- 7 - 3 - The Emmy Awardsemmyonline.com/download/17th-Annual-News-Documentary-Emmy-Awards...- 7 - 3...

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IMMEDIATE RELEASE September 11, 1996 THE 17TH ANNUAL NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS PRESENTED BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES New York, September 11 -The 17th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards were presented by The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences here tonight. A group of prominent newsmakers presented the Awards to a distinguished group of electronic journalists. The ceremony was presided over by John Cannon, President of The Academy following a black-tie dinner at The Marriott Marquis Hotel. ''The coveted Emmy was awarded to programs and program segments and to individuals for outstanding achievement in News and Documentary programming," said Mr. Cannon. ''The recipients were chosen by Blue Ribbon Panels of peers from nearly 1 ,300 entries from the eligibility period of the 1995 calendar year." The numerical breakdown, by broadcast and cable entities, as compiled by the independent accountancy firm of Lutz and Carr, LLP follows: ABC - 10 CINEMAX 2 NBC - 10 DISCOVERY 2 CBS - 7 CNN PBS A&E TBS - 7 - 3 - 3 SYNDICATED THE LEARNING CHANNEL Newsmakers from the fields of politics, diplomacy, education and the arts who participated in The 17th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards, were (listed alphabetical order): Alan Blinder. former ViceChairman of the FCC and Professor of Economics, Princeton University; Senator Bill Bradley, [D) New Jersey; Marian Edelman Wright, Chairman, Children's Defense Fund; AI Franken, political satirist and author; Dr. Jason Hu, Representative of the Republic of China on Taiwan to the United States; Sir John Kerr, British Ambassador to the United States; James Earl Jones, actor; Captain James Lovell, author and astronaut; Dr. Audrey Manley, Acting Surgeon General of the United States; Senator George McGovern, former Democratic Presidential Candidate; Captain Scott O'Grady, US Air Force Pilot shot-down over Bosnia; Judith Shapiro, President, Barnard College; and James B. Stewart, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist and author. Richard Thrall, National Awards Committee Chairman and Charles Dolan, Chairman of Cablevision Systems Corporation and now NAT AS Chairman, also presented Awards. MEDIA CONTACTS: Robert F. Blake Ext. 2214 Robert H. Christie Ext. 2219 (0) 212-586-8424 [f) 212-246-0947 E-Mail: [email protected] * * * * AWARDS CONTACTS: Stew Stoltz Trudy Wilson [o) 212-586-8424 [f) 212-246-8129 THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES 111 WEST 57th STREET· NE\\ YORK,:-.; Y 10019 • TELEPI-10:\E (2121 586-8424 • FAX (212) 246-8129

Transcript of - 7 - 3 - The Emmy Awardsemmyonline.com/download/17th-Annual-News-Documentary-Emmy-Awards...- 7 - 3...

IMMEDIATE RELEASE September 11, 1996

THE 17TH ANNUAL NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS PRESENTED BY THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

New York, September 11 -The 17th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards were presented by The National Academy of Television Arts and Sciences here tonight. A group of prominent newsmakers presented the Awards to a distinguished group of electronic journalists. The ceremony was presided over by John Cannon, President of The Academy following a black-tie dinner at The Marriott Marquis Hotel.

''The coveted Emmy was awarded to programs and program segments and to individuals for outstanding achievement in News and Documentary programming," said Mr. Cannon. ''The recipients were chosen by Blue Ribbon Panels of peers from nearly 1 ,300 entries from the eligibility period of the 1995 calendar year."

The numerical breakdown, by broadcast and cable entities, as compiled by the independent accountancy firm of Lutz and Carr, LLP follows:

