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Transcript of alkhair.edu.pkalkhair.edu.pk/pdfdownloads/magazine4.pdf · 2016-09-08 · HEC * Peer Review ) x $ -...
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, " " " ""Farhang-e-Asfia" compiled by Syed Ahmed Dehlvi and
Noor-ul-Lughat which is compiled by Molvi Noor-ul-Hassan are
considered the major dictionaries of their times. Even today these
ddictionaries are considered authentic. In these dictioneries there
are certain common words which differ in their pronunciation,
dictation, meaning and way of representation.
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**Benjamin Schultze was an important early grammarian in the
tradition of Urdu Grammar writing.He was the first one who
started the discussion on historical linguistics in 1742.The history
of Urdu language can derive the important stuff from the preface
of his Grammatica Industanica.The second importance of this
grammar is that ,its contents give the brief view to understand the
language needs of the pre-colonial period in india and the trends
of orientalists of that era.
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Hindoostanee.. The original living
*/ Hindee or language of Hindustanee is termed
Nagaree,the mixed language, constituted of the Hindee
and the persian, since the conquest of India by Taimur, is
called Hindostanee and by us Moors after the portugees
who named it Morvico".(7)
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Sammua la Doctor inae chr is t ianae in l i ng vam
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Schulzio, evengalico in India Missionario. Eidit D. Jo Henry
Callenberg. Halae in Tupographia Institu Judaci, 1743
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Translata a viro Plur- Reverendo Benj. Schulzio,
Evangelico in India Missionario, Edidit D. JO Henry
Callenberg. Halae in Typographia Instituti Judaici 1744.(9)
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Genesis **,*
, Genesis *,*
Gerald H. Anderson *
"He was responsible for translating part of Genesis in to a
southern form of Hindustani, called Dakhini, printed at
Halle in Arabic characters in 1745, followed by Psalms,
Gospels and Episties. He also compiled a grammar of the
Telugu Language (1728, not printed until 1984 at Halle).
As well as a grammar of Hindustani (first printed at Halle in
1745 and reprinted in 1964)"(10)
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Wm. B. Eerdsman publishing, 1999.
** Joan Josua Ketelaar
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ù*John Shakespeare is one of those orientlists who never came to
India but did a great job for Urdu. He worked as a professor of
Hindustani (Urdu) at Adescombe and wrote a Grammar Book, a
Dictionary and many other books. This article consists of an
account of his works as well as analysis of his grammar of Urdu
language. His "A Grammar of Hindustani Language" was one of
the popular grammars of that period. He discussed Urdu grammar
on the basis of parts of speech i.e. Noun, Pronoun, Adjective,
Verb Adverb and Posteposition etc. His method is simple,
language is easy and account is brief. His discussions on word
formation and indeclinable is worth appreciation.
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Grammatical Tradition:Hindi-Hindustani Grammar,Grammarrians History and
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i- Colonel H. M. Vibart.,.Addiscombe, its heroes and men of note; .London,
Westminster A. Constable and Co.1894,P-39-40.
ii- Buckland C.E. A Dictionary of Indian Biography,London,S.Sonnenchein 1906,
P:386
*,
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,
THE HISTORY OF THE MAHOMETAN EMPIRE IN SPAIN:CONTAINING
GENERAL HISTORY OF THE ARABS, THEIR INSTITUTIONS,
CONQUESTS, LITERATURE, ARTS, SCIENCES, AND MANNERS, TO
T H E E X P U L S IO N O F T H E M O O R S . D E S IG N E D A S A N
INTRODUCTION TO THE ARABIAN ANTIQUITIES OF SPAIN, BY
JAMES CAVANAH MURPHY, ARCHITECT. LONDON PRINTED FOR
T. CADELL AND W. DA VIES, STRAND BY WILLIAM BULMER AND
CO. CLEVELAND -ROW, ST. JAMES's. 1816.
