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Transcript of © 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 1 Cisco Confidential Secure Wireless...
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 1Cisco Confidential
Secure Wireless Plant
ETSI Hell’s Kitchen. June 2008
Patrick Wetterwald Innovation Engineering Manager
2© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Sensor Networks are everywhere …with an endless scope of applications
Enable New Knowledge
Improve Productivity
Healthcare
Improve Food & H20
Energy Saving (I2E)
Predictive maintenance
Enhance Safety & Security
Health
Smart Home
Defense
High-Confidence Transport and assets tracking
Intelligent Building
3© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Internet / Intranet
L2N
L2N
TrueMesh
Wireless HART
ISA SP100.11a
Xmesh
Znet
MintRoute
MultiHop LQI
CENS Route
Smartmesh
TinyAODV
Honeywell
So far … WAS (Wait And See) - The current Trend
gateway
gateway
gateway
gateway
gateway
gateway
gateway
gatewaygateway
gateway
gateway
gateway
gateway
gateway
4© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Early opportunities will be in Industrial, Transport and Retail; Consumer apps will come later
Time (Years Out)
#/S
cale
of
Co
nn
ecte
d
Dev
ices
1 32
L
H
M
Third WaveSecond WaveFirst Wave of Adopters …..
Transport
BuildingsRetail
HealthcareIndustrial
Residential
Source: Harbor Research
Power
5© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Industrial Applications
ProcessControl
Maintenance &Operations
Safety & Security
• Pressure• Process temperature• Chemical composition• Energy usage
• Perimeter security• Emergency lighting
• Machine health• Tank level• Equipment status• Calibration• Energy usage
• Poison gas concentration• Emergency showers
6© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Savings of a 5-node installation: 700’ conduit3000’ wire2 guys, 2 full days of laborno trenching or surveying for buried cable
“Wireless truly is faster and cheaper.““It just worked!”
Oil and Gas“…this wireless technology enabled us to do things we simply could not do before, either because of cost or physical wiring obstacles. Through the trials, we found that Emerson's wireless approach is flexible, easy to use, reliable, and makes a step-change reduction in installed costs."
Dave LaffertyBP
Brandon RobinsonEnCana
7© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Emerson Industrial Monitoring
Emerson Process Management uses Dust Networks SmartMesh-XT products for their family of SmartWireless® products, which includes sensors that measure temperature, pressure, and fluid level and a gateway to connect to legacy process control systems
John BerraPresident
Emerson Process Management
"Wireless promises to enable us to put more monitoring in the plant at one-tenth the cost of wired technology."
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 8Cisco Confidential
Wireless means interferences
9© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Industrial Facilities may have LOTS of Wireless
This facility has: 802.15.4, 802.11, 802.16, RFID, 2.4 GHz video, walkie-talkies, etc … 4 sq. miles in size.
10© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
A Secure Infrastructure for Multiple Applications
11© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Wireless Architecture
Process Network
Control Network
Security Network
Plant Network
Wireless Field
Devices
802.15.4 Self-Organizing Mesh– TSMP– WirelessHart
Emerson Controller
Cisco Outdoor Industrial Mesh:Self-Organizing 802.11 Mesh
12© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
IEEE802.11 b/g
Physical layer14 channels, 5 Mhz channel spacing, 22 Mhz channel width
Only 3 non-overlapping channels1, 6 and 11 in North America
1, 7 and 13 in Europe
