© 2008 University of Washington, Brian Davis, LEED® AP, [email protected] Salmon-Safe...

© 2008 University of Washington, © 2008 University of Washington, Brian Davis, LEED® AP, Brian Davis, LEED® AP,

[email protected]@u.washington.edu 11

Salmon-SafeSalmon-Safe

Landscape & Athletic Field Landscape & Athletic Field IrrigationIrrigation

UW Facilities Services – IrrigationUW Facilities Services – Irrigation


[email protected]@u.washington.edu

Water resource competitionWater resource competition• Fish, wildlife & habitat, i.e. salmonFish, wildlife & habitat, i.e. salmon

• RecreationRecreation

• IndustryIndustry

• AgricultureAgriculture

• Residential domesticResidential domestic

• Landscape irrigationLandscape irrigation

• Athletic fields and park irrigationAthletic fields and park irrigation

• Local and regional growthLocal and regional growth

• Hydroelectric power and regional power grid interdependencyHydroelectric power and regional power grid interdependency

• Climate shift trend of decreasing snow pack & resulting decrease in Climate shift trend of decreasing snow pack & resulting decrease in available summer water supplyavailable summer water supply

22



MissionMission

• Provide efficient and effective Provide efficient and effective irrigation for campus landscapes and irrigation for campus landscapes and athletic fieldsathletic fields



BackgroundBackground

• Managed by Outside Plumbers until Managed by Outside Plumbers until 19901990

• Managed by Grounds Irrigation since Managed by Grounds Irrigation since 19911991

• Unit of Facilities ServicesUnit of Facilities Services



ResourcesResources• 4 FTE (1 Lead and 3 Irrigation Specialists)4 FTE (1 Lead and 3 Irrigation Specialists)

• 3 Trucks3 Trucks

• Office in PPOB Annex 4 with irrigation Office in PPOB Annex 4 with irrigation central control system computercentral control system computer

• Supply cageSupply cage

• Corporation yard storageCorporation yard storage



AssetsAssetsWithin the 643 acre campus, there are approximately…Within the 643 acre campus, there are approximately…

• 58 acres of network & non-network automatic irrigation with 143 58 acres of network & non-network automatic irrigation with 143 systems, 111 controllers & over 1,000 low voltage electric systems, 111 controllers & over 1,000 low voltage electric solenoid valvessolenoid valves

• 100 acres of manual irrigation with over 1,200 valves100 acres of manual irrigation with over 1,200 valves

• 15,000 sprinklers15,000 sprinklers

• 8 miles or 4 acres of sub-surface drip irrigation8 miles or 4 acres of sub-surface drip irrigation

• 300 microbe-activated water gel supplement systems300 microbe-activated water gel supplement systems



In the landscapes



In mechanical In mechanical roomsrooms



Types of IrrigationTypes of Irrigation

• Network IrrigationNetwork Irrigationo Campus standard ‘intelligent’, programmable, high efficiency Campus standard ‘intelligent’, programmable, high efficiency

systems with stand-alone capable satellite controllers systems with stand-alone capable satellite controllers networked to a software-driven central control computer networked to a software-driven central control computer allowing for remote monitoring, control and flow managementallowing for remote monitoring, control and flow management

• Automatic IrrigationAutomatic Irrigationo Non-network/stand-alone automatic irrigationNon-network/stand-alone automatic irrigation

• Manual IrrigationManual Irrigationo Underground irrigation mainlines with in-ground hose bibs or Underground irrigation mainlines with in-ground hose bibs or

frost free hydrants as well as building exterior wall hydrants to frost free hydrants as well as building exterior wall hydrants to supply portable on-grade sprinklers, underground sprinklers supply portable on-grade sprinklers, underground sprinklers and drip, & hand wateringand drip, & hand watering

o Microbe-activated water gel supplement systemsMicrobe-activated water gel supplement systems



Types of irrigation shown via GIS mappingTypes of irrigation shown via GIS mapping



5 Year 5 Year MeteredMetered Irrigation Water Irrigation Water UseUse

Year CCF CF Gallons Acre Feet

2003 27,183 2,718,335 20,333,146 6.14

2004 19,901 1,990,100 14,885,948 4.50

2005 23,355 2,335,500 17,469,540 5.28

2006 36,641 3,664,100 27,407,468 8.28

2007 31,185 3,118,500 23,326,380 7.04



TerminologyTerminology

• A CCF is a unit of volume measure A CCF is a unit of volume measure representing 100 cubic feetrepresenting 100 cubic feet