CAVANATH MURPHY ,
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,Buckland C.E. Adictionary of Indian Biography, P:386
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T.K.Bhatia, History of Hindi Grammatical Tradition:Hindi-Hindustani
G r a mma r , G r a mma r r i a n s H i s t o r y a n d P r o b l e ms , N e w Y o r k ,
E.J.Brill,1987,P-88
*
,
,
Rasheed Hassan Khan is one of the prominent experts in
Research, Tadveen e Matn and Imlaa of Urdu. He has edited the
basic and important Urdu manuscripts such as "Fasana-e-Ajaaeb",
"Bagh-o-Bahaar", "Sehr ul Bayan", "Gulzar e Naseem" and others.
He is very particular regarding the references given in the text; he
also set some basic Research rules and principles.
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Research work of Maulvi Abdul-Haq is discussed in this article.
Abdul Haq has done research studies on two types of topics, one
is "Tazkaras" and the other is phrase and poetry from South North
India. He really has put great effort in searching for the life
history of Tazkara writers. The "preambles" written by Maulvi
Abdul Haq are really informative. His "preambles" generated a lot
of literary discussions. Some very important preambles have been
discussed by Hafiz Muhamamd Shirazi, Ahsan Marharvi and
Mohi-ud-Din Qadri Zaor. All those researchers are very authetntic
in the field of research. The most memorable contributions of
Abdul Haq in his struggle and research work on classical
literature (poetry and prose) South North India. Maulvi Abdul
Haq found the old handwritten scripts of Urdu language and
literature, which if found would not have "saved" then a most
precious asset of Urdu literature would have been wasted.
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$Dr. Muhammad Sadiq is a well-known writer. He got
first Ph.D. degree in Urdu Literature from Punjab
University in 1939.
He did eminent work in Urdu Literature by writing
a book on "A History of Urdu Literature" and got
international fame. Dr. Sadiq was a educationist
and teacher. He edited several books both in English
and Urdu. These rare books describe Dr. Sadiq's point
of view about Literature and Language.
This article explores the hidden dimension of Dr.
Sadiq's work as a Murattib (text editor). The brief
introduction of these valuable books is remarkable.
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"Maulvi Muhammad *,*
, Hussain Azad : His Life, Works and Influence"
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"A History of Urdu Literature" *,*
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1- New Lamps For Old OR A Book of General Knowledge:
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"The little book has a twofold object. Its primary object is to
serve as a text-book of english for matriculation students.
But it is also aims at giving our boys and girls a broader
outlook, by explaining to them some of the more
important aspects of Modern Civilization." (1)
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2- An Anthology of English Prose:
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"The present anthology consists of simple, direct, matter of
simple language, in effect demands more fact prose,
self-discipline, both in its reading and in its writing. But this
is the language that the student of english should struggle
In other words, he learns the meaning of the acquire
language he is using. Language without meaning, without
a relationship with facts, is useless for the purpose for
which the student requires it." (2)
3- An Anthology of Modern English Poetry:
,é,$,
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, "Birds and Animals"
.+H% "War"
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"The only sure way to success is to adjust means to
ends, and if our object is to get a working knowledge
of everyday English we will find animals farm more
rewarding than Macbeth or Paradise Lost." (3)
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"It will be noted that almost all the poems selected
are free from excessive imagination. Their language is
close to prose and in many cases quite colloquial."
(4)
4- Evergreen Stories:
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"Poe was the first writer to evolve the technique of building
the single intense impression which is the essence of this
particular art form. He maintains an evenness of attitude
and tone, and a consistent flavour of style, and tells his
story with an economy and power which place him in the
first rank of short story writers of all times." (5)
#
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"So the short story is an independent, indivisible and
complete pattern of emotional motivation. Unity of
impression, in a localised sense, is the sole determining
The story writer builds up factor of the short story
emotional tension as effectively as possible and then
resolves it in surprise, giving the reader a complete and
adequat experience." (6)
5- Seven One Acts:
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This portion, is the play. It is why the play was ever
conceived and written down, it is the justification for the
completed work of art. Here the situation is concreted, and
seen in its full development." (7)
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1- Muhammad Sadiq, Dr- New Lamps For Old or A Book of General
Knowledge. Lahore: West Pak Publishing Co, 2nd edition, 1958, P iii
2- Muhammad Sadiq, Dr- An Anthology of English Prose. Lahore: Oxford
University Press, 1963, P iii - iv
3- Muhammad Sadiq, Dr- An Anthology of Modern English Poetry.