802.11a (5 GHz band) not considered here
Cisco 802.11 white paper:http://wwwin-eng.cisco.com/Eng/TME/TSE/Mobility/Airespace_RF_Design_documentv0.1.doc
13© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
IEEE802.15.4 DSSS
Physical layer16 channels, 5 Mhz channel spacing, 2 MHz channel width
250 kb/s data rate
Physical channel usageChannel hopping permitted but not required
Coordinated channel use permitted
Dust uses both Channel hopping and coordination (between 802.15.4 channels)
Xbow uses only one static 802.15.4 channel
14© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
WLAN and 802.15.4 in the 2.4 Ghz band
-25
-20
-15
-5
0
5
10
15
2025
2400 2412 2437 2483.5
802.11 (US)
802.15.4
-10
Frequency [Mhz]
Tra
nsm
itter
pow
er [
dBm
]
2462
Channel 1 Channel 11Channel 6
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26
15© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Radio co-existence issues
802.11 radiated power is 100 fold higher than 802.15.4
WLAN side-slopes always impact 802.15.4
802.15.4 channels falling in the guard band between 802.11 channels (in purple) are also impacted
15, 20, 25 and 26 in North America
15, 16, 21 and 22 in Europe
16© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Interferences simulations
Annex E.4.3 in 802.15.4-2006 standard
Results for non-coordinated/non hopping systems show that:
The 802.11 and 802.15.4 radios can not be mounted in the same rack (distance < 2m) even with large frequency offset
Low frequency offset requires 10’s of meters separation
Simulation results validated by Zensys study:http://www.z-wavealliance.org/modules/iaCM-DocMan/?docId=53&mode=DE
17© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Interference simulations
18© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
ISA100.11a
19© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Alarms - Any class (human or automated action)
Wireless worker - Classes 3 – 5 (access is usually proxied)For security, logging/accountability, and cache consistency, wireless worker access is proxied through the central control
system
Exceptions may occur during commissioning and emergencies when local access may be required
Usage classes of wireless data networks
Safety Class 0 : Emergency action (always critical)
Control
Class 1: Closed loop regulatory control (often critical)
Class 2: Closed loop supervisory control (usually non-critical)
Class 3: Open loop control (human in the loop)
NOTE: Batch levels* 3 & 4 could be class 2, class 1 or even class 0, depending on function
*Batch levels as defined by ISA S88; where L3 = "unit" and L4 = "process cell"
Monitoring
Class 4: Flagging
Short-term operational consequence (e.g., event-based maintenance)
Class 5: Logging & downloading/uploading
No immediate operational consequence (e.g., history collection, SOE, preventive maintenance)
Im
po
rtan
ce o
f
mes
sag
e ti
mel
ines
s in
crea
ses
Customer Requirements – SP100 Usage Classes
20© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Industrial monitoring and control
Today:
Competing standards,
Mostly wired fieldbuses
Ethernet/IP presence
CIP / EtherNet
Modbus/TCP
Foundation Fieldbus HSE
PROFInet
Invensys/Foxboro FOXnet
Wireless coming up
WiHART
One-wireless
ISA100.11a
21© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
ISA
Instrumentation, Systems, and Automation Society is a non-profit technical society for engineers, technicians, businessmen, educators and students, who work, study or are interested in industrial automation.
It was originally known as the Instrument Society of America.
ISA provides leadership and education in the instrumentation and automation industries, assisting engineers, technicians, and research scientists, as well as many others, in keeping pace with the rapidly changing industry.
22© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
ISA100.11a Working Group Charter
This project addresses:
low energy consumption devices, with the ability to scale to address large installations
wireless infrastructure, interfaces to legacy infrastructure and applications, security, and network management requirements in a functionally scalable manner
robustness in the presence of interference found in harsh industrial environments and with legacy systems
coexistence with other wireless devices anticipated in the industrial work space
interoperability of ISA100 devices
23© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
ISA100.11a key features
Hybrid FHSS DSSS reused from TSMP/WiHART
Interference mitigation
IPv6 and backboneScalability, Scope
Open protocols, COTS
Network Convergence
ExtensibleNew PHYs (802.11LP, 802.15.4a CSS)
New app layers (WiHART)
24© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
ISA100.11a, IP technology and IETF
ISA 100.11a endorsed 6LoWPANIPv6 packets but not stack (ND, ICMP)
And the transit link is not covered yet
Really need draft-hui for better compression
Backbone Router draft @ 6LoWPANProposing an IPv6 based best practice
To promote full IPv6 in ISA100.11a
And WSN in general by contagion
Have chairs and partners support
Also I-D on fragment recovery6LowPAN sends up to 25 fragments
Over multihop lossy radio
=> Need Flow Control and recovery
© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 25Cisco Confidential
IP Networking Technology for Industrial Automation
26© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
IP core Technology applies: The network as a standardized open “system”
Architecture Framework
Connectivity802.11, 802.15.4, 802.3, 802.3af, 802.16
Provisioning and ConfigurationDevice Identification, Location and Personalities
Data PlaneNetwork Forwarding Path - Filtering, QoS, Traffic Engineering
Management PlaneDiscovery, Diagnostics, Inventory, Fault Isolation
Device SecurityAuthentication, Rogue Detection, Encryption
Network SecurityVirus Protection, Intrusion Detection, Attack Mgmt
Application NetworkingEventing, Location, Data Replication and Virtualization
Intellig
ence in
the N
etwo
rkIn
telligen
ce in th
e Netw
ork
Sc
alab
ility, A
vailab
ilityS
cala
bility
, Ava
ilability
27© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
Virtualization neededVirtualization: 1 to Many or Many to 1
One network supports many virtual networks
Virtual
Office Domain
Actual Campus LAN
Process Control Network
Virtual Virtual
Plant Control Domain
28© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
IP to the Sensors New services and applications
M2M, remote management
New Markets
Process Control for factories
Control and Automation
for home, building, cities
Larger Core Market
Open standards to the sensor
Lower cost
More connected devices and new applications
A wider Internet
Shaping the future
Internet of things
Think of VoIP as a model…
…but for a great many…
…of tiny devices, everywhere.
29© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
The golden path Vision
Sensors and actuators using Internet technology
That’s Billions of devices in the next 10 years
Enabling new services and applications
StepsForming an alliance: IPSO (IP for Smart Objects)
IP for automation open standards (ISA100.11a)
Introduce sensors at IETF (6LoWPAN and ROLL)
Apply standards where needed (home, building, power grid)
ProgressROLL requirement WG docs
6LoWPAN RFC 4944 now rechartering for ND
ISA100.11a targeted YE’08
30© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
IPSO (IP for Smart Objects)
Objectives of the Alliance
Promote the use of IP in Smart Objects by publishing white papers, case studies, issuing technology press releases, providing updates on standards progress and other supporting marketing activities
Organize focused interoperability testing events
But - the Alliance will NOT work on protocol specifications, algorithms, etc. – those activities will be done at the IETF and other standard organizations… !
31© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
32© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
What is the HART protocol?(Highway Addressable Remote Transducer Protocol)
Early implementation of Fieldbus. One of the most popular today.
Uses 1200 baud Frequency Shift keying (FSK) based on the Bell 202 standard to superimpose digital information on the conventional 4-to-2OmA analogue signal.
Maintained by an independent organization, the HART Communication Foundation, the HART protocol is an industry standard developed to define the communications protocol between intelligent field devices and a control system.
HART is the most widely used digital communication protocol in the process industries, with over eight million HART field instruments installed in over 100,000 plants worldwide.
HART is supported by all of the major vendors of process field instruments
HART preserves present control strategies by allowing traditional 4-to-2OmA signals to co-exist with digital communication on existing two-wire loops.
33© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
HART
34© 2008 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.C25-451582-00 Cisco Confidential
WirelessHART™ Specification Released for Approval
New technology establishes wireless communication standard for process industry applications
(Austin TX USA – 17 April 2007) - The HART Communication Foundation (HCF) announces the completion of draft specifications for Wireless HART™ Communication and their release to HCF member companies for review and approval.
Wireless HART is the first open and interoperable wireless communication standard designed to address the critical needs of the process industry for reliable, robust and secure wireless communication in real world industrial plant applications.
“The combination of HART plus wireless is a major step for the industry. Wireless HART provides new capabilities for users to get information on process parameters and to monitor the performance of plant assets in areas that have previously been technically or cost-effectively difficult to achieve,” says Ron Helson, HCF Executive Director. “Wireless HART ushers in the next major technology life cycle and makes possible the next generation of HART-enabled productivity solutions.”