© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. BIO 238. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. PARIETAL BONE (left)...

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.

BIO 238


PARIETALBONE(left)

PARIETALBONE(right)

OCCIPITALBONE

MANDIBLE

TEMPORAL BONE

Sagittal suture

Lambdoidsuture

Squamoussuture

Mastoid processStyloid process

Occipital condyle

External occipitalprotuberance

Posterior view


PARIETALBONE(left)

PARIETALBONE(right)

Lambdoidsuture

Sagittalsuture

OCCIPITAL BONE

Coronalsuture

FRONTAL BONE

ZYGOMATICBONE

NASAL BONES

Superior view


TEMPORALBONE

PARIETALBONE

OCCIPITALBONE

FRONTALBONE

Lateral view

Squamous suture

Lambdoid suture

Squamous part oftemporal bone

External acousticmeatus

Mastoid process

Zygomaticarch

Styloid processZygomatic process

of temporal boneTemporal processof zygomatic bone

Coronal suture

SPHENOID

NASAL BONE

LACRIMAL BONE

ETHMOID

MAXILLA

ZYGOMATIC BONE

MANDIBLE

Supra-orbital foramen

Infra-orbital foramen

Mental foramen

Mental protuberance


Coronal suture

SPHENOID

NASAL BONE

LACRIMAL BONE

ETHMOID

MAXILLA



Mental foramen

Mental protuberance

ZYGOMATIC BONE

Optic canal

Inferior orbital fissure

Temporal process ofzygomatic bone

Mastoid process oftemporal bone

Middle nasal concha(part of ethmoid)Perpendicular plateof ethmoid Bony nasal

septumVOMER

Superior orbital fissure

PARIETAL BONE

TEMPORAL BONE

PALATINE BONE

INFERIORNASAL CONCHA

MANDIBLE

Anterior view

FRONTAL BONE


ZYGOMATIC BONE MAXILLA

TEMPORAL BONE

PALATINE BONE

Zygomatic arch

Medial and lateralpterygoid processes

Foramen lacerum

Carotid canal

Mastoid process

Stylomastoid foramen

Occipital condyle

Foramen magnum

VOMER

SPHENOID

OCCIPITAL BONE

FRONTAL BONE

Jugular foramen

Foreman ovale

Styloid processMandibular fossa

Externalacoustic meatus

Lambdoid suture

External occipitalprotuberance

Inferior view


Foramenmagnum

Carotid canal

Internal occipital crest

FRONTAL BONE

ETHMOID

SPHENOID

TEMPORAL BONE

PARIETAL BONE

OCCIPITAL BONE

Crista galli

Cribriform plate

Sella turcica

Foramen rotundum

Foramen lacerum

Foramen ovale

Foramen spinosum

Internalacoustic meatus

Jugular foramen

Hypoglossal canal

Superior view of a horizontal section through the skull, showing thefloor of the cranial cavity.


Occipital bone, inferior view

Externaloccipital

protuberance

Inferiornuchal line

Hypoglossalcanal

Occipitalcondyle

Foramenmagnum

Externaloccipitalcrest

Superiornuchalline


Superiortemporal line

Inferiortemporal line

Right parietal bone, lateral view

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc.Anterior surface

Superiortemporal line

Supra-orbitalnotch

Supra-orbitalmargin

Frontal squama

Frontal(metopic)suture


Externalacoustic meatus

Squamouspart

Mandibularfossa

Zygomaticprocess

Styloid processMastoid process

Lateral view of theright temporal bone


Pterygoidplates

Foramenrotundum

Greaterwing

Orbitalsurface

Superiororbital fissure

Sphenoidalsinus

Lesserwing

Body

Pterygoidprocess

Anterior surface


Orbitalrim

Infra-orbitalforamen

Alveolarprocess

Anteriornasalspine

An anterolateral view of theright maxilla.

Zygomaticprocess



SPHENOID

NASAL BONE

TEMPORAL BONE

Zygomaticofacialforamen

ZYGOMATIC BONE


MAXILLA

Bony nasal septum

Perpendicular plateof ethmoid

VOMER


Articular surface fortemporomandibular

joint

Head

Mandibularnotch

Coronoid process

Teeth

Alveolar process

Mentalprotuberance

Mental foramen

BodyRamus

Condylar process

Angle

A lateral and slightly superiorview of the mandible


Greater horn

Lesser horn

Body

An anterior view of the hyoid bone


*Sternocleidomastoid (SCM)

