© 2008 DFKI GmbH SE P. 1 Infrastructure for building service-oriented prototypes...
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -1- OntoViz Tab; XML Tab; RDF Backend; Flora Query Tab; OIL Support;...
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Transcript of © 2001 DFKI GmbH -1- OntoViz Tab; XML Tab; RDF Backend; Flora Query Tab; OIL Support;...
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -1-
OntoViz Tab;XML Tab; RDF Backend;
Flora Query Tab; OIL Support;Protégé-related Projects at DFKI
Michael Sintek
SMI & DFKI GmbH Kaiserslautern
http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/~sintek/
5th Intl. Protégé WorkshopNewcastle, 16-18 July, 2001
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -2-
Overview
• OntoViz Tab: ontology visualization
• XML Tab: importing and exporting XML data
• RDF Backend
• Flora Query Tab: querying with F-Logic
• OIL Support
• Protégé-related Projects at DFKI
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -3-
The OntoViz Tab
Visualization ofProtégé-2000 Ontologies
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -4-
OntoViz ...
• is a tab for visualizing Protégé-2000 ontologies
• can also be used to visualize ontology parts and
instances
• can display slots and slot edges
• is highly configurable, e.g.:• specify vicinity of classes/instances via “closure operators”
like subclasses, superclasses, reachable frames, ...
• colors of nodes and edges
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -5-
OntoViz: Installation
• OntoViz uses the open source Graphviz tool from
AT&T which must be installed separately (available
for Windows and Unixes)
• the path to the Graphviz tool must be specified as an
entry in Protégé’s protege.properties file
• use Project | Configure... | Tab Widgets to activate
the OntoViz tab in a project
• see the README which is part of the distribution for
full details
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -6-
OntoViz: A Simple Example
click on “C” button to create graph
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -7-
OntoViz: Configurationconfiguration on a per class/instance
basisshow class
Content
showsubclasse
s
show
slots
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -8-
OntoViz: Configuration of Individual Classes and Instances
• Options for configuring individual classes and instances
• sub subclass closure• sup superclass closure• slx slot extension• isx inverse slot extension• slt slots• sle slot edges• ins instances• sys system frames
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -9-
OntoViz: Configuration of Individual Slots
• Options for configuring individual classes and instances
• sub subclass closure• sup superclass closure• slx slot extension• isx inverse slot extension• slt slots• sle slot edges• ins instances• sys system frames
configuration of color(and direction) of
slot edges
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -10-
OntoViz: Global Options
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -11-
Protégé’s XML Tab
Importing and Exporting XML Data
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -12-
A Very Short Introduction to XML
• XML is used to model (semi-)structured data:
<Customer id=“1234”> <Name> <FirstName>Bill</FirstName> <LastName>Buckram</LastName> </Name> <Cardnum>234 ...</Cardnum></Customer>
• <tag>...</tag> is called element• <tag/> is a self-closing element
(equivalent to <tag></tag>)
tag name attribute
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -13-
XML Import Strategy
• tag/element names become class names, except “leaves” which become slots
• example:<Customer>
<Name>
<FirstName>Bill</FirstName>
<LastName>Buckram</LastName>
</Name>
<Cardnum>234 ...</Cardnum>
</Customer>
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -14-
Example (Import):Book Order
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -15-
XML Export Strategy
• instances:• unreferenced instances become top level elements (cyclic
references are handled)• classes and slots become tag names• objects that are referenced more than
once are shared/reused with id/idref
• ontology:• as simple XML tree, RDF schema, XOL, … (future work)
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -16-
Example (Export):Newspaper Instances
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -17-
Example: Newspaper Ontology As XML Tree
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -18-
Protégé’s RDF[S] Backend
Importing and Exporting RDF Schema Ontologies and RDF Instance Data
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -19-
A Very Short Introduction to RDF
• RDF = Resource Description Framework• RDFS = RDF Schema: class and property definitions (ontology)• RDF model = directed graph = set of statements of the form
<subject, predicate, object> where subject, predicate, and objects are resources (objects can also be literals)
• Example: <http://.../Lassila, Creator, “Ora Lassila”>
• RDF in XML syntax:<rdf:RDF> <rdf:Description about="http://www.w3.org/Home/Lassila"> <s:Creator>Ora Lassila</s:Creator> </rdf:Description> </rdf:RDF>
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -20-
RDF[S] Backend: Overview
• allows import and export of RDF[S] knowledge bases• can be used as an alternative to the standard text
backend• Protégé-specific extensions (allow full round trip)• plain RDF[S] also supported• full namespace and namespace abbreviation support
(included projects may have different namespaces)• uses Sergey Melnik’s rdf-api tool which is used by
most Java-based RDF applications
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -21-
RDF[S] Backend: Example
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -22-
RDF[S] Backend: Example
• Classes and properties (RDFS file):...<rdfs:Class rdf:about="&mv;MotorVehicle">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&rdfs;Resource"/></rdfs:Class><rdfs:Class rdf:about="&mv;MiniVan">
<rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&mv;PassengerVehicle"/><rdfs:subClassOf rdf:resource="&mv;Van"/>
</rdfs:Class>
<rdf:Property rdf:about="&mv;registeredTo” a:maxCardinality="1"><rdfs:domain rdf:resource="&mv;MotorVehicle"/><rdfs:range rdf:resource="&mv;Person"/>
</rdf:Property>...
