© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Issue 2 1. Define the following Language Family Language...

© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc.

Key Issue 2

1. Define the following

Language Family

Language branches

Official Language 2. What are the two largest language families in the world?


Go to www.slideshare.netUser name- humangeo1234Password- Cardinals Go to- My uploadsSlideshow- Chapter 5: Key Issue 2


Directions:With your partner, complete steps for EACH slideStep 1: Read slide out loudStep 2: Write down important notes Step 3: Discuss concept for 30 secondsStep 4: Create two questions ( one should be basic knowledge one should be higher level)For example: 1.What is a language branch?2.How do you think language branches evolved?


Why Is English Related to Other Languages?

• Distribution of Indo-European Branches– Four most widely spoken branches

1. Germanic branch– Spoken primarily in northwestern Europe and North

America– Divides into High and Low Germanic subgroups

» English is classified in the Low Germanic group

2. Indo-Iranian branch– Spoken primarily in South Asia– Most speakers of the language branch– Subdivided into eastern group (Indic) and western group

(Iranian)




3. Balto-Slavic branch– Spoken primarily in Eastern Europe– Divided into…

» East Slavic and Baltic Groups: most widely used language is Russian followed by Ukrainian and Belarusan.

» West and South Slavic Groups: most spoken west Slavic language is Polish followed by Czech and Slovak, while the most widely spoken south language is Serbo-Croatian.




4. Romance branch– Spoken primarily in southwestern Europe and Latin

America– Most widely used are Spanish, Portuguese, French, and

Italian.» Regions where spoken languages tend to

correspond to the political boundaries of Spain, Portugal, France, and Italy



• Origin and Diffusion English – Modern English has evolved primarily from

the language spoken by three Germanic tribes invading the British Isles.

1. Angles- from southern Denmark

2. Jutes- from northern Denmark

3. Saxons- from northwestern Germany

– Over time, others invaded England and their languages influenced the basic English.

• Vikings from present-day Norway• Normans from present-day Normandy in France

spoke French.



– English diffuses across the world.• English language migrated with the people of

England when they established colonies over four centuries.

– English is an official language in most former British colonies.

• Diffusion to North America– First successful colony was Jamestown, VA, in 1607.– Defeat of France by England secured English as the

dominant language in North America.– United States responsible for diffusing English to several

places—e.g., Philippines.



• Origin and Diffusion of Language Families– Indo-European

• It is theorized that Germanic, Romance, Balto-Slavic, and Indo-Iranian languages all stemmed from a common ancestral language.

– Proto-Indo-European

• Linguists and anthropologists continue to debate when and where the Proto-Indo-European language originated and how it diffused.

– Two Theories

1. Nomadic Warrior Hypothesis

2. Sedentary Farmer Hypothesis


STOP


Create a Timeline depicting the introduction of words into the English language. 1.Use the word bank to put words in the appropriate spaces Make sure each group of words are in the correct chronological order. 2. Then make an argument stating which invasion had the strongest influence on the English language. 3. Based on the words what kind of society do you think each had.

Use your bookhttp://www.bl.uk/learning/langlit/changlang/across/languagetimeline.html

Celtic Romans Normans Latin Angles, Saxons and Jutes -

Vikings

London, Dover and Kent, & the rivers Thames & Wye

win (wine), candel (candle), belt (belt) and weall (wall)

crown, castle, court, parliament, army, mansion, gown, beauty, banquet, art, poet, romance, chess, colour, duke, servant, peasant, traitor and governor

altar, mass, school, and monk, fork, spade, spider, tower, and rose

earth, house, food, sing, night and sleep.

anger, awkward, cake, die, egg, freckle, muggy, reindeer, silver, skirt and smile


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rexKqvgPVuAInvading P.O.B1.Create a brand new word2.You have one month to diffuse your word into P.O.B.3.There is a mole at the school. They will be given a list you’re your words. If he/she hears a student use your word your group will get extra credit!

The Celtics

The Romans

The Normans

The Latins

The Anglo-Saxons

The Vikings

Create a name of a place and see if other students start using it.

Create name of a product (remember the romans were merchants

Create a word related to power (remember the Normans were royal)

Create a religious word (remember Latin groups brought Christianity to western Europe).

Create a name of an everyday item (Remember that 1/3 of the Saxon language still exists in English)

Create a word the is violent ( remember the Vikings were a very violent society)


• Exit Ticket: Create a Venn Diagram comparing Kurgan Hearth Theory and the Anatolian Hearth Theory


© 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. Key Issue 2 1. Define the following Language Family Language...

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