ABC - 10 CINEMAX 2

NBC - 10 DISCOVERY 2

CBS - 7 CNN

PBS

A&E

TBS

- 7

- 3

- 3

SYNDICATED

THE LEARNING CHANNEL

Newsmakers from the fields of politics, diplomacy, education and the arts who participated in The 17th Annual News and Documentary Emmy Awards, were (listed alphabetical order): Alan Blinder. former ViceChairman of the FCC and Professor of Economics, Princeton University; Senator Bill Bradley, [D) New Jersey; Marian Edelman Wright, Chairman, Children's Defense Fund; AI Franken, political satirist and author; Dr. Jason Hu, Representative of the Republic of China on Taiwan to the United States; Sir John Kerr, British Ambassador to the United States; James Earl Jones, actor; Captain James Lovell, author and astronaut; Dr. Audrey Manley, Acting Surgeon General of the United States; Senator George McGovern, former Democratic Presidential Candidate; Captain Scott O'Grady, US Air Force Pilot shot-down over Bosnia; Judith Shapiro, President, Barnard College; and James B. Stewart, Pulitzer Prize winning journalist and author. Richard Thrall, National Awards Committee Chairman and Charles Dolan, Chairman of Cablevision Systems Corporation and now NAT AS Chairman, also presented Awards.

MEDIA CONTACTS: Robert F. Blake Ext. 2214 Robert H. Christie Ext. 2219 ( 0) 212-586-8424 [f) 212-246-0947 E-Mail: [email protected]

* * * * AWARDS CONTACTS:

Stew Stoltz Trudy Wilson

[o) 212-586-8424 [f) 212-246-8129

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES 111 WEST 57th STREET· NE\\ YORK,:-.; Y 10019 • TELEPI-10:\E (2121 586-8424 • FAX (212) 246-8129

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

OUTSTANDING GENERAL COVERAGE OF A SINGLE BREAKING NEWS STORY

"AMERICA'S MISSION" (48 Hours)

Page 1

CBS

Executive Producer: Catherine Lasiewicz; Senior Producers: Rand Morrison, Lyne Bowens, Mary Murphy; Senior Producer in Tuzla: Jeffrey Fager; Producers: Suzanne Allen, Thomas Berman, Gavin Boyle, Tim Clifford, Greg Kandra, Paul La Rosa, Mary Martin, Kathleen O'Connell, Brian O'Keefe, George Osterkamp, John Reade, Susan E. Reed, David Schneider, Chuck Stevenson; Correspondents: Dan Rather, Harold Dow, Bill Lagattuta, Erin Moriarty, Richard Schlesinger, Susan Spencer

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR SEGMENTS

OUTSTANDING GENERAL COVERAGE OF A SINGLE BREAKING NEWS STORY

"INTERSECTION" (CHICAGO BUS CRASH) (Dateline NBC)

Page 2

NBC

Executive Producer: Neal Shapiro; Senior Producer: Lisa Hsia; Producer: Timothy Gorin; Correspondent: Bob McKeown

II HAZARDOUS ENVIRONMENT?" (Dateline NBC)

Executive Producer: Neal Shapiro; Senior Broadcast Producer: Marc Rosenwasser; Producer: Colleen Halpin; Correspondent: Dennis Murphy

"I CONFESS" (Dateline NBC)

Executive Producer: Neal Shapiro; Senior Producer: Marc Rosenwasser; Producer: Carol Gable; Correspondent: Jane Pauley

"THE EXPLOSION (OKLAHOMA BOMBING)" (Dateline NBC)

NBC

NBC

NBC

Executive Producer: Neal Shapiro; Senior Producers: Marc Rosenwasser, Ty West; Producers: Joe Delmonico, Tom Keenan; Correspondent: Jon Scott

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

OUTSTANDING INSTANT COVERAGE OF A SINGLE BREAKING NEWS STORY

"COVERAGE OF THE OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING"

"OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING: MOMENT OF CRISIS" (Nightline)

Page3

CNN

ABC

Executive Producer: Tom Bettag; Anchor & Managing Editor: Ted Koppel; Senior Producers: Richard Harris, Mark Nelson, C. Scott Willis; Producers: Peter Demchuk, Sara Just, Lisa Koenig, Jay Lamonica, Dana Wolfe

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

OUTSTANDING BACKGROUND/ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE CURRENT STORY

"SIAMESE TWINS" (Nova)

Page 4

rBS

Executive Producer: Paula S. Apsell; Producer: Jon Palfreman; Coordinating Producer: Beth Hoppe

"PEACEKEEPERS: HOW THE U.N. FAILED IN BOSNIA" (Peter Jennings Reporting)

