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1. European Commission, European Economic Recovery Plan, November 2008. World Bank, Household and Government Responses to the Great Recession in Eastern Europe and Central Asia, 2011.2. Awid, Centre of Concern, Centre for Economic and Social Rights, Centre for Womens Global Leadership, Rutgers, ESCR-Net, Bringing Human Rights to Bear in Times of Crisis: a Human Rights Analysis of Government Responses to the Economic Crisis, Submission to the High-level Segment of 13th Session of the United Nations Human Rights Council on the global economic and financial crises, March 2010. , , . 3. Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, Safeguarding Human Rights in Times of Economic Crisis, Issue Paper, November 20134. .

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6 / : FIDH/HLHR

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8 / : FIDH/HLHR

.I.

, , FIDH 19 29 2014. : Noeline Blackwell, FIDH FLAC (Free Legal Advice Centers, ), - FIDH Elena Crespi, FIDH Sylvain Aubry, Global nitiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (GI-ESCR), . GI-ESCR FIDH (ETO)12 . (), - FIDH, .

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FIDH/HLHR : / 9

, () . , , , . FIDH , , . , (Task Force) (), 2011 /, Johannes Luchner.14

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14. Task Force http://ec.europa.eu/commission_2010-2014/president/taskforce-greece/index_en.htm

10 / : FIDH/HLHR

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FIDH - FIDH, Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (GI-ESCR).

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FIDH/HLHR : / 11

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15. UN Human Rights Council, 25th session, Report of the independent expert on the effects of foreign debt and other related international financial obligations of States on the full enjoyment of all human rights, particularly economic, social and cultural rights, Cephas Lumina - Addendum Mission to Greece (22 - 27 April 2013), 5 March 2014.16. 13% 1986 2009. . V. Koutsogeorgopoulou, M. Matsaganis, C. Leventi, J-D. Schneider, Fairly Sharing the Social Impact of the Crisis in Greece, OECD 2014, 1, . 9.17. .18. .

12 / : FIDH/HLHR

.19

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19. , . 16. , , , . 10% , , . , . , . 35-37.20. UN Human Rights Council, 25th session, Report of the independent expert on the effects of foreign debt, Cephas Lumina-Addendum Mission to Greece, .., . 20. . : Greek Debt Crisis: How Goldman Sachs Helped Greece to Mask its True Debt, Der Spiegel, 8 February 2010, : http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/greek-debt-crisis-how-goldman-sachs-helped-greece-to-mask-its-true-debt-a-676634.html. . , , Wall St. Helped Greece to Mask Debt Fueling Europes Crisis, The New York Times, 13 February 2010, : http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/business/global/14debt.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0. Greece rattled by hidden debt controversy, The Telegraph, 2 February 2010, : http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/comment/ambroseevans_pritchard/7140233/Greece-rattled-by-hidden-debt-controversy.html21. UN Human Rights Council, 25th session, Report of the independent expert on the effects of foreign debt, Cephas Lumina - Addendum Mission to Greece, ..22. ., .., Greece unveils austerity programme to cut deficit, BBC News, 3 February 2010, : http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/8494849.stm. Greece unveils radical austerity package, The Guardian, 3 March 2010, : http://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/mar/03/greece-austerity-measures. Greece backs new round of tax rises and spending cuts, BBC News, 3 March 2010, : http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8546589.stm.

FIDH/HLHR : / 13

.23 2 2010, , , () .24 , 110 . , , , . : 130 . , 2011 2012 , , .

, . , 50 . 2015 , , .. . , , , (PSI), 2012.25

, 2010 , , , , , , . 2012, , 150.000 , 2015, .26 13 14 , 200927 .28 13 14 2010, 13 14 (), .29

23. Greece, out of ideas, requests global aid, The New York Times, 23 April 2010, : http://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/24/business/global/24drachma.html?_r=024. , . J. Pisani-Ferry, A. Sapir, G. B. Wolff, EU-IMF Assistance to Euro-area Countries: An Early Assessment, Bruegel Blueprient Series, Volume XIX, 2013.25. ., .., Eurozone crisis: banks agree 50% reduction on Greeces debt, The Guardian, 27 October 2011, http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/oct/27/eurozone-crisis-banks-50-greece. . Statement by Charles Dallara and Jean Lemierre, Co-Chairs, Steering Committee of the Private Creditor-Investor Committee for Greece, Institute of International Finance, 9 March 2012.26. ., .., Greeces MPs clear way for $170b bailout, ABC, 13 February 2012, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2012-02-13/greece-votes-in-favour-of-austerity-plan/3826308.27. . C. Leventi, M. Matsaganis, Distributional Implications of the Crisis in Greece in 2009-2012, EUROMOD Working Paper No. EM 14/13, 2013.28. ., .., G. Wearden, Greece austerity plan: what is being voted on, , The Guardian, 29 June 2011, http://www.theguardian.com. The Wrong Target. How Governments are Making Public Sector Workers Pay for the Crisis, Labour Research Department, European Federation of Public Service Unions (EPSU), : http://www.epsu.org/IMG/pdf/Pay_cuts_report.pdf29. . C. Leventi, M. Matsaganis, Distributional Implications of the Crisis in Greece in 2009-2012, ..

14 / : FIDH/HLHR

201230 22% 25 32% 25, .31 , 20% 360 , 3 9 , .32 , 33 , 34 , .35

, . , .36 , , , , 2010 2012 ( 2010, 2011 2012).37 , ( 19% 23% 2010) , , .38 39. ,40 .41

42 , 6% , 2 . 2014.

