential level; … the existential level
Unit 5: The Analogy of Being and the Transcendentals
The Analogy of Being: Analogy of Attribution; Analogy of Proportionality
The Transcendentals: Unity, Truth, Goodness, Beauty
Unit 6: Systematic Study of the Text (for Assignment)
Detailed study of the Selected Texts of Aristotle on Categories or Metaphysics
Detailed study of the Selected Texts from the Commentary of Thomas Aquinas on
Metaphysics
Bhagavadgita (any one chapter)
Primary Reference
Alvira, Thomas/ Clavell Luis/ Melendo Tomas, Metaphysics, Manila: Sinac Tala Publishers,
1982.
19
Aristotle, The Complete works of Aristotle 1 & 2, Oxford transl. & ed. Barnes, Jonathan,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Van Steenberghen, Fernand, Ontology, Louvain: Publications Universitaire, 1970.
Secondary Reference
Bogliolo, Luigi, Metaphysics, Bangalore: Theological Publications in India, 1987.
Coreth, Emerich, Metaphysics, New York: Herder and Herder, 1968.
Edwards, Paul, ed., Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Vol. 5 & 6, New York: Macmillan
Publishing Co., Inc. & the Free Press, 1972.
Garrett, Brian, What Is This Thing Called Metaphysics? Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 2011.
Hamlyn, D.W., Metaphysics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.
Hiriyanna, M., Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass, 1994.
Kaipayil, Joseph, An Essay on Ontology, Kochi: Karunikan Books, 2008.
Kaipayil, Joseph, Relationalism: A Theory of Being, Bangalore: JIP Publications, 2008.
Kim, Jaegwon & Sosa, Ernest, A Companion to Metaphysics, Cambridge: Blackwell
Publishers Inc, 1995.
Le Poidevin, Robin et al, eds., The Routledge Companion to Metaphysics, Abingdon, Oxon:
Routledge, 2011.
Lonergan, Bernard, Insight, New York: Longmans, 1965.
Owens, Joseph, An Elementary Christian Metaphysics, U.S.A.: Bruce Publishing Company,
1986.
Panthanmackel, George, Coming and Going: An Introduction to Metaphysics from Western
Perspectives, Bangalore: ATC, 1999.
Raju, P. T., Structural Depths of Indian Thought, New Delhi: South Asia Publishers, 1985.
Sider, Theodore et al, eds. Contemporary Debates in Metaphysics, Malden, MA: Wiley-
Blackwell, 2007.
Sinha, Jadunath, Outlines of Indian Philosophy, Calcutta: New Central Books Agency Ltd,
1996.
Thomas de Aquino, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, Rowan, John P., transl. Indiana:
Dumb Ox Books, 1961.
Van Inwagen, Peter, Metaphysics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993.
Vineeth, Francis, Foundations of World Vision: A Guide to Metaphysics, Bangalore:
Dharmaram Publications, 1985.
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Philosophy - Semester VI – Paper 9
Philosophy of Religion
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course critically evaluates the concept of religion and the various concepts arise within a
religion. This course must help students not only to strengthen their own understanding
through their faith, but also to understand and dialogue with others. The course aims at
describing, analyzing and evaluating the role of religion in the life of the human since the
earliest times, to discover by rational interpretation of religion the truth of religious belief
(especially in God) and the value of religious attitudes and practices in human quest for
growth and development.
Unit 1: General Introduction
The legitimacy of philosophical reflection on religion
Shift from ‘Theodicy’ to ‘Philosophy of God’
Objects of Philosophy of God
Philosophy of God and Theology
Nature and Origin of Religion
Method of philosophy of Religion
A Historical over-view of the development of philosophy of religion
Unit 2: Meaning and Reference of the Word ‘God’
Meanings and Meaning – Meaning and Reference – Direct and Indirect Reference – Negative
Way, Positive Way, and Way of Eminence
Meaning of ‘Brahman’
The Question of God in Buddhism and Jainism
Faith and Reason as Two ways to God
Trust in the Ability of Reason
Incapacity of the Reason
Unit 3: Proofs or Arguments for God’s Existence
Pre-Philosophical Arguments
Philosophical Arguments: The Ontological Arguments of Anselm, Descartes, Leibnitz;
The Cosmological Arguments of St. Thomas, Samuel Clarke; The Teleological Arguments of
St. Thomas, William Paley; Moral Argument of Kant
Indian Ways to God
Unit 4: Religious Experience, Religious Language and Symbols
Religious Language
Religious Experience
Via negative, Analogy
Symbols and Myths
Unit 5: The problem of Evil and Atheism
The Problem of Evil: Faith Solutions, Philosophical Motifs, Process Solution, Karma theory
Atheism: Charvaka, August Comte, Friedrich Nietzsche, Albert Camus, Jean Paul Sartre,
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Unit 6: Some of the Issues Related with the Philosophy of Religion
Religion and Culture; Religion and Secularization; Religion and Sociology; Religion and
Science; Religion and Morality; Religion and Politics; Religion and Economics
Primary Reference
Brightman, Edga, A Philosophy of Religion, New York: Greenwood Press, 1969.