*O-Sternal head: manubrium of sternum ; Clavicular head: medial 1/3 of clavicle

* I- Mastoid process, lateral portion of superior nuchal line of occiput

*A-Bilaterally--flexion of neck; Unilaterally--lateral flexion of head and neck to same side and rotation of head to opposite side

*N-Spinal accessory nerve (Cranial nerve XI)


Epicranial aponeurosis

Depressor labii inferioris

Orbicularis oris

Mentalis (cut)

Zygomaticus major

Levator anguli oris

Zygomaticus minor

Levator labii superioris

Nasalis

Orbicularis oculi

Procerus

Frontal belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Depressor anguli oris

Omohyoid

Platysma (cut and reflected)Lateral view

Temporoparietalis(cut and reflected)

Temporalis

Occipital belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Masseter

Buccinator

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius


*All do the same basic actions:

*Unilaterally rotates head and neck to opposite

side, with the ribs fixed laterally flex the head

and neck to the same side

*Bilaterally--rasies 1st two ribs during forced

inspiration or head and neck flexion


*Anterior Scalene*O- Transverse processes of third through 6th cervical vertebrae

* I- First rib

*N- Cervical and brachial plexuses

*Middle Scalene*O- Transverse processes of second through 7th cervical

vertebrae

* I- First rib

*N- Cervical and brachial plexuses

*Posterior Scalenes *O- Transverse processes C5 and C6

* I- Second rib

*N- C6 - C8 Nerves


Scalenes

Anterior

Middle

Posterior

Anterior view,cervical region


*Masseter

*O- Zygomatic arch

* I- Angle and ramus of Mandible

*A- Elevate the mandible

*N- Cranial nerve V- Mandibular branch

*Temporalis

*O- Temporal fossa and fascia

* I- Mandible--coronoid process

*A- Elevate and retract the mandible

*N-Temporal branches of cranial nerve V


Superior temporal line

Temporalis

Capsule oftemporomandibular joint

Zygomaticarch

Masseter

Lateral view. The temporalis muscle passesmedial to the zygomatic arch to insert on thecoronoid process of the mandible. Themasseter inserts on the angle and lateralsurface of the mandible.


*Suprahyoids* O- Underside of mandible, styloid process* I- Hyoid bone * A- Elevate hyoid and tongue, depress mandible* N- Hypoglossal, mylohyoid, facial

*Digastrics* O- Mastoid process* I- Inferior border of mandible* A- Depresses mandible if hyoid is fixed, elevates the

hyoid if mandible is fixed, retracts the mandible* N- Mylohyoid and facial


*Infrahyoids

*O- Thyroid cartridge, top of manubrium, superior border of scapula

* I- Hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

*A- Depress the hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

*N- Upper Cervical


Mandible

Mylohyoid

Digastric

Anterior bellyPosterior belly

Sternocleidomastoid (cut)

OmohyoidSuperior belly

Inferior belly

Clavicle

Cut heads ofsternocleidomastoid

Sternum

Anterior view

Sternal headClavicular head

Sternocleidomastoid

Sternohyoid

Sternothyroid

Thyroid cartilageof larynx

Thyrohyoid

Hyoid bone

Stylohyoid

Geniohyoid

Mylohyoid(cut andreflected)


*Platysma

*O-Fascia covering superior part of pectoralis major

* I- Base of Mandible, skin of lower part of face

*A- Assist in depression of the mandible, tighten the fascia of the neck

*N- Cranial nerve VII (Facial nerve)



Corrugator supercilii

Temporalis (temporoparietalisremoved)

Orbicularis oculi

Nasalis

Zygomaticus minor

Zygomaticus majorOrbicularis oris

RisoriusPlatysma

Mentalis (cut)

Thyroid cartilageof the larynx



Temporalis

Procerus


Levator anguli oris

MasseterBuccinator

Depressor anguli orisDepressor labii inferiorisSternal head ofsternocleidomastoidClavicular head ofsternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Clavicle

Platysma(cut andreflected)

Anterior view


*Frontalis*O- Galea aponeurotica

* I- Skin & fascia of eyebrows

*A- Raises eyebrows and wrinkle forehead

*N- Cranial nerve VII (Facial N.)

*Occipitalis*O- Galea aponeurotica

* I- Superior nuchal line of occipital bone

*A- Anchor and retract the galea posteriorly, Moves scalp

*N-Cranial nerve VII (Facial N.)