30. 4046/2012.31. . . Complaint No. 66/2011, Decision on the Merits, 23 May 2013.32. . V. Koutsogeorgopoulou et. al., Fairly Sharing the Social Impact of the Crisis in Greece, ..33. 4019/2011, 3996/2011, 3986/2011, 4024/2011 4052/2012.34. 3863/2010.35. N 3899/2010. . UN Human Rights Council, 25th session, Report of the independent expert on the effects of foreign debt, Cephas Lumina - Addendum Mission to Greece, ..36. . OECD Economic Surveys . Greece, November 2013, Overview, OECD, 2013, http://www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/GRC_Overview_Eng_2013.pdf. V. Koutsogeorgopoulou et. al., Fairly Sharing the Social Impact of the Crisis in Greece, ..37. V. Koutsogeorgopoulou et. al., Fairly Sharing the Social Impact of the Crisis in Greece, .., . 64.38. . C. Leventi, M. Matsaganis, Distributional Implications of the Crisis in Greece in 2009-2012, ..39. , 28.452 , 22.442 2012, 21,2%. http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD40. Economist, .., 2008 , , 119.000, 38%. , . . . The Economist, Outrageous fortune, 2 November 2013.41. . European Commission, 2013 SBA Fact Sheet. Greece, http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/facts-figures-analysis/performance-review/files/countries-sheets/2013/greece_en.pdf.42. . A. Kentikelenis, M. Karanikolos, D. Reeves, M. McKee, D. Stuckler, Greeces health Crisis: from austerity to denialism, The Lancet, . 383 (2014), . 748-53 A. Kentikelenis, M. Karanikolos, I. Papanicolas, S. Basu, M. McKee, D. Stuckler, Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy, The Lancet, . 378 (2011), . 1457-58. B. E. Kondilis, S. Giannakopoulos, M. Gavana, I. Ierodiakonou, H. Waitzkin, and A. Benos, Economic Crisis, Restrictive Policies, and the Populations Health and Health Care: The Greek Case, American Journal of Public Health, . 103, . 6, June 2013, . 973-979.

FIDH/HLHR : / 15

20% 2013.43 , - 15 ( - 2004).44 11% 2010 2011, , .45 ,46 . , . , , : 2011, , , 10% , .47 , (). , ( 200) , .48 , . . , , .

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43. . European Commission, The Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece. First Review, December 2012, : http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/occasional_paper/2012/pdf/ocp123_en.pdf.44. . A. Kentikelenis, et. al., Greeces health Crisis: from austerity to denialism (2014), ..45. . OECD, OECD Health Data 2013. How Does Greece Compare, http://www.oecd.org/health/health-systems/oecdhealthdata.htm46. . A. Kentikelenis, et. al., Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy (2011), .. . , E. Kondilis, et. al., Economic Crisis, Restrictive Policies, and the Populations Health and Health Care: The Greek Case, ..47. . A. Kentikelenis, et. al., Greeces health Crisis: from austerity to denialism (2014).48. . V. Koutsogeorgopoulou et. al., Fairly Sharing the Social Impact of the Crisis in Greece, ..,

16 / : FIDH/HLHR

, , .49

, 2011, , , Indignados. 25 , , , , 2011 , . 5 , 300.000 .50

28 2011, , , , , , , . , , .51

.52

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49. B. . Smith, Greek bailout: Athens burns and crisis strikes at heart of the EU, The Guardian, 5 May 2010, http://web.archive.org/web/20100506032545/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/may/05/greek-bailout-economic-crisis-deaths. M. Brabant, Three dead as Greece protest turns violent, BBC News, 5 May 2010, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8661385.stm.50. . 5 2011: , , 6 2011.51. . Amnesty International, Greece urged not to use excessive force during protests, press release of 16 June 2011. Amnesty International, Tear gas fired as Greek police clash with Athens protesters, press release of 29 June 2011. . , Violent Clashes in the Streets of Athens, The New York Times, 29 June 2011 H. Smith, Greek police face investigation after protest violence, The Guardian, 1 July 2011. 52. . Amnesty International, Police violence in Greece - not just isolated incidents, 2012, : http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/EUR25/005/2012/en/edbf2deb-ae15-4409-b9ee-ee6c62b3f32b/eur250052012en.pdf53. . Greece Orders Public Power Employees Back to Work, The Wall Street Journal, 5 July 2014, : online.wsj.com/articles/greece-orders-public-power-employees-back-to-work-1404571606. . Greek workers face arrest for being on strike, EUObserver, 13 July 2014, http://euobserver.com/opinion/124952 Greek government threatens to arrest teachers over strike, RT, 13 May 2013, : http://rt.com/news/austerity-measure-teachers-strike-192/ Greek subway workers end strike after arrest threat, Reuters UK, 25 January 2013, : http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/01/25/uk-greece-transport-police-idUKBRE90O07820130125.

FIDH/HLHR : / 17

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54. . Future Greek governments must be bound to austerity strategy, EU Observer, 21 November 2011, : http://euobserver.com/economic/114344

18 / : FIDH/HLHR

9,38% , .55

, 2013.56

55. . European Parliament, Results of the 2014 European Elections, http://www.results-elections2014.eu/en/country-results-el-2014.html56. . Golden Dawn leader jailed ahead of Greek criminal trial, The Guardian, 3 October 2013, : http://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/oct/03/golden-dawn-leader-jailed-nikos-michaloliakos

FIDH/HLHR : / 19

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20 / : FIDH/HLHR

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57. .58. 9 : , , , , , . 151 - , 1961 1989, , inter alia, . 59. 6(1) : , 7 2000 [...], .60. . .61. , , . Malcolm Langford (.), Social Rights Jurisprudence, Cambridge, 2008.

FIDH/HLHR : / 21

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62. 1 ( ) 2 ( ), 3 ( ) 4 ( ) 5 ( ) 6 ( ).63. . Ben Saul, David Kinley and Jacqueline Mowbray, The International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights: Commentary, Cases and Material, Oxford University Press, 2014, . 273, 275-278. 64. : , 1947 (. 81) , 1964 (. 122) (), 1969 (.129) ( ) 1976 (. 144). 65. 12.