• A cubic foot is about 7.48 gallonsA cubic foot is about 7.48 gallons



ReportingReporting

• UW Irrigation reports monthly UW Irrigation reports monthly irrigation system water use to Seattle irrigation system water use to Seattle Public UtilitiesPublic Utilities

• Irrigation water use is deducted from Irrigation water use is deducted from campus wastewater chargescampus wastewater charges



In more familiar terms…In more familiar terms…Year CCF CF Gallons Acre Feet

2007 31,185 3,118,500 23,326,380 7.04

• 2007 metered irrigation water use translates to 2007 metered irrigation water use translates to aboutabout

35 Olympic size or 91 IMA size swimming pools35 Olympic size or 91 IMA size swimming pools

• At the commercial rate of $3.35/CCF, the cost ofAt the commercial rate of $3.35/CCF, the cost of

metered irrigation water was about $104,000metered irrigation water was about $104,000

• At the commercial rate of $7.45/CCF, irrigationAt the commercial rate of $7.45/CCF, irrigation deductions from campus wastewater chargesdeductions from campus wastewater charges saved the University about $232,000saved the University about $232,000



ChallengesChallenges

• Insufficient funding and labor resourcesInsufficient funding and labor resources

• Diverse campus plant and tree collectionDiverse campus plant and tree collection

• New irrigation construction is at the end of a New irrigation construction is at the end of a typical capital building construction scheduletypical capital building construction schedule

• Construction & staging area damage, Construction & staging area damage, protection and restorationprotection and restoration



Construction staging Construction staging damagedamage



MisconceptionsMisconceptions• Water long, deep and infrequently. Not necessarily. Duration and Water long, deep and infrequently. Not necessarily. Duration and

frequency depend on a number of factors such as the soil type, slope, frequency depend on a number of factors such as the soil type, slope, infiltration rate, and plant water requirements.infiltration rate, and plant water requirements.

• Irrigation is simple. False. It is complex and needs to be treated with Irrigation is simple. False. It is complex and needs to be treated with the care and attention of utilities and building systems.the care and attention of utilities and building systems.

• Native and naturalized plants don’t need irrigation. False. Even the Native and naturalized plants don’t need irrigation. False. Even the hardiest natives often need water in the summer given the hardiest natives often need water in the summer given the University’s unique microclimates & heavy-use urban environment.University’s unique microclimates & heavy-use urban environment.

• Only temporary irrigation is needed to get plants established. Not Only temporary irrigation is needed to get plants established. Not necessarily. In most cases, quality irrigation systems with a minimum necessarily. In most cases, quality irrigation systems with a minimum 20-year life cycle are preferred so that they are available when 20-year life cycle are preferred so that they are available when needed.needed.

• We’ll just repair the damaged landscape. Not always possible – We’ll just repair the damaged landscape. Not always possible – mature trees and their root systems cannot be ‘repaired’ or replaced, mature trees and their root systems cannot be ‘repaired’ or replaced, damaged irrigation may be compromised indefinitely and irreparable, damaged irrigation may be compromised indefinitely and irreparable, and compacted soil can take decades for nature to restore, i.e. via and compacted soil can take decades for nature to restore, i.e. via microbes, worms.microbes, worms.



Best PracticesBest Practices• Dedicated trained irrigation specialistsDedicated trained irrigation specialists

• Quality high tech/high efficiency irrigation systemsQuality high tech/high efficiency irrigation systems

• Annual commissioning or pre-auditing as part of Annual commissioning or pre-auditing as part of maintenancemaintenance

• Partnering with other stakeholdersPartnering with other stakeholders

• Coordinate irrigation with pesticide, herbicide & fertilizer Coordinate irrigation with pesticide, herbicide & fertilizer applicationsapplications

• Participate in the capital design and construction processParticipate in the capital design and construction process

Effective and efficient irrigation scheduling; soil probingEffective and efficient irrigation scheduling; soil probing



BenefitsBenefits• Dedicated, trained irrigation staff minimizes irrigation water useDedicated, trained irrigation staff minimizes irrigation water use