Karachi: Oxford University Press, 1965, P v
4- Ibid.
5- Muhammad Sadiq, Dr- Evergreen Stories. Lahore: Maktaba-Tul-Maarif,
d.n, P vi
6- Ibid, P xv - xvi
7- Muhammad Sadiq, Dr- Seven One Acts. Lahore: The Caxton Book
House, d.n, P xvi
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*$Travelogue is an effective way of knowing and assessing the events,
circumstances history and civilization of particular region or nation.
''Shigraf Nama-e-Valayat'' is such a mirror that reflects 18th century west
with all its vices and virtues. This travelogue was written by Munshi
Aitasam-ud-din in 1788. With respect to Occidentalism it enjoys
primary importance.
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teaching existed at oxford in some from in 1096 and developed rapidly
from 1167, when Henry 2nd banned English students from attending
the University of Paris.19
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1961, P-44
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*,,
Urdu is a mixture of various languages. It started in that golden
era when Persian was an official language. Urdu got best chance
to flourish. Persian language played a pivotal role in the growth
and development of Urdu language. and references Persian
language has been discussed in paper.
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#Man is bound by his nature. It is his nature and instinct to lobe his
own soil. Wherever he is and in what condition he is, this deep
feeling of love never weakens and he is ever ready to give any
sacrifice for the honor of his country. This feeling and sensation is
named as patriotism or country fellowship.An Artist is normally
and especially, objectively and subjectively, in both manners is
regarded as the reflector and representative of his society. He
expresses his emotions through words and it is normally beloved
that they are the most sensitive segments of community, so they
are more expressive.
There were only a few poets who acted as silent observers in this
scenario. Bahadur-Shah-Zafar, Munir Shikwa Abadi, Mustafa
Khan Sheefta, Mufti Sadr-ud-din and Fazal-Haq Khair Abadi are
the few names who were punished after 1857 for their freedom
fighting. The color of patriotism seems dominant in their whole
work.
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Patriot: a person who is devoted to and ready to support or defend
his or her country. (2)
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In the latter half of 19th century, the initiation of Lahore press,
newspapers and magazines played key role in the promotion and
publication of Urdu prose. Amongst them, most of the
newspapers and magazines had government patronage. Actually,
in the very lap of journalism, academic and literary prose
blossomed and flourished. Alongside casual news, the beginning
of essay writing, episode wise novels, critical writing,
translations, column writing and comic writing owe a lot to
magazines and newspapers. We can see a beautiful blend of
literature and journalism in the latter half of 19th century. Today
Urdu prose is touching perfection as its climax and the role of
newspapers and magazines is quite evident in this context. From
the perspective of subject matter and manner the launch of every
kind of news paper and magazine introduced Urdu prose to
innovation. Hence they blessed Urdu prose with maturity with the
addition of religious, moral, political, social and linguistic ideals
and made it to reach the climax.
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This Research Paper is about Hafiz Mehmood Sheerani who
belonged to Sheerani tribe of Afghanistan . He was born on
5th October, 1880. He was great literary personality and
richly contributed to Urdu Literature as a Researcher. This
paper depicts his remarkable Research work in Urdu
Literature.
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*,Translation is the communication of the meaning of a
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translator must have full command over the languages from
whom he intends to translate. This research paper depicts a
brief picture of various "safarnamas" travelogues which were
translated into Urdu. This paper also helps the readers to
provide details of various "safanames" which were written by
notable travel writers and were translated into Urdu.
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Allama Muhammad Iqbal is the one of those poets of 20th century
who acquired literary eminence to an extent that he influenced the
readers to the highest degree. His poetry and personality is
multidimensional owing to the fact that he was a great reformer,
thought provoking poet and eminent politician. He is known to be
the propagator of Muslim thought though his early poetry has been
influenced by Hindi impacts. This article is the critical study of
Hindi impacts in Iqbal's thought.
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This article explains Iqbal's views about the topic of "Is Religion
Possible?"Iqbal has divided religious life into three periods. He
says that re l igious experience is incommunicable and
incommunicability of religious experience gives us a clue to the
ultimate nature of ego. He describes that neither the technique of
medieval mysticism, nor nationalism, nor atheistic socialism can
cure the ills of a despairing humanity. This paper concludes that
the basic perception from which religious life moves forward is
the present slender unity of the ego and the ultimate aim of the
ego is not to see something but to be something.