22 / : FIDH/HLHR

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66. 11.67. CESCR General Comment 14, . 868. CESCR General Comment 18, . 6.69. , , -, ICESCR.70. CESCR General Comment 18, . 12 CESCR General Comment 14, . 8, . 12. , , , , .

FIDH/HLHR : / 23

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71. , , , , , , . . CESCR General Comments . 13 (1990), . 46 47, . 14 (2000), . 33, . 17 (2005), . 28, . 18 (2005), . 22 . 21, . 48. . , Limburg Principles on the Implementation of the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, . 6.

72. CESCR, General Comment 3, U.N. Doc. E/1991/23 (1990), . 9.73. .74. , . 10.75. . .. Philipa Mladovsky, Divya Srivastava, Jonathan Cylus, Marina Karanikolos, Tams Evetovits, Sarah Thomson, Martin McKee, Policy Summary 5: Health policy responses to the financial crisis in Europe, World Health Organization, 2012, . viii: : n .

24 / : FIDH/HLHR

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. FIDH (), 180.000 2010. 2013, Economist 2008, , , 119.000, 38%.77

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76. CESCR, General Comment 18, . 12 (a).77. Business in Greece: Outrageous fortune, The Economist, 2 November 2013, : http://www.economist.com/news/business/21588914-survivors-crisis-are-those-move-fast-and-think-creatively-outrageous-fortune 78. European Commission Directorate-General for Enterprise and Industry, 2013 SBA Fact Sheet: Greece, 2013, p. 2, : http://ec.europa.eu/enterprise/policies/sme/facts-figures-analysis/performance-review/files/countries-sheets/2013/greece_en.pdf

FIDH/HLHR : / 25

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, , . 2012 2013 75.000 , . , . , , . , , , . , , . , , , . , , , . ,

79. : http://www.tradingeconomics.com/greece/unemployment-rate80. . 1918, .81. Eurostat, 2014.

Fokas , 2014 - Sylvain Aubry / Global Initiative for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.

K , 2014 - Elena Crespi / FIDH.

26 / : FIDH/HLHR

30% 2010 25%, (1,6% 2,3% )82. , 2014, 2015. .

, . 1%, . ( ) 10%, .83

, , 2014.84 , .85 , .

, . . , , ( ). ( )86 .87

82. Financial crisis and defense cuts: The view from Greece, International Security Observer, 29 January 2014, : http://securityobserver.org/financial-crisis-and-defense-cuts-the-view-from-greece/83. FIDH , 2 2013, : http://www.enetenglish.gr/?i=news.en.article&id=143884. European Parliament, Resolution of 13 March 2014 on Employment and social aspects of the role and operations of the Troika (ECB, Commission and IMF) with regard to euro area programme countries (2014/2007(INI)), . 6, 15.85. International Monetary Fund, Greece: Ex Post Evaluation of Exceptional Access under the 2010 Stand-by Arrangement, IMF Country Report No. 13/156, June 2013, : http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/scr/2013/cr13156.pdf. . . 84, . 15.86. European Commission, Second Economic Adjustment Programme for Greece, March 2012, : http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/occasional_paper/2012/pdf/ocp94_en.pdf. 87. , , (. 19), 195 . , FIDH , , ( ), , ( ECFIN). .

FIDH/HLHR : / 27

2011 . :

, , , , . , , , .88

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.92 , , . , , , . , . , ,

88. ILO, Report on the High Level Mission to Greece (Athens, 19-23 September 2011), 2011, . 84.89. , . 331.90. , . 332.91. European Committee of Social Rights, Conclusions XX-1 (2012), January 2013, . 6.92. : http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/assistance_eu_ms/greek_loan_facility/

28 / : FIDH/HLHR

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, . 1,4 110.000 , . , , , .

, . , , . , , . .

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93. European Parliament, Resolution of 13 March 2014 on Employment and social aspects of the role and operations of the Troika, .., . 6.94. European Commission, The Second Economic Adjustment: Programme for Greece, Fourth Review-April 2014, Summary for non-specialists, Occasional Papers No. 192, April 2014, : http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/publications/occasional_paper/2014/pdf/ocp192_summary_en.pdf95. . , , . : http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/assistance_eu_ms/greek_loan_facility/. 96. World Health Organisation, General Comment No. 14 (2000) ( 12), 11 August 2000, . 12(a), : http://apps.who.int/disasters/repo/13849_files/o/UN_human_rights.htm.

FIDH/HLHR : / 29

. , . 6% , . : , 2011, 5,9% 2011 7%. (6,7%) , , , . , , . , , , , .

, , (. ), 2010 , , , , .

2011 *

1 9.49282 8.87153 8.65944 8.43325 7.98136 7.88617 7.58748 7.28759 6.993710 6.644711 6.461712 6.33413 6.243214 6.174415 5.939116 5.803217 5.593618 5.191219 4.940220 4.687821 4.53

* Public expenditure in health in EU countries member of the OECD in 2011 as percentage of the GDP, OECD, 2011, http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA#http://stats.oecd.org/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=SHA

30 / : FIDH/HLHR

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97. .98. OECD, OECD Health Statistics 2013-Country Notes, Greece, 2014, http://www.oecd.org/els/health-systems/Briefing-Note-GREECE-2013.pdf

FIDH/HLHR : / 31

. 2010, , 3,3 1.000 7,8, .99 ,100 , , , . FIDH , , .

, . , , .101 : , , , . , , . FIDH . , HIV, .

, , . , , , , . , Lancet, , 40 , , , , , .102

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99. OECD, Health at a Glance: Europe 2012, OECD Publishing, 2012, . 72-73.100. OECD, OECD Health Statistics 2013-Country Notes, Greece, 2014, . 2.101. A. Kentikelenis, et. al. Greeces health crisis: from austerity to denialism (2014), .., . 748.102. , . 748.