Producer: David Gelber; Correspondent: Peter Jennings

"INSIDE THE HATE CONSPIRACY: AMERICA'S TERRORISTS" (Turning Point)

ABC

ABC

Executive Producer: Betsy West; Senior Broadcast Producer: Janice Tomlin; Senior Producer: Rudy Bednar; Broadcast Producer: Wendy Roth; Producers: Denise Schreiner, Howie Masters; Editorial Producer: Lisa Soloway; Reporter: Meredith Vieira

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR SEGMENTS

OUTSTANDING BACKGROUND/ANALYSIS OF A SINGLE CURRENT STORY

"THE TOUGHEST CHOICE" (Dateline NBC}

Executive Producer: Neal Shapiro; Senior Producer: Marc Rosenwasser; Producer: Mary Lockhart; Correspondent: Dennis Murphy

"BACKDRAFT" (Dateline NBC}

Page 5

NBC

NBC

Executive Producer: Neal Shapiro; Senior Producer: Paul Greenberg; Producer: Steve McCarthy; Correspondent: Fred Francis

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

OUTSTANDING INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM

"THE PLAGUE MONKEYS" (Investigative Reports)

Executive Producer: Michael Cascio; Producers: Elliott Halpern, Simcha Jacobovivi

"LEGACY OF SHAME" (CBS Reports)

Page 6

A&E

CBS

Executive Producer: Linda S. Mason; Senior Producer: Maurice Murad; Field Producer/Reporter: Kristina Borjesson; Correspondents: Dan Rather, Randall Pinkston

FOR SEGMENTS

OUTSTANDING INVESTIGATIVE JOURNALISM

''THE PREDATORS" (20/20)

ABC

Executive Producer: Victor Neufeld; Senior Producers: Meredith White, David T abacoff; Senior Investigative Producer: Allan Maraynes; Producer: Janet Klein; Correspondent: Catherine Crier

Page 7

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

OUTSTANDING INTERVIEW /INTERVIEWER{S)

"OLD MASTERS OF WALL STREET (PT. l) INTERVIEW WI ROY NEUBERGER" PBS (Adam Smith)

Executive Producer: Alvin H. Perlmutter; Producer: Robert Geline; Coordinating Producer: Douglas P. Sinsel; Host: George J.W. Goodman ("Adam Smith")

FOR SEGMENTS

OUTSTANDING INTERVIEW /INTERVIEWER{Sl

"McNAMARA'S WAR" (Primetime Live)

ABC

Executive Producer: Phyllis McGrady; Senior Producers: Ira Rosen, Mark Lukasiewicz, Marc Burstein; Producer: Peter Bull; Correspondent: Diane Sawyer

"TERRY'S STORY" (Primetime Live)

ABC

Executive Producer: Phyllis McGrady; Senior Producers: Ira Rosen, Mark Lukasiewicz, Marc Burstein; Producer: Jessica Velmans; Correspondent: Renee Poussaint

Page8

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

· OUTSTANDING COVERAGE OF A CONTINUING NEWS STORY

"KILLER VIRUS" THE LEARNING CHANNEL

Executive Producers: Mary Ellen Iwata, Peggy Girshman; Producers: Eva Zelig, Marly Carpenter

"HIGH STAKES IN CYBERSPACE" (Frontline)

PBS

Executive Producer: David Fanning; Senior Producer: Michael Sullivan; Producers: Frank & Martin Koughan; Correspondent: Robert Krulwich

FOR SEGMENTS

OUTSTANDING COVERAGE OF A CONTINUING NEWS STORY

"A TALE OF WEST VIRGINIA" (CBS News Sunday Morning)

CBS

Executive Producer: Missie Rennie; Producer: James Houtrides; Correspondent: Martha Teichner

Page9

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

OUTSTANDING INFORMATIONAL OR CULTURAL PROGRAMMING

"CARRIER: FORTRESS AT SEA" DISCOVERY

Executive Producer: Tim Cowling; Senior Producer: Mick Kaczorowski; Producers: James Lipscomb, Taima Hervas; Co-Producer: Carl Kriegeskotte

FOR SEGMENTS

OUTSTANDING INFORMATIONAL OR CULTURAL PROGRAMMING

"ALMOST HUMAN" (20/20)