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Iqbal ,ed i t t ed by M.Saeed She ikh ,Lahore : Ins t i tu t e of Is l amic
culture,1986,page143.
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Karl Marx performed scientific experiment of capitalism and
discovered hidden economical acquisition. He told that all
the relationships were connected with economics in human
society. Unfair distribution of wealth divides human beings
into classes, Karl Marx changed the history of economics
by presenting the theory "Qader Zid". Allama Iqbal
appreciates the outstanding book of Karl Marx "Das
Capital". Iqbal was a poet of sensitive, enlightened
conscious, a great thinker of the world, He was strongly
against cruelty and acquisition, Iqbal openly opposed
capitalism, imperialism, Kingship and muliate in his poetry,
Beautiful revolutionary verses are seen in iqbal poetry
which not only appreciate Marks's philosophy but also
strengthen his approach.
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poems.Name of the translator is Asghar Fahim who has also
translated Iqbal's Persian poetry "Armaghan e Hijaz" and "Payam
e Mashriq" beside his Urdu poems.These translations have great
value in Punjabi language.Asghar Fahim has translated Iqbal's
poetry not in the form of free verse but in the form as it is in
Urdu.These translations open new doors of research for not only
the researchers of Punjabi language and literature but for all the
researchers who take interest in Iqbal's poetry and translation.
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*]*History of 20th Century Urdu Literature is still without a
proper perspective. Historians and critics of Urdu Literature
have been avoiding facing this difficult and complex
exercise. As a result most of the histories of Urdu Literature
generally end up at the beginning of 20th century. Some
cover up the period up to the Romantic Movement or
Progressive movement. They cover up the general issues
in broad strokes and do not grapple with the difficult
question of the division of the Subcontinent and its effects
on Urdu Literature and Literary figures. Only one history of
Urdu Literature i.e. Dr. Hassan Akhter's "History of Urdu
Literature" covers the period up to the 3rd quarter of the
20th Century. But it also deals with the major literary
figures and not with the historical, social and political forces
which have divided the post partition period into two
different streams of literature with their own peculiar
situations. Dr. Ashraf's paper points out this major factor in
the History of Urdu Literature and the necessity to deal
with the two streams.
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takes advantage of this style of language in his writings. In
this essay a review has been made with regards to
symbolism of Pakistani poetry.
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+Knowledge and teaching, both play an important and basicrole in the development and building of a nation. There is agreat need that knowledge should be increased according tonew horizen of life and society's need. Specially, forteaching purpose, its demand is most important. Increasingknowledge means, increasing fertility and inner abilities ofnew minds and their characters. Our religious world andhistorical facts are also a great and bright example in thisregard. So the importance of topic is that knowledge powerand teaching process goes side by side.
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In Urdu language and Literature, after Modernism, a new
term is introduced as Post-Modernism. This term is
initiated by West and then spread on the whole world.
There is no specific definition of Post-Modernism but its
distinct qualities help us to perceive and interpret this
specific term. This term has some hidden and exposed
natural attitudes. In reality, Post-Modernism is not a theory
or movement but it's a mixture of both.
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artistic styles and media and a general distrust of
theories"(5)
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surronded by a multiplicity of styles, Forms. Discources,
and Narratives and that we consume these as different life
styles. Knowledge, stories we tell ourselves about the
world, and models we propose about reality."
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Symbolism is a literary element used in literature to help
readers understand a l i terary work . Symbol ism is
everywhere; symbolism exists whenever something is meant
to represent something else. It is the use of an object,
person, situation or word to represent something else, like an
idea, in literature. Following are most common types of
symbolism:
Money and time are two different things; this is an example
of symbolism because these words show the importance of
using your money and time wisely so that they stand for
something larger in meaning than what they literally stand for.
Allegory allows writers to put forward their moral and political
point of views. A careful study of an allegorical piece of
writing van gives us an insight into its writer's mind as how he
views the world and how he wishes the world to be. This
study will elaborate the importance of symbolism as well as
its meanings and techniques among Urdu writers.