32 / : FIDH/HLHR

20% 2010 2011, 55% 2011 2012, 2,5 , 3,3% 2008 8,2% 2011. E, 36% 2009 2011 , , .103

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103. , . 750.104. European Parliament, Resolution on Employment and social aspects of the role and operations of the Troika, .., 13 March 2014, . 8.105. , . 14.106. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 18, 24 November 2005, . 12(b).107. European Parliament, Resolution on Employment and social aspects of the role and operations of the Troika (ECB, Commission and IMF) with regard to euro area programme countries (2014/2007(INI)), A7-0135/2014, 13 March 2014, . 9.

FIDH/HLHR : / 33

25 : Eurostat

FIDH . : . . ,

, , . , 20 , 21 .108 Der Spiegel, 120.000 .109 , , .

, . FIDH (.. , , , , ) , . , .

, , , . FIDH . , , .

2012, , , 2012 . : :

108. Andrea Pelliccia, Greece: education and brain dead in times of crisis, IRPPS WPs, n. 54 (2013), : http://www.academia.edu/5719868/Greece_education_and_brain_drain_in_times_of_crisis109. Brain Drain: 120,000 Professionals Leave Greece Amid Crisis, Der Spiegel, 10 April 2013, : http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/unemployment-and-recession-in-greece-lead-to-brian-drain-a-893519.html

34 / : FIDH/HLHR

, , , , , , . , , . , , , , , .110

, , .111 , , 2008, 2009, 2013 31,4% 24,5% . , , .112 , , .113

, , . ,114 . , . .115 FIDH , ,

110. Greek Ombudsman, Equal Treatment of Men and Women in Employment and Labour relations - Special Report 2012: Executive summary, December 2012, available at http://www.synigoros.gr/resources/gender-and-labour-relations-special-report-2012.pdf, . 1.111. European Parliament, Resolution on Employment and social aspects of the role and operations of the Troika, .., 13 March 2014, . 19: [] , , - .112. ILO, Report on the High Level Mission to Greece (Athens, 19-23 September 2011), .., . 318.113. .114. European Committee of Social Rights, Conclusions XX-1 (2012), January 2013, . 7.115. 4251/2014, 138, . 12, , . 100 ( ) . 30 2014 , , 2014.

FIDH/HLHR : / 35

, , , . , , , , , . , , , , . : 2009, 600.000 2014 450.000.116

, , , , , .

. , , ( , , ) .117 , . , .118

, , . : [] [] () [] [].119

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116. Anna Triandafyllidou, Migration in Greece: Recent Developments in 2014, ELIAMEP, October 2014, : http://www.eliamep.gr/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Migration-in-Greece-Recent-Developments-2014_2.pdf117. European Parliament, Resolution on Employment and social aspects of the role and operations of the Troika, .., 13 March 2014, . 10. . ILO, Report on the High Level Mission to Greece (Athens, 19-23 September 2011), .., .. 318118. . 119. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 14, 2000, . 12(b).120. , 4 9 : ) , ) , ) , ) , , ) , ) , ) , ) , ) .

36 / : FIDH/HLHR

10% , , , . , , .121

: Eurostat

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, : Eurostat

.124 . 10% .125 .

121. Eurostat, July 2014.122. European Parliament, Resolution on Employment and social aspects of the role and operations of the Troika .., . 17.123. Eurostat, July 2014. 124. Philipa Mladovsky et. al., Health policy responses to the financial crisis in Europe, ..125. .

FIDH/HLHR : / 37

, 2014, , , , , , .126 4//.48985/2014,127 , , 2014, . , . , , , , . , .

. , , Lancet :

2011, 3 5 ( ), 10% , . (1 ) 2014. 25 2014, , . .. .128

, , ( 200 ) ( , ) .129 , , , .

126. European Commission, The Second Economic Adjustment: Programme for Greece, Fourth Review April 2014, Occasional Papers No. 192 (April 2014), . 221.127. . 4//.48985/2014 1465//5.6.2014, . 139491/2006 ( 1747/. ), , , : http://admin.fthiotidoscc.gr/images/kya48985-2014-8_F3544.6.2014.pdf 128. A. Kentikelenis, et. al., Greeces health crisis: from austerity to denialism (2014), .., . 749.129. V. Koutsogeorgopoulou, et al., Fairly Sharing the Social Impact of the Crisis in Greece, .., . 36.

38 / : FIDH/HLHR

, ,130 , . , , , . 70% , , .131 ( ).132

. , , . . , Praksis,133 , . , ,134 , . 2012 . : . , , , .

Praksis , 2014 - Elena Crespi / FIDH

. Praksis, FIDH ,

, ,

130. . 4//.48985/2014 1465//5.6.2014, . 139491/2006 ( 1747/. ), , , ..131. Alexander Kentikelenis, Marina Karanikolos, Aaron Reeves, Martin McKee, David Stuckler, Greeces health crisis: from austerity to denialism, Lancet 2014; 383: 74853, . 749.132. Alexander Kentikelenis, Marina Karanikolos, Irene Papanicolas, Sanjay Basu, Martin McKee, David Stuckler, Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy, Lancet 2011; 378: 1457-1458, . 1457.133. Praksis : http://www.praksis.gr/ 134. : http://kiathess.gr/

FIDH/HLHR : / 39

, . , FIDH .

, . 75% . 20% 75% , .

, 2014 - Elena Crespi / FIDH

, 50% . , , , . ,

. , 40% 400.000 . 12.000 , , .

FIDH , . , . , , , . , ,

: , , , , .

( ) FIDH:

. , . , . , . . . .

: .

40 / : FIDH/HLHR

. , 135 , FIDH . . , , . , FIDH .

, , . . , , , 13 , .136 , 2012.137 , , , , .138 , , FIDH, , , , .