ABC

Executive Producer: Victor Neufeld; Senior Producers: David Tabacoff, Meredith White; Producer: Dean Irwin; Correspondent: Hugh Downs

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

FOR PROGRAMS

OUTSTANDING HISTORICAL PROGRAMMING

"UNCLE HO AND UNCLE SAM" (A & E Investigative Reports)

Producer: Richard Bradley; Series Producer: Laurence Rees

FOR SEGMENTS

OUTSTANDING HISTORICAL PROGRAMMING

"WAR CODE: NAVAJO" (National Geographic EXPLORER)

PagelO

A&E

TBS

Executive Producer: Michael Rosenfeld; Senior Producers: Lauren Cardillo, Peter Schnall; Producers: Lena Carr, Amy Wray

"DIARY OF A YOUNG GIRL" (Primetime Live)

ABC

Executive Producer: Phyllis McGrady; Senior Producers: Ira Rosen, Mark Lukasiewicz, Marc Burstein; Producer:Jessica Velmans; Correspondent: Renee Poussaint

"AFTER THE FALL" CBS (CBS News Sunday Morning)

Executive Producer: Missie Rennie; Producer: James Houtrides; Correspondent: Bob Simon

Page 11

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION FOR OUTSTANDING NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY PROGRAM ACHIEVEMENT

"THE DYING ROOMS"

Producers: Kate Blewett, Brian Woods

"IN THE KILLING FIELDS OF AMERICA" (CBS Reports}

CINEMAX

CBS

Executive Producers: Holly Fine, Paul Fine; Co-Producers: Margaret McEvoy, David McGloin; Correspondents: Ed Bradley, Dan Rather, Mike Wallace

SPECIAL CLASSIFICATION FOR NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT

"JUPITER'S WIFE"

Producer: Michel Negroponte

"COMPLAINTS OF A DUTIFUL DAUGHTER" (P.O.V.)

CINEMAX

PBS

Executive Producers: Ellen Schneider, Marc Weiss; Producer: Deborah Hoffmann

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

OUTSTANDING GENERAL COVERAGE OFA SINGLE BREAKING NEWS STORY IN A REGULARLY SCHEDULED NEWSCAST

"COVERAGE OF RABIN FUNERAL" (CBS Evening News With Dan Rather)

Pagel2

CBS

Executive Producer: Andrew Heyward; Senior Producer: Jeff Fager; Producers: Gaby Silon, Jim McGiinchy, Tom Anderson, Jeff Fager, Linda Karas, Mike Rosenbaum, Dan Mogulof; Correspondents: Dan Rather, Bob Simon, Rita Braver, Mark Phillips

OUTSTANDING INSTANT COVERAGE OF A SINGLE BREAKING NEWS STORY IN A REGULARLY SCHEDULED NEWSCAST

"RABIN ASSASSINATION COVERAGE" (CBS Evening News with Bob Schieffer)

CBS

Executive Producer: Missie Rennie; Senior Producer: Bob Epstein; Broadcast Producer: Susan Schackman: Senior Producer in Washington: Roxanne Russell: Producers: Gaby Silon, Roxanne Russell, Bridget Foley, Joan Gilberston, Erica Zolberg, Michael Rosenbaum, Lyn Garlick; Correspondents: Jesse Schulman, Bob Simon, Rita Braver, Nanette Hansen, Bob Schieffer, Jane Robelot

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

OUTSTANDING COVERAGE OF A CONTINUING NEWS STORY IN A REGULARLY SCHEDULED NEWSCAST

"CHILDREN OF CRIME" (ABC World News Tonight With Peter Jennings)

Page13

ABC

Executive Producer: Richard Kaplan; Senior Producers: Kathryn Christensen, Carol Williams; Producers:John Schriber, Harvey Goldberg, Kate Felsen, Mary Marsh, John Beattie, Robin Gradison, Diane Mendez; Correspondents: Peter Jennings, Aaron Brown, Jackie Judd, Bill Blakemore, Tom Forman

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: WRITERS

EDWARD GRAY PBS The American Experience/"The Orphan Trains"

