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• Recognize how nutrition plays an important role in providing fuel and nutrients

• Learn about Dietary Reference Intake and analyze personal daily intake

• Learn the process of digesting

Today’s Objectives

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Carbohydrates• Supplies the major source of energy for the body

Simple Carbohydrates • Sugars that the body can break down and

absorb fast

Major Nutrients

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Complex Carbohydrates• Starches that take the body longer to breakdown

and absorb

Major Nutrients

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Fats • Supplies energy, transports nutrients, and provides

insulation

Saturated Fats • Fats from animal products, solid at room temperature

Major Nutrients

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Unsaturated Fats• Fats from plant products and fish, liquid at room

temperature

Major Nutrients

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Trans Fats • Unsaturated fats with hydrogen added to them, solid at

room temperature

Major Nutrients

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Protein • Builds and repairs body tissues, supplies energy

Complete Proteins• Animal products that have high amounts of essential

amino acids

Major Nutrients

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Incomplete Proteins• Plant products that are missing or do not have enough

essential amino acids

Major Nutrients

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Vitamins• Help body regulate chemical reactions, help body use

energy from food

Water soluble vitamins • Vitamins that are needed every day because the body

cannot store them

Vitamin C B vitamins

Major Nutrients

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Fat soluble vitamins• Vitamins that are easily stored in fat within the body

Vitamin AVitamin DVitamin EVitamin K

Major Nutrients

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Minerals• Help body regulate chemical reactions, help form body structures

Major Nutrients

Calcium

Potassium

Iron

Sodium

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Water• Helps digest food, carries nutrients through body, helps

regulate body temperature

Major Nutrients

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Take the DRI sheet and highlight your intakes.

• The term used to be RDA — Recommended Dietary Allowances which focused on preventing deficiencies

• Now there are DRIs which focus on preventing chronic disease through nutrition

Dietary Reference Intake (DRI)

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Digestive System Diagram

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With all the supplies in front of you — guess which item matches which part of

the digestive system.

Guessing Game

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Supplies

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MalletWaterFunnelRubber tubingBeaker7-upSpongePaper towelCoffee filter

teethsalivamouthesophagusstomachstomach acidsmall intestineslarge intestinesliver

1. Crush the pieces of apple with the mallet and add the water to the mixture (teeth and saliva). During this step add the 7-up to the flasks (stomach acid).

2. Using the funnel (mouth), pour the mixture into the rubber tubing (esophagus), and using your hands, squeeze it through.

3. Squeeze the mixture into the beaker containing the amount of 7-Up (stomach and stomach acid).

4. Pour the mixture onto the sponge and allow the liquid portion to be absorbed (small intestine).

5. Collect the solid pieces and place them on the paper towel to absorb the water (large intestine).

6. Squeeze the liquid from the sponge on to the coffee filter (liver).

Steps for Digestive System Activity

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1. Your teeth and tongue chop up the food and then it’s mixed

with saliva.

2. Food goes down the esophagus into the stomach.

3. Digestive juices in the stomach break down food into a

creamy mixture.

4. Mixture goes into the small intestine where more juices are

added.

Digestive System Review

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5. The digested food and nutrients are absorbed into your blood through the wall of the small intestine.

6. The liver processes nutrients by filtering out any harmful substances or wastes before the nutrients can be carried in the blood to the rest of the body.

7. The undigested food enters the large intestine as a liquid paste. Water is removed from the liquid paste turning what is left into solid waste. The solid waste then leaves the body when you go to the bathroom.

Digestive System Review

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