, , , , . , , , , :

. []

135. Mdecins du Monde, Access to healthcare for the most vulnerable in a Europe in social crisis: Focus on pregnant women and children, May 2014.136. European Committee of Social Rights, Conclusions XX-2 (2013) on Greece, January 2014. 137. 4/.45610 2/5/2012. , . 2005, ( 518.2/2/2005) , , .138. Mdecins du Monde, Access to healthcare in Europe in times of crisis and rising xenophobia: n overview of the situation of people excluded from healthcare systems, April 2013, . 42.

:

FIDH .

( ) FIDH:

, 2011. , 2013. .

, 7 7 .

, . , .

. : , . 250 , 400. .

, , , .

, 2005.

FIDH/HLHR : / 41

. , , , . [] , . [] [] , . . , , , (5.000 ) .139

, 140 141 , . . , . ( , , .) ( , , , ). . 7,3% (2006) 9, 9% 2012 . , 50% , , 27, , .

139. V. Koutsogeorgopoulou, et al., Fairly Sharing the Social Impact of the Crisis in Greece, .., . 36.140. Council of Europe Parliamentary Assembly, Resolution 1946 (2013), 26 June 2013, . 4.141. A. Kentikelenis, et. al., Greeces health crisis: from austerity to denialism (2014), ..

42 / : FIDH/HLHR

: Eurostat

, , . , , , ( ). , , FIDH , .

August 2014.Self-reported unmet needs for medical examination, disaggregated by cause (percentages)*

Reason 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Difference2006-2012

Too expensive

3.1 3.2 4.5 4.6 4.2 4 4.2 6.2 6.5 +44%

Too far to travel

0,5 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,3 0,5 0,4 0,5 0,3 -25%

No time 0,4 0,6 0,6 0,5 0,6 0,7 1 0,5 0,8 +33%

Did not know a good doctor or specialist

0 0,1 0 0 0 0 0 0,1 0 0%

Waiting time 0,4 0,8 0,8 0,6 1 1 0,9 0,8 1,2 +50%

Fear of doctor, hospital, examination or treatment

0,3 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,5 0,4 0,4 0,4 0,3 0%

Wanted to wait and see

0,5 0,5 0,5 0,3 0,6 0,6 0,6 0,4 0,3 -40%

Other reasons

0,1 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,2 0,3 0,2 0,5 0,5 +150%

FIDH/HLHR : / 43

, (2012): Eurostat.

, . ,

2006 2012. Eurostat .

, ( %)*

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2006 2012

- 27

9,4 8,1 6,9 6,5 6,8 6,6 6.7 6.4 -21%

5,3 6,4 7,3 6,7 7,4 7,5 7,7 9,4 9,9 +36%

5,9 6,8 7,7 7,3 8,2 8,7 8,8 10,6 11,1 +44%

7,3 5,7 8,1 7,7 9,8 9,1 10,7 12,1 12 +48%

(20% )

9 10,1 8,8 11,6 10,7 13 11,2 12,9 14 +59%

* .

44 / : FIDH/HLHR

( %): Eurostat

)

. , , , .142

, , . FIDH , . 2007, 50% 2013. . , , , .143 , , .

. , , . . ,

142. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 18, 24 November 2005, . 12(c).143. Zoe Lanara-Tzotze, The impact of anti-crisis measures and the social and employment situation: Greece, European Economic and Social Committee, : http://www.eesc.europa.eu/resources/docs/qe-31-12-350-en-c.pdf, . 7.

FIDH/HLHR : / 45

, . . :

, , , , , . , .144

, 26% 2008 44% 2012, 17,8%.145 , 2000 , , 2008, 2.037 , , 15% .146

, . , . , 100 , .147 :

:

.

, .

, , .

.148

,

144. ILO, Report on the High Level Mission to Greece (Athens, 19-23 September 2011), .., . 311.145. OECD statistics, August 2014.146. OECD statistics, August 2014.147. Zoe Lanara-Tzotze, The impact of anti-crisis measures and the social and employment situation: Greece, European Economic and Social Committee, available at http://www.eesc.europa.eu/resources/docs/qe-31-12-350-en-c.pdf, . 5.

148. .

46 / : FIDH/HLHR

.. . , , , . , , . , , .149

2012, . , , ,150 , .151 , , , , .152 , , , , , ,153 .154

, , . , . . 2008 2013, 15% : , (3%) . , (2,41) , (2,82), (2,94) (2,98).

149. ILO, 365th Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association, GB.316/INS/9/1 (116 November 2012), . 805.150. , . 988.151. . International Trade Union Confederation, Greece: the anti-labour austerity reforms condemned by the ILO, 4 December 2012, , : http://www.ituc-csi.org/greece-the-greek-anti-labour152. ILO, 365th Report of the Committee on Freedom of Association, .., . 995.153. ILO, Report on the High Level Mission to Greece (Athens, 19-23 September 2011), .., . 304.154. , . 306.

FIDH/HLHR : / 47

, 2008-2013* ( 2008-2013)