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Style in literature is the way a writer writes and it is the
technique which an individual author uses in his writing. The
author's word choice, sentence structure, figurative language,
and sentence arrangement all work together to establish
mood, images, and meaning in the text establish style. It also
comprises many literary devices that an author employs to
create a distinct feel for a work. These devices may include
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method of narration. Style describes how the author
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loose of periodice) the shape of his paragraph indeed of
every conceivable aspect of his language and the way in
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Woman is an in part of life. The writers have depicted this
approach in different ways in their writings. The woman writers
have also contributed a lot in this regard. This essay gives a
review with regards to writings of woman writers in Urdu
literature particularly in Urdu fiction.
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Feudal system proves to be the cause of many
complications and problems in the society it is as
deep-rooted as any other tradition of our society. The
dominant class exploits the subservient classes by using it
wealth and powers. The authoritative groups think it a right
of theirs to suppress the inferior ones. This monopoly
creates a class-breach thus resulting in rich, becoming
richer and poor becoming more poor.
Pakistan also bears the reputation of a male-dominate and
patriarchal society where women are the most trivial and
neglected creatures ever. All kind of women of whatever
category, literate or illiterate rural settler or urban settler
have to face exploitation from people. Such ill treatment
and manipulation becomes the foreground of almost all
dreams broadcasted on television and basically this
oppression and victimization is the topic of the former
research.
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Research Journal
Tahqeeqi Zawiay
8 July – Dec. 2016
Department of Urdu Al- Khair University Bhimber
Camp Office: Office # 16, 44-Zaki Center, I-8 Markaz, Islamabad
ISSN 2309-0499
Patron –in- Chief: Dr. Muhammad Bashir Goraya Pro Chancellor. Patron: Dr. A.Q. Ansari, Rector Publisher: Prof. Muhammad Imtiaz Aqdas, Vice Chancellor. Editor: Dr. Rasheed Amjad, Head Department of Urdu Al-Khair University, Bhimber. Advisory Board: (National) Dr. Muhammad Baqar Khan Khakwani, Dean F/o Social Sciences,
Al-Khair University, Bhimber. Dr. Khawaja Muhammad Zakria, Professor Emeritus, Punjab University,
Lahore. Dr. Tabasaum Kashmiri, Visiting Professor, G.C. University, Lahore. Dr. Muhammad Fakhrul Haq Noori, Chairman Urdu Department,
University Oriental College, Lahore. Dr. Rubina Tareen, Dean & Head, Urdu Department Zakaria University,
Multan. Dr. Muhammad Yousaf Khushk, Head Urdu Department, Shah Latif
University, Khair pur Sindh. Dr. Najeeb Jamal, Islamia University, Bahawalpur. Dr. Abdul Aziz Sahir, Head Urdu Department,
Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad. Dr. Rubina Shahnaz, Head Urdu Department National University of
Modern Languages, Islamabad. Dr. Naheed Qamar, Urdu Department, Wafaqi Urdu University, Islamabad.
Advisory Board (International) Dr. Gopi Chand Narang, Professor Emeritus, Jamia Millia Islamia, Delhi,
India. Dr. Abu-al-Kalam Qasmi, Urdu Department, Ali Garh Muslim University,
India. Prof. Qazi Afzal Hussain, Urdu Deparment, Ali Garh Muslim University,
India. Dr. Sagheer Afraheem, Urdu Department, Ali Garh Muslim University,
India. Dr. Muhammad Q. Marsi, Head Urdu Department, Tehran University, Iran. Dr. Jalal Sedan, Chairman Urdu Department, Ankara University, Turkey. Dr. Sohail Abbas, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, Japan. Prof. Mamiya Kensaku, Graduate School, Tokyo University of Foreign
Studies, Tokyo, Japan. Prof. So Yamane, Department of Urdu, Graduate School of Language and
Culture, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan. For Contact: Department of Urdu
Al-Khair University, Bhimber. Title: Muhammad Abrar Siddiqui Layout: M. Abrar Siddiqui Email: [email protected] Website: www.alkhair.edu.pk
ISSN2309-0499