Craig, William Lane, Philosophy of Religion, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Hick, John, Philosophy of Religion, New Delhi: Prentice- Hall, 1988.
Secondary Reference
Allen, Diogenes, and Eric O. Springsted, Philosophy for Understanding Theology, 2nd ed.
Louisville: Westminster John Knox Press, 2007.
Aristotle, The Complete Works of Aristotle 1 & 2, Oxford transl., ed. Barnes, Jonathan,
Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984.
Bogliolo, Luigi, Rational Theology, Bangalore: TPI, 1987.
Burrell, David B., “Philosophy” in The Blackwell Companion to Modern Theology, edited by
Gareth Jones, 34-46. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2004.
Cahn, Steven M. and David Shatz, eds., Contemporary Philosophy of Religion, New York:
Oxford University Press, 1982.
Caputo, John D., Philosophy and Theology, Horizons in Theology, Nashville: Abingdon
Press, 2006.
Davis, Stephen, T. ed., Encountering Evil: Live Options in Theodicy, Atlanta: John Knox
Press, 1981.
De Vries, Hent, “Philosophia Ancilla Theologiae” in Bible and Critical Theory 5, no.3
(2009): 41.1-41.19.
Donceel, J. F., The Searching Mind: An Introduction to the Philosophy of God, London:
Notre Dame Press, 1979.
Dulles, Avery, “Apologetics I: History” in Dictionary of Fundamental Theology, edited by
Rene Latourelle and Rino Fisichella, 28-35, New York: St. Paul’s, 1990.
Evans, Stephen C., Philosophy of Religion: Thinking about Faith, England: Intervarsity
Press, 1982.
Hartshorne, Charles, “A New Look at the Problem of Evil,” in Current Philosophical Issues,
ed., F.C. Dommeyer, Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, 1966.
Hick, John, An Interpretation of Religion: Human Responses to the Transcendent, New
Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1989.
Hick, John, Philosophy of Religion, New York: Prentice-Hall, 1973.
James, William, The Varieties of Religious Experience, New York: Dolphin Books, 1902.
John Paul II, Fides et Ratio, Mumbai: Pauline Publications, 1998.
Kachappilly, Kurian, God-Talk Reconstructed: An Introduction to Philosophy of God,
Bangalore: Dharmaram Publications, 2006.
Mackie, J.L., Miracle of Theism: Arguments for and against the Existence of God, Oxford:
Clarendon Press, 1982.
Palmer, Michael, The Question of God: An Introduction and Source Book, London:
Routledge, 2001.
22
Sparrow, M.R., “The Proofs of Natural Theology and the Unbeliever” in American Catholic
Philosophical Quarterly 65, no. 2 (1991): 129-41.
Thomas Aquinas, Commentary on Aristotle’s Metaphysics, transl. Rowan, John P., Indiana:
Dumb Ox Books, 1961.
Whitehead, Alfred N., Religion in the Making, New York: Macmillan, 1926.
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Philosophy - Semester VI – Paper 10
Ethics
Marks theory – 80, Internal Assessment 20 = 100
3Hrs/week = 42 Hrs
COURSE OBJECTIVE
This course deals with the nature of moral good and evil. This course enables the students to
see the natural moral law, the mouth-piece of which is a well-formed conscience. While
general ethics introduces students to the general principles of right reason and conduct,
special ethics deals with specific areas of human activity.