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2008 2013

1 3,51 3,51 3,31 3,31 2,90 2,69 -24%

2 2,85 2,85 2,85 2,44 2,44 2,41 -15%

3 2.63 2.63 2.63 2.63 2,16 2.26 -14%

4 2,66 2,66 2,66 2,56 2,56 2,28 -14%

5 2,33 2,33 2,07 2,07 2,07 2,07 -11%

6 1.10 1.10 1.10 1,10 1,01 1,01 -9%

7 2,26 2,26 2,26 2,26 2,26 2,07 -8%

8 3,03 3,03 3,03 3,03 3,03 2,79 -8%

9

1,71 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,71 1,62 -6%

10 2,71 2,71 2,71 2,71 2,71 2,62 -4%

11 2,37 2,36 2,36 2,35 2,32 2,29 -3%

12 2.75 2.75 2.75 2.75 2,66 2,66 -3%

13 2,87 2,82 2,82 2,82 2,82 2,82 -2%

14 2,70 2,70 2,70 2,67 2,67 2,67 -1%

15

1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 1.17 0%

16 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 1.51 0%

17 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 1.80 0%

18 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09 2.09 0%

19 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 2.10 0%

20 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 0%

21 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 2.17 0%

22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 2.22 0%

23 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 2.31 0%

24 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 2.39 0%

25 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44 2.44 0%

26 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 2.46 0%

27 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 2.47 0%

28 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 2.52 0%

29 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 2.74 0%

30 2.95 2.95 3.08 3.08 2.95 2.95 0%

31 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 2.98 0%

32 2.93 2.88 2.88 2.88 2.88 2,94 0%

33 2,27 2,27 2,27 2,32 2,32 2,32 2%

34 1,98 1,98 1,98 1,98 2,07 2,07 5%

35 1,63 1,63 1,99 1,99 1,99 1,94 19%

*The OECD indicators on Employment Protection Legislation, OECD, 2013, :http://www.

oecd.org/employment/emp/oecdindicatorsofemploymentprotection.htm#details/

. , , , , ,

48 / : FIDH/HLHR

, . 155

. , , . , inter alia, , , , .156

, , . ( , .) . ( ) 65% . ( ) 2.000 . . , . , FIDH . , . () , . FIDH 200 . , , : .

, . , , . . () , 2013, 7.000 , 24 . , , .157 2013 10,3%, 2.598 25.163 12,4% ( 3.147 , 25.303 , ). . [...], , : .158

155. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 14, 2000, . 12(c).156. .157. 6.872 5 , 30 2013, : http:// http://www.enet.gr/?i=news.el.article&id=395272 . , , http://www.enetenglish.gr/?i=news.en.article&id=1575158. .

FIDH/HLHR : / 49

, 159 ( 2014) . FIDH . , , . . , FIDH, 52 , . , , , , .

, , o . , . FIDH , , 25% 5%. , .

, , . , FIDH, , , . . , , 5 . , . , . , .

, . FIDH , . , , . The Lancet, , .160 . FIDH

159. ., .., Daphne Kaitelidou and Eugenia Kouli, Greece: the health system in a time of crisis, Eurohealth, Vol. 18, No.1, 2012. , 6.872 . , , , , , , , , , , , , .

160. A. Kentikelenis, et al., Health effects of financial crisis: omens of a Greek tragedy (2011), . 1457.

50 / : FIDH/HLHR

, , , . , , , .

.II

, , . , , , , , , , .

(, , ), , , , . , .

, . , . , , ,

.II.I

, , . , , , ,

FIDH/HLHR : / 51

.161 , , .

. , , , , .162 , , , ( Marfin),163 . , , .164 , , / .165 , () .166

, , , , , , , , ,

161. ( ) , , , . , , , , . , per se , 20 , ( 8), ( 2(3), ( 13) ( 47) . 162. 28 2011. . Greek police face investigation after protest violence, The Guardian, 1 July 2011, : http://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/01/greek-police-investigation-protest-violence.163. 5 2010, , , Marfin, , .164. Amnesty International, Police Violence in Greece. Not just isolated incidents, EUR 25/005/2012, July 2012.165. Amnesty International, Greece: Alleged abuse in the policing of demonstrations, March 2009, EUR 25/001/2009. B. UN Committee Against Torture (UN CAT), Concluding observations on Greece, CAT/C/GRC/CO/5-6, 27 June 2012. 166. , () 2 ( ) 3 ( ) . : (2004), (2007), Celniku (2007), (2009). ( 3) : (2005), Mhn Ghassan Alsayed Allaham (2007), Zelilof (2007), (2007), Galotskin (2010) (2010). , , , , , .

52 / : FIDH/HLHR

, .167

, , . , , ,168 . ,

.169 , , , . ,170 171 , .172

167. Amnesty International, Police Violence in Greece. Not just isolated incidents, EUR 25/005/2012, July 2012. , 2008, , . (2010-2012). 168. 11, 12 14 : . 19, 20 19, 21 (ICCPR) 10,11 11, 12 . ( 12, 13, 14). (87) , (. 5) .) 169. Amnesty International, Greece: a law unto themselves: a culture of abuse, and impunity in the Greek police (2014), .., . 11. 170. 5 , 7 , 1984, , 4 .171. . 6 (1) 9 (1) ICCPR , 2 , (. 3) 5 .172. , ( ), , . 13 14 .

15 , , 6 2009

, , 2011. Copyright:

FIDH/HLHR : / 53

. .173 , .

, , . .174 , .175

, , ,176 , .177 ( 6), .178

173. Amnesty International, Greece: a law unto themselves: a culture of abuse, and impunity in the Greek police (2014), .., . 11. 174. 6 . . 74 141/1991 , .175. 9 , 9 ICCPR, 5 (). . . .. 5(2) , 9 (2) ICCPR, 10 , 55(2) 60 (1) (). 176. , , . . : , , 27 2010, : http://www.hlhr.gr/index.php?MDL=pages&SiteID=59. 177. Christos Syllas, Greece: Freedom of expression takes a beating, 31 December 2013, : http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2013/03/free-speech-takes-a-beating-in-greece/.178. . . 9(1) ICCPR , 17 (2) () , 5 (1) , 2 . - . 5(1) , . , , . . , . , , , , , , . , . . 14(3)() ICCPR , 6(3)() . . 1 , . , . . , . . . . , , 48 . . 7 , 18(3) 15 .

54 / : FIDH/HLHR

. ,179 , .180

, , ,181 . , , . , , , 182 , . , ( ), .

, FIDH , . , 2013. , , , . , , .