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -23-
RDF[S] Backend: Example
• Instances (RDF file):
<?xml version='1.0' encoding='ISO-8859-1'?><!DOCTYPE rdf:RDF [
<!ENTITY rdf 'http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#'> <!ENTITY mv 'http://protege.stanford.edu/mv#'>
]><rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="&rdf;”
xmlns:mv="&mv;"><mv:Truck rdf:about="&mv;test3_INSTANCE_00003">
<mv:registeredTo rdf:resource="&mv;test3_INSTANCE_00004"/></mv:Truck><mv:Person rdf:about="&mv;test3_INSTANCE_00004”
mv:name="Ora Lassila"/></rdf:RDF>
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -24-
The Flora Query Tab
Querying Protégé-2000With F-Logic
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -25-
Flora Query Tab
• Flora is an XSB-based F-Logic (Frame Logic)
• Protégé knowledge base is exported as F-Logic program (including axioms and queries)
• precompiled queries can now be executed in an XSB/Flora “sub-process”
• list of answers is shown in Protégé (if answers are instances)
• can also be used to model constraints (queries must/must not fail if knowledge base is consistent/inconsistent)
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -26-
Flora Query Tab: Simple Example
query
Flora interaction
resultsrun query
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -27-
Flora Query Tab: Transformation of Protégé Classes and Instances Into F-Logic
• classes:'Newspaper'::':THING'['Prototype'=>'Prototype_Newspaper'; 'Contents'=>>'Content'; 'Date'=>string; number_of_pages=>integer].
• instances:instance_00083:'Newspaper'['Contents’->>{instance_00035,instance_..., ...}; 'Prototype'->instance_00078; number_of_pages->148; 'Date'->'08/23/97'].
subclass of
instance of
type
values
=>, -> single valued
=>>, ->> multiple valued
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -28-
Flora Query Tab: Parameters and Axioms
axiomsparameter
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -29-
Protégé’s OIL Support
Modeling OIL Ontologies with Protégé-2000
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -30-
Protégé’s OIL Support: Overview
• OIL = ontology inference layer
• ontologies defined via class expression inclusions and equalities
• class expressions are built with logical connectives (and, or, not)
and slot restrictions (exists, forall, cardinality restrictions)
• axioms: disjoint, disjoint cover etc.
• Protégé’s OIL support:
• Protégé’s way to define ontologies for normal cases
• metaclasses/metaslots allow complicated expressions
• special widgets for displaying OIL expressions (future version: also for editing)
• connects to FaCT description logic classifier for classification and satisfiability
checking
• generates SHIQ LaTeX output
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -31-
Supported Subset of OIL
• Protégé supports the following subset of OIL:
• class definitions with subclass and slot constraints (property restrictions)
with
• class expressions: and, or, not, class[names], slot constraints, top, and bottom
• slot constraints: has-value, value-type, max-cardinality, min-cardinality, cardinality
• missing: concrete-type-exp, filler-exp
• slot definitions:
• subslot-of, inverse (using Protégé's inverse slot mechanism), domain, range
• properties (transitive, symmetric, functional)
• global axioms (disjoint, covered, disjoint-covered, equivalent)
• missing: instance-of, related
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -32-
Protégé as OIL-Editor: Example
complex expressions (shownwith special widget):
“a herbivore eats plants andparts of plants”
class hierarchy notcompletely modeled
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -33-
Protégé as OIL-Editor: Example
“giraffe isa herbivore”
“tasty-plant is not satisfable”
start classificationwith FaCT
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -34-
Protégé as OIL-Editor: Example
lion and giraffeare now correctly
classified
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -35-
Protégé as OIL Editor: SHIQ LaTeX Output
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -36-
Protégé-2000-related Projects at DFKI(German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence)
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -37-
DFKI is based in Kaiserslautern and Saarbrücken
Kaiserslautern Site
DFKI GmbHErwin-Schrödinger-StraßeD-67608 Kaiserslautern
Tel.: 0631 205 3214Fax.:0631 205 3210
email:[email protected]
Saarbrücken Site
DFKI GmbHStuhlsatzenhausweg 3D-66123 Saarbrücken
Tel.: 0681 302 5252Fax.: 0681 302 5341email: [email protected]
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -38-
Protégé-2000-related Projects at DFKI Kaiserslautern
• FRODO
• “RDF Actions”: Protégé as ontology server
• music ontology
• KnowWork
• CLOCKWORK
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -39-
FRODO
• A Framework for Distributed Organizational Memories
• http://www.dfki.uni-kl.de/frodo/
• funded by bmb+f (German government)
• topics:• context support and process-knowledge evolution based on weakly
structured workflows
• scalability and cooperation between distributed OM societies
• information support by integrated formal / informal reasoning on multiple sources
• Protégé-2000 used• to model ontologies (goal: building up shared conceptualizations!)