Depressor labii inferioris

Orbicularis oris

Mentalis (cut)

Zygomaticus major

Levator anguli oris

Zygomaticus minor


Nasalis

Orbicularis oculi

Procerus


Depressor anguli oris

Omohyoid

Platysma (cut and reflected)Lateral view


Temporalis

Occipital belly ofoccipitofrontalis

Masseter

Buccinator

Sternocleidomastoid

Trapezius


*Medial Pterygoid

*O-Medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

and tuberosity of maxilla

* I- Medial surface of ramus of the Mandible

*A- Bilaterally- Elevates and protract the mandible; Unilaterally-

lateral jaw motion to opposite side

*N-Cranial nerve V (Mandibular)


*Lateral Pterygoid

*O-Superior head: infratemporal surface and crest of

greater wing of sphenoid bone Inferior head: lateral

surface of lateral pterygoid plate of sphenoid bone

* I- Articular disc and capsule of Temporomandibular joint,

neck of mandible

*A- Bilateral--protracts jaw; Unilaterally---lateral jaw motion

to opposite side

*N- Cranial nerve V


Lateral pterygoid

Medial pterygoid

Cut edge of mandible

Lateral view, pterygoid musclesexposed. The location and orientation ofthe pterygoid muscles can be seen afterthe overlying muscles, along with a portion of the mandible, are removed.


*Longus Capitis*O-Transverse processes of C3 through C6

* I- Inferior surface of occiput

*A- Unilaterally: lateral flexion of head and neck to same side; bilaterally: rotate of head and neck

*N- Ventral rami of C1 to C4

*Longus Colli*O- bodies of C5 through T3, transverse processes of C3

through C5

* I- Tubercle on anterior arch of the atlas; bodies of the axis, C3 and C4; transverse processes of C5 and C6

*A-Unilaterally: lateral flexion of head and neck to same side; Bilaterally: rotate of head and neck

*N-ventral rami of C1 to C7


Intervertebral Muscles,Posterior View

Rotatores Intertransversarii

Spinousprocessofvertebra

Transverseprocess of

vertebra

Interspinales

Posterior view

Spinal FlexorsQuadratus lumborum

Flexors of the AnteriorCervical and ThoracicSpine

Thoracodorsalfascia

Longuscapitis

Longuscolli

Erector Spinae,Deep Layer


*Temporoparietalis*O- Temporal fascia above ear

* I- Epicranial aponeurosis

*A-Fixes galeal aponeurosis, tightens scalp

*N-Temporal branch of cranial nerve VII

*Procerus*O- Nose

* I- Skin between eyebrows

*A-Wrinkes nose skin

*N-Temporal branch of cranial nerve VII


*Nasalis*O- Maxilla* I- Nose*A-Dilates nasal openings & compresses nasal

cartilage*N-Cranial nerve VII

*Orbicularis occuli*O- Medial margin of orbit* I- Skin of eyelid*A-Closes eyelid*N-Temporal and zygomatic branches of cranial

nerve VII


*Zygomatic major*O- Zygomatic bone

* I- Angle of mouth

*A-Retract and elevate corner of mouth

*N-Buccal branch of cranial nerve VII

*Zygomatic minor*O- Zygomatic bone

* I- Upper lip

*A-Retract and elevate corner of mouth



*Levator labii superiorus*O- Lower margin of orbit

* I- Orbicularis oris muscle

*A-Elevate upper lip


*Risorius*O- Fascia around parotid salivary gland

* I- Angle of mouth

*A-Draws corner of mouth to side



*Depressor anguli oris*O- Anterior lateral surface of mandible* I- Skin at angle of mouth*A-Draws corner of mouth down*N-Mandibular branch of cranial nerve VII

*Orbicularis Oris*O- Near midline on anterior surface of maxilla

and mandible* I- Skin around lips*A- Narrows orifice of mouth, purses lips and

puckers lip edges*N- Facial Nerve


*Buccinator

*O- From the alveolar processes of the maxillary bone and mandible, temporomandibular joint

* I- In the fibers of the orbicularis oris

*A- Compresses the cheeks against the teeth and is used in acts such as blowing.

*N- facial nerve (VII cranial nerve)



Corrugator supercilii

Temporalis (temporoparietalisremoved)

Orbicularis oculi

Nasalis

Zygomaticus minor

Zygomaticus majorOrbicularis oris

RisoriusPlatysma

Mentalis (cut)

Thyroid cartilageof the larynx



Temporalis

Procerus


Levator anguli oris

MasseterBuccinator

Depressor anguli orisDepressor labii inferiorisSternal head ofsternocleidomastoidClavicular head ofsternocleidomastoid

Trapezius

Clavicle

Platysma(cut andreflected)

Anterior view

© 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. BIO 238. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. PARIETAL BONE (left)...

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Transcript of © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. BIO 238. © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. PARIETAL BONE (left)...