,

179. . . : UN CAT, Concluding observations on Greece, CAT/C/GRC/CO/5-6, 27 June 2012, . 10 European Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT), Report on the visit to Greece from 19 to 27 January 2011, January 2012. . Nils Muiznieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe, Report following his visit to Greece from 28 January to 1 February 2013, 16 April 2013, CommDH(2013)6, Strasbourg, 16 April 2013, . 22. Police Violence in Greece (2012), A law unto themselves (2014), , , .180. Amnesty International, Greece: a :law unto themselves: a culture of abuse, and impunity in the Greek police, 3 April 2014, EUR/25/005/14. . 181. 2013, , , , , , . . , 2013, http://www.hlhr.gr/images/site/1010/1035_large/report2013final.pdf182. , 2013, . 44 2013, 23 . , , . 31 / , . 12 . . , 2013, .., . 8.

FIDH/HLHR : / 55

, . , . , , , .

, FIDH , , . , , , .183 , , . , , 184 ,185 . , .186 , , , , .187

, , , . FIDH

183. UN CAT, Concluding observations on Greece, CAT/C/GRC/CO/5-6, 27 June 2012, . 2-3. , , , , , . Nils Muiznieks , () , , . Report by Nils Muiznieks, Commissioner for Human Rights of the Council of Europe following his visit to Greece from 28 January to 1 February 2013, CommDH(2013)6, Strasbourg, 16 April 2013, . 109.184. Amnesty International, Police Violence in Greece. Not just isolated incidents, EUR 25/005/2012, July 2012. 185. . UN CAT, Concluding observations on Greece, CAT/C/GRC/CO/5-6, 27 June 2012.186. 1984 137 . Amnesty International, Police Violence in Greece. Not just isolated incidents, ..187. 2012 (Optional Protocol to the Convention Against Torture - OPCAT), , . , , , . . Amnesty International, Police Violence in Greece. Not just isolated incidents, .. FIDH .

56 / : FIDH/HLHR

, , . , , , , .188

, FIDH . , ( ).

.189 190 . , ,191 . . , .192 , , / ( ) , . . , ,

188. , 2012, . , he Guardian, . . Greek anti-fascist protesters tortured by police after Golden Dawn clash, The Guardian, Tuesday 9 October 2012, : http://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/oct/09/greek-antifascist-protesters-torture-police. 189. . UN CAT, Concluding observations on Greece, CAT/C/GRC/CO/5-6, 27 June 2012. , , .190. , ( 3938/2011 2011, 78/2011 4058/2012 4249/2014). , , , . 191. 2013 , . . , 2013, .., . 1.192. . . . , 2013, .., . 11-12.

FIDH/HLHR : / 57

.193 . , , , . 194 . , ( 19) ( ). , , de facto .195

.II.II

, , . .196 197 536.910 9,39%. 11,13% 16,12% , . , , . , , , . , , 198 . , ( ),199

193. . 194. .195. , 2013, .., . 12-13. 196. Nathalie Savaricas, Economic chaos sees Greek voters swing to fringe parties, EU Observer, 13 February 2014.197. . , , 1 1985 1993. , , . , , , , , , . , .198. Nathalie Savaricas, Economic chaos sees Greek voters swing to fringe parties, ..199. .

58 / : FIDH/HLHR

.200 , .

. . . , .

, , . , , .

, , , . , , 2012, , . , 2011 ( ), . . ,

200. : , . , , : Dimitris Psarras, The rise of the Neo-Nazi party Golden Dawn in Greece, Rosa Luxemburg Stiftung, Brussels Office, 2013, . 33.

2014 - Elena Crespi / FIDH

FIDH/HLHR : / 59

, ,201 , , . , 202

, ( )203 . , / , , . , !. , , .204 , ( ), , , . , , .

]

, , ,

201. Eva Cosse, The story behind Golden Dawns success, EU Observer, 4 June 2104. 202. . , , : , , , , . , , . 203. , , . 204. ., , Nathalie Savaricas, Greeces Golden Dawn seeks allies in EP, EU Observer, 22 May 2014 Maria Margaronis, Fear and loathing in Athens: the rise of Golden Dawn and the far right, The Guardian, 26 October 2012.

60 / : FIDH/HLHR

. , , .205 , , .206

, , , . , , , , , . , , .207 .

. , , . , . 2015.

: , . , , , . , FIDH .

O , .208 FIDH, , ,

205. Maria Margaronis, .. . , , , .206. . 207. Nathalie Savaricas, Greeces Golden Dawn seeks allies in EP, ..208. Nathalie Savaricas, Economic chaos sees Greek voters swing to fringe parties, EU Observer, 13 February 2014 Fear and loathing in Athens: the rise of Golden Dawn and the far right, The Guardian, 26 October 2012.

FIDH/HLHR : / 61

. . , , .209

, , FIDH , (UNHCR) , .210

, , , , , (.. ) . 211

. , 212 FIDH . , , , . , , , , , , . , , .213 214 FIDH. .215 , ,

209. , , , . 210. , , . , , , .211. .212. (.), . , , , , Rosa Luxembourg Stiftung- , 2014.213. , . 5-11.214. : , , . 215. , , ( ) ( ). , . , , , , . . (.), , .. . , Damian Mac Con Uladh, Ultra-right influential in Greek state, says study, The Irish Times, 7 April 2014.

62 / : FIDH/HLHR

, 17% 2013.216 , , .217 , , , . .218 FIDH , , .

, 2011, . , , : 2009, [] , . , , .219

-, , 2013 , , . , , . , , , .

216. , 2013, : http://www.synigoros.gr/?i=stp.el.annreports.167791217. , . .218. , , 2012. The Guardian, , , , . , , , . , , . . (.), , .., : [ ] (, , ) (. ), , , (. 93-94).219. . : http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKaaCdFnKns.

FIDH/HLHR : / 63

.220 , . , , : . , , .221 , , , , , 21 . , , , .

, , , , , , .222

III.II.III

, . , , .

