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Transcript of © 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Introduction to Medical Terminology Chapter 1.
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Introduction to Medical TerminologyIntroduction to Medical Terminology
Chapter 1
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Primary Medical Terms
• Primary medical terms enable you to prioritize terms in your study of medical terminology.
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Word Parts Are the Key!
• Four basic types of word parts are used tocreate complex medical terms:
– Word roots– Combining forms– Suffixes– Prefixes
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Word Parts Are the Key!
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Word Roots
• Word roots usually, but not always, indicate thepart of the body involved.
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Word Roots
• Examples:– cardi = heart
– gastr = stomach
– neur = nerveNote: Word roots do not mean pertaining to orrelating to; that meaning comes from the suffix.
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Combining Forms
• Created by adding a vowel (usually the letter“o”) to the end of a word root.
• Used when connecting word roots or whenthe word root is joined to a suffix that beginswith a consonant.
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Combining Forms
• Examples:– cardi/o = heart
– gastr/o = stomach
– neur/o = nerve
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Combining Forms
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Suffixes
• Suffixes usually, but not always, indicate theprocedure, condition, disorder, or disease.
• Examples:– cardiomegaly
– gastralgia
– neuritis
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Suffixes
• Example:
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Prefixes
• Prefixes usually, but not always, indicatelocation, time, number, or status.
• Examples:– pericardium
– epigastric
– polyneuritis
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Prefixes
• Example:
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Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts
• Decipher these medical terms based on theirword parts:– cardiologist
– gastritis
– neuralgia
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Determining Meanings on theBasis of Word Parts
• An example to take apart:
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Additional Lessons in This Chapter
• Using a medical dictionary
• The “sounds-like” pronunciation system
• Why spelling counts
• Caution when using abbreviations
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© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Additional Lessons in This Chapter
• Singular and plural endings
• Basic medical terms
• Look-alike, sound-alike terms and word parts
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Key Word Parts and Definitions
• -algia – pain, painful condition
• dys- – bad, difficult, or painful
• -ectomy – surgical removal, cutting out, excision
• hyper-– excessive, increased
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• hypo- – deficient, decreased
• -itis – inflammation
• -osis – abnormal condition, disease
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• -ostomy – the surgical creation of an artificial opening to the
body surface
• -otomy – cutting, surgical incision
• -plasty – surgical repair
• -rrhage – bleeding, abnormal excessive fluid discharge
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Key Word Parts and Definitions
• -rrhaphy – surgical suturing
• -rrhea – flow or discharge
• -rrhexis – rupture
• -sclerosis – abnormal hardening
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
QuestionsQuestions
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Question
A vertebra is a bone in the spine. What is theplural of vertebra?
a. vertebras
b. vertebri
c. vertebrae
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Question
Inter- means within or inside.
True or False?
© 2015, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
Question
Losing a large amount of blood in a shorttime is a:
a. hemorage
b. hemorrhage
c. hemorhage
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Question
The ilium is part of the hip bone, and the ileum ispart of the small intestine.
True or False?