Unit 1: Ethics is a normative science of Human Conduct
Definition, Nature, Importance and Scope of Ethics
Relation of Ethics to Philosophy and Religion
Human acts as acts proceeding from man's deliberate freewill
Psychological basis of Ethics
Circumstances that affect man's intellect and will
Man's responsibility for those acts
Unit 2: Historical Over View of Ethics: Western and Indian
Ethics in Greek, Medieval, Modern and Contemporary Philosophy
Ethics in Ancient, Medieval, Modern and Contemporary Indian Philosophy
Unit 3: Moral Order and Moral Values
Existence of Moral Order and Moral Values
Explanations by Moral Positivism, Eudaimonistic, Hedonism, Utilitarianism, Kantian
Categorical Imperative and Indian Ethical theories
Right reason as norm for determining moral values that are rooted in man's Natural law
Radical Situation Ethics is unacceptable.
Unit 4: Conscience
What is Conscience?
Object, Motive and Circumstances
Formation of Conscience
Types of Conscience
Unit 5: Social Ethics
Man as a Social being - His fulfilment is found in society
Rights, Duties and Virtues
Suicide, Euthanasia, Abortion, Violence, Terrorism
Ethics and Marriage: Nature and purpose of marriage and Family
Familial ethics: Contraception; Sterilization; Mercy killing; Abortion and Artificial
insemination.
Indian Social Ethics – the Ethics of Gita
Unit 6: Political Ethics
Political theories - Man and the State
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Some Politico-ethical problems: Appropriate form of government and its powers (legislative,
executive, judiciary); Welfare of the citizens, Civil laws and taxes; Private property, Labour
and wages
Revolution and Violence; Communism; Punishment
International Ethics: The United Nations (UNO)
International-Ethical Problems: Peace and Co-operation between the nations; Just war;
Industrialization and Ecology- Developed and Underdeveloped nations
Marxist-Communistic Ethics: Exposition and Criticism: i) Dialectical Materialism - Class
struggle and Revolution, - Stateless and Classless society; ii) Super-Structures of State,
Religion and Morality; Socialism
Primary Reference
Aristotle, Nichomachean Ethics, transl. J.A.K. Thomason, Baltimore, Maryland: Penguin
Books, 1955.
Cooper, David E., Ethics: The Classic Readings, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
Mackenzie, John S., A Manual of Ethics, New York: Cosimo, 2005.
Mackenzie, John S., Hindu Ethics: A Historical and Critical Survey, H. Milford: Oxford
University Press, 1922.
Secondary Reference
Beauchamp, Tom L., Philosophical Ethics: An Introduction to Moral Philosophy, New York:
McGraw-Hill Company, 1982.
Bourke, Vernon J., Ethics, New York: The Macmillan Company, 1967.
Brittle, Celestine N., Man and Morals, Milwaukee: The Bruce Publishing Company, 1950.
Composta, Dario, Moral Philosophy and Social Ethics, Bangalore: TPI, 1988.
Cahn, Steven M. and Peter Markie, ed., Ethics: History, Theory, and Contemporary Issues,
Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998.
Chackalackal, Saju, Unity of knowing and Acting in Kant, Bangalore: Dharmaram
Publications, 2002.
Finnis, John, Fundamentals of Ethics, Oxford: Oxford Clarendon Press, 1983.
Foot, Philippa, Theories of Ethics, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967.
Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Practical Reason, transl. Lewis White Beck, Indianapolis:
Bobbs-Merril, 1956.
Kant, Immanuel, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, transl. Lewis White Beck,
Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merril, 1959.
Freeman, J. Stephen, Ethics: An Introduction to Philosophy and Practice, U.K.: Wads worth
Thomson, 2000.
Pazhayampalli, Thomas, Pastoral Guide, Krist Jyothi Publications, 1997.
Sharma, Ram, Outline of Ethics, Meerut, 1963.
Singer, Peter, ed., A Companion to Ethics, Oxford: Blackwell, 1993.
Thiroux, Jaques, Ethics: Theory and Practice, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995.
Callahn, Joan C. ed., Ethical Issues in Professional Life, New York: Oxford University Press,
1988.
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Mappes, Thomas A. and Zembatty, Jane S., Social Ethics, Morality and Social Policy, New
York: McGraw-hill Inc., 1992.