220. . , , , . , , . . , . , , , (), , , , 18.9.2013, . () , . , . . (.), , .., . 86-87.221. , . ., , , , - FIDH, , Martin Schulz, 21 2014, : http://www.liguedh.be/images/PDF/documentation/positions_de_la_ligue/janv2014_courrier_presidenceue_violation_dh_grece_dette_illegitime.pdf. ( ) , , , . 222. , , (.. 24 2014 , ). , , .

64 / : FIDH/HLHR

, 84 Word Press Freedom Index, , 14 2012 53 2008. () .223

2014. :

, .224

, , . , . . , . 225

T , , . Hot Doc . 2012 ( ), 200 ,

223. Reporters Without Borders, Word Press Freedom Index 2013, 2013, : http://fr.rsf.org/IMG/pdf/classement_2013_gb-bd.pdf.224. .225. Christos Syllas, Greece: Freedom of expression takes a beating, 31 December 2013, : http://www.indexoncensorship.org/2013/03/free-speech-takes-a-beating-in-greece/

FIDH/HLHR : / 65

.226 , Hot Doc. , , , Dunja Mijatovic, . . , . , .227

FIDH, , , . World Press Freedom Index , , , , , .228

, , , The Guardian 2012. , , , , . , . , , . , .229

226. , , , . . Philip Di Salvo, Greece: Crisis Raises Censorship on the Media, European Journalism Observatory, 9 November 2012, : http://en.ejo.ch/5887/press_freedom_censorship/greece-crisis-censorship-media-vaxevani.227. M , , . Christos Syllas, Free speech takes a beating in Greece, ..228. , , , 2012, . TV. , . . Christos Syllas, Free speech takes a beating in Greece, .. 2012, . FIDH , , .

229. . Index on Censorship . Index on Censorship. , . . Christos Syllas, Free speech takes a beating in Greece, ..

66 / : FIDH/HLHR

, , . , , , : , . , . , . , , . 230 , .231

. , . , , , .232 , , , .

, .233 . , , .234 , , , .235 , ,

230. , , , 2008. , YouTube , . Apostolis Fotiadis, Greece: Social Media Advances Against Elite Owners, IPS, 16 September 2011 : http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/09/greece-social-media-advances-against-elite-owners/.231. The Guardian, 2012, . Index on Censorship ( , , ), , . Christos Syllas, Greece: Freedom of expression takes a beating, ..232. Apostolis Fotiadis, Press Freedom on the Chopping Block, Inter Press Service, 6 March 2013. Unfollow, , Aegean Oil, . , , , , . M , Thomson Reuter . . 233. .234. Reporters Without Borders, Greece: is the crisis in Greece a chance for its media?, Investigation Report, August 2011. 235. .

FIDH/HLHR : / 67

, . .236 , , , . , .237

.238 , . , , , .239

. , .240 , , . . , , , .241 , , .242 , , , , .

, FIDH , , ( , ).

236. , , , . Reporters Without Borders, Greece: is the crisis in Greece a chance for its media?, ..237. .238. , , , , , Athens Indymedia ( Independent Media Centre, Seattle 1999 ) .239. Reporters Without Borders, Greece: is the crisis in Greece a chance for its media?, .. , , 2011, ( ) . .240. , . 18-20.241. . . . . Christos Syllas, Free speech takes a beating in Greece, ..242. Amnesty International, Greece: conviction of blogger another blow to freedom of expression, 20 2014, EUR 25/001/2014. 52

68 / : FIDH/HLHR

2012 Facebook, . , . , . , 10 . , . , , , . , 1951, , . , , . , .

. , .243 , , .244 , , .245 , , , .

, 2013, . 11 2013 , , . , , . , , FIDH.

243. media, , WikiLeaks, . Charles P. Ries , , , , ..., , , , . Apostolis Fotiadis, Greece: Social Media Advances Against Elite Owners, 16 2011, IPS, available at: http://www.ipsnews.net/2011/09/greece-social-media-advances-against-elite-owners/. , , , 2009.244. Reporters Without Borders, Greece: is the crisis in Greece a chance for its media?, ..245. .

FIDH/HLHR : / 69

, , , . . , , .246

, , 2.000 . 2.700 , , : he partys over. , .247 , , .

, . 300 , . , .248 , .

2013 2013, , .

() .

246. Apostolis Fotiadis, Analysis: What lurks beneath the closure of ERT, The Press Project, 7 November 2013, http://www.thepressproject.net/article/50544/Analysis-What-lurks-beneath-the-closure-of-ERT247. , , FIDH. . Maria Margaronis, Killing the messenger: Greek government shuts down the state broadcaster, The Nation, 11 June 2013.248. Apostolis Fotiadis, Analysis: What lurks beneath the closure of ERT, The Press Project, 7 2013. , , , OTE Digea ( ) . , , media. Nikos Mihalitsis, Grce, Le role des chaines prive fermeture dERT, EPT Open, 25 June 2013.

70 / : FIDH/HLHR

4 201 3 . , .249

249. , . http://company.nerit.gr

FIDH/HLHR : / 71

IV. : , , , . , . , , . , , , .

(International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights-ICESCR) , , , . 2 ICESCR , , , [], . ICESCR , , .250

, (United Nations Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural

250. Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, General Comment No. 3, The nature of States parties obligations (Fifth session, 1990), U.N. Doc. E/1991/23, annex III at 86 (1990), reprinted in Compilation of General Comments and General Recommendations Adopted by Human Rights Treaty Bodies, U.N. Doc. HRI/GEN/1/Rev. 6 at 14 (2003) at . 10

72 / : FIDH/HLHR

Rights-CESCR) , , [].

, , .251 : , , .252

, , .

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, . , . Maria Virginia Bras Gomes, CESCR, [] , , , .253

(United Nations Office of the High Commission for Human Rights-OHCHR) , , .254

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