• Irrigation technology minimizes irrigation water use and allows for Irrigation technology minimizes irrigation water use and allows for improved allocation of labor resourcesimproved allocation of labor resources

• Irrigation supports a diverse plant collection and urban forest Irrigation supports a diverse plant collection and urban forest environmentenvironment

• Landscapes support the University’s academic and research Landscapes support the University’s academic and research missionsmissions

• Landscapes provide balance and synergy with building Landscapes provide balance and synergy with building architecture, other facilities, pathways, roadways and open spacesarchitecture, other facilities, pathways, roadways and open spaces

• Landscapes contribute to a healthy environment, human wellness Landscapes contribute to a healthy environment, human wellness and provide an invaluable public resourceand provide an invaluable public resource


[email protected]

Cost of cutting cornersCost of cutting corners• Wasted water

• Replanting & associated carbon footprint

• Excessive maintenance for problem plants, trees and irrigation

• Loss of aesthetic value

• Hazard tree life safety

• Loss of taxpayer goodwill

• Detrimental to environment

2020

mailto:[email protected]



FutureFuture

• GPS/GIS mapping & asset management systemsGPS/GIS mapping & asset management systems

• Greater use of mobile technologyGreater use of mobile technology

• Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC)/ Energy Energy Savings Performance Contracting (ESPC)/ Energy Service Company (ESCO) improvementsService Company (ESCO) improvements

• Improved green roofsImproved green roofs

• Storm water harvesting, cisterns, bio-swales, gray water, Storm water harvesting, cisterns, bio-swales, gray water, reclaimed water, with serviceability, code, permit and water reclaimed water, with serviceability, code, permit and water rights issuesrights issues



Green Roofs: 6.5 Acres or 1% of Green Roofs: 6.5 Acres or 1% of campuscampus



Types of Types of Green Green RoofsRoofs

(Quadrant (Quadrant 3)3)



Green Roof Benefits & Green Roof Benefits & IssuesIssues• Advantages, i.e. slowing storm waterAdvantages, i.e. slowing storm water

• Lessons learnedLessons learned

• Design requires interdisciplinary Design requires interdisciplinary collaboration and coordination with an eye collaboration and coordination with an eye for lifecycle maintenance and serviceability for lifecycle maintenance and serviceability issuesissues

• Ongoing maintenanceOngoing maintenance



Lessons learnedLessons learned



Obsolete Green RoofsObsolete Green Roofs



Ongoing Green Roof Ongoing Green Roof MaintenanceMaintenance

Before

After



Restored Green RoofRestored Green Roof



Questions and FeedbackQuestions and Feedback



ResourcesResources• The Environmental Stewardship Advisory Committee (ESAC)

http://www.washington.edu/about/environmentalstewardship/

• Capital Projects Office – Sustainability http://www.cpo.washington.edu/html/sustain.htm

• UW Facilities Services – Environmental Sustainability Programhttp://www.washington.edu/facilities/conserve/sustainability

• UW Facilities Services – Environmental Sustainability Booklethttp://www.washington.edu/facilities/files/documents/sustainability.pdf

• UW Facilities Services – FS Design Guide/Irrigationhttps://www.washington.edu/facilities/engr/fsdg/02G-U_Civil/05-2K_Irrigation.pdf

• Campus Engineering – Utilities Master Planhttps://www.washington.edu/facilities/engr/ump/ump_public/Denny_Public.pdf

• UW Central Zone – Grounds Irrigation PowerPointhttp://depts.washington.edu/czone/UW_irrigation.ppt

• UW Central Zone – Grounds Irrigation Newsletterhttp://depts.washington.edu/czone/Newsletter32005.pdf

• City of Seattle and Participating Local Water Utilities – Saving Water Partnership – Saving Water Partnershiphttp://www.savingwater.org/business_WSTP.htm

• Seattle Public Utilities – Water Conservation Rebates and Technical Assistancehttp://www.seattle.gov/util/Services/Water/For_Commercial_Customers/WATERCONS_200311261707523.asp

• Irrigation Associationhttp://www.irrigation.org/

http://www.washington.edu/about/environmentalstewardship/

http://www.cpo.washington.edu/html/sustain.htm

http://www.washington.edu/facilities/conserve/sustainability

http://www.washington.edu/facilities/files/documents/sustainability.pdf

© 2008 University of Washington, Brian Davis, LEED® AP, [email protected] Salmon-Safe...

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