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: DIRECTORS

MARK STOUFFER NBC National Geographic Special: "Secrets of the Wild Panda"

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: RESEARCHERS

GERALDINE MORIBA-MEADOWS Dateline NBC: "Class Photo"

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: CINEMATOGRAPHERS

PAUL ATKINS, PETER SCOONES, DOUG ALLAN, GREG MARSHALL,

Pagel4

NBC

SCOT ANDERSON NBC National Geographic Special: "Great White Shark"

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: ELECTRONIC CAMERAPERSONS

AL GIDDINGS ABC ABC's World Of Discovery: "Blue Whale: Largest Animal On Earth"

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: SOUND/AUDIO

RICHARD BOCK PBS Rock & Roll: "Renegades"

PagelS

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: EDITORS

JUD JOHNSTON TBS National Geographic EXPLORER: "The Photographers"

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: LIGHTING DIRECTORS

CAROLE FARNEll FOSTER, RICHARD FOSTER TBS National Geographic EXPLORER: "Journey Through The Underworld"

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: GRAPHIC DESIGNERS

YUKIKO HONMA, YOKO KOIKE Planet of Life: "Ancient Oceans"

ALISA ROBBINS, RICHARD HIGGS Eyewitness: "Skeleton"

DISCOVERY

PBS

Page 16

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: TITLE SEQUENCES

JEFF WUNDERLICH, TROY MILLER, SCOTI JEFFRESS, CLYDE SMITH, KARL PETIY, RENE SIMEN "Save Our Streets"

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: ART DIRECTORS

GUY PEPPER, JAMES FENHAGEN, ERIC ULFERS Dateline NBC

OUTSTANDING INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT IN A CRAFT: MUSIC

RANDY WACHTLER, JOE HOGUE A & E Biography

SYNDICATED

NBC

A&E

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

WINNER BREAKDOWN BY PROGRAM

ABC (10)

Page 17

Prime time Live . ... .... ..... .. . .. . ...... .... ... . .... .............. .. ....... ....... ... . . . . . ....... .... ... .. ... ........ ... 3

20/20 ························································································································· 2

ABC World News Tonight With Peter Jennings ............................................... .

ABC's World of Discovery ................................................................................... .

Peter Jennings Reporting ................................................................................... .

Nightline ................................................................................................................. .

Turning Point .......................................................................................................... .

NBC (10)

Dateline NBC....................................................................................................... 8

National Geographic Special ................................... ............. .................... .... 2

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

WINNER BREAKDOWN BY PROGRAM

CBS (7)

PagelS

CBS Reports .......................................................................................................... 2

CBS News Sunday Morning ............................................................................... 2

CBS Evening News With Dan Rather ....................... ~ .. ~ .................................. .

CBS Evening News With Bob Schieffer ......................................................... ..

48 Hours ................................................................................................................. .

PBS (7)

The American Experience I "The Orphan Trains"

Eyewitness: "Skeleton" ....................................................................................... .

Frontline ................................................................................................................ .

Nova ...................................................................................................................... .

P.O.V ...................................................................................................................... .

Rock & Roll: "Renegades" .................................................................................. .

Adam Smith ........................................................................................................... .

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

WINNER BREAKDOWN BY PROGRAM

A&E (3)

A & E Biography .................................................................................................. .

A & E Investigative Reporting .......................................................................... .

Investigative Reporting ...................................................................................... .

TBS (3)

Pagel9

National Geographic EXPLORER ......... ................... .................... .................. .. . 3

CINEMAX (2)

The Dying Rooms ................................................................................................ .

Jupiter's Wife ..................................................................... · .................................. .

DISCOVERY (2)

Carrier: Fortress at Sea ...................................................................................... .

Planet of Life: "Ancient Oceans" ..................................................................... .

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF TELEVISION ARTS AND SCIENCES

1995 NEWS AND DOCUMENTARY EMMY AWARDS

WINNER BREAKDOWN BY PROGRAM

CNN ( 1)

Coverage of the Oklahoma City Rombing .................................................... .

SYNDICATED (l)

Page 20

Save Our Streets ................................................................................................... ..

THE LEARNING CHANNEL (l)

Killer Virus ................................................................................................................ .