• as knowledge base backend
• to import/export RDF[S]
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -40-
FRODO: RDF Actions
• Goal: use Protégé-2000 as ontology/kb server
• communication with foreign software components (agents) via RDF messages
• RDF Actions: send actions like “create class”, “attach slot” etc. to build up kbs (future version: queries)
• Protégé-2000 was used to model most of its own API calls; actions are instances of this ontology
• RDF[S] backend used to interpret these actions
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -41-
RDF Actions: System Architecture
Action Ontology (RDFS)
Protégé-2000ActionTab
Project (without GUI)
ActionMachine
Project
Protégé API
Protégé API
Actions/Messages (RDF)P
ort
TCP/IP
Foreign Software Components,
Agents
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -42-
RDF Actions Ontology
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -43-
RDF Actions: Instances
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -44-
FRODO: Music Ontology
• ongoing master’s theses
• internet portal for music
• music ontology for navigation and as background
knowledge to enhance search process
• since the ontology is expected to be quite stable, it is
exported as RDFS file and imported from the portal
software
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -45-
FRODO: Music Ontology
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -46-
KnowWork
• bmb+f project (German government)
• knowledge management for construction, production, and (technical) sales (area: mechanical engineering)
• Protégé used to model various ontologies:• information ontology
• classes for documents (invoice, cad drawing, ...)
• organizational ontology• company organization structure
• processes
• domain ontology (products etc.)
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -47-
Protégé Modeling ofFrequency Converters in the
CLOCKWORK Project*
*Creating Learning Organisations with Contextualised Knowledge-rich WORK artefacts
DFKI: H. Boley, A. Bernardi, D. Höh, A. Mlik, S. PollmannELOTHERM: D. Stahl, R, Jürgens, A. Seitzer
ELOMAT Frequenz-Umrichter fürindustrielleElektrowärme undSonderanwendungen.
PraxisgerechtesProgramm modularerUmrichtertypen.
ELOMAT FrequencyConverters forindustrial heating andspecial applications.
Practical program of modular converter types.
Frequenz-UmrichterFrequency converters
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -49-
Maintenance Report
Type Remark
Machine 222B standard
Generator C30 fusebroken
Filter
Checked fusesChanged fuse of C-Generator
Word-processor-based reports
<?xml version="1.0"?><service-instance> <rdf:RDF>. . .</rdf:RDF> <machine type="222B"> <generator type="C30" fault="fuseC"/> <filter/> </machine> <repair replace="fuseC"/></service-instance>
X M L repository
con-ver-ter
Database
CEDAR
AnnotatedHTMLdocumentpublishing
Formattedrelationaldata
style-sheets
Protégé-2000
FRODO agents Retrieval and inference
meta data
q u e r i e s
the-sau-rus
Ontology modeling
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -50-
• For indexing free texts of ELOTHERM´s engineers reports, we build a taxonomy
• Problem: Free texts contain many synonyms (homonyms etc.) for which standard terms (disambiguated etc.) must be introduced
• Solution: Synonyms linked to taxonomy of standard terms used as an index for the reports
Free-text Taxonomy: Design
© 2001 DFKI GmbH -51-
• Knowledge acquisition via Protégé
• Taxonomy consists of class hierarchy, slots, and instances
• Working on association of free-text taxonomy with machine model (partonomy plus error hierarchy)
Free-text Taxonomy: Realization