New Scientific IdeasChapter 9-1

Scientific Revolution 1600s Scientific Revolution spread

throughout Europe Nicolaus Copernicus – a leader of this

revolution Copernicus questioned traditional

beliefs Believes the earth was round, rotated

on its axis and revolved around the sun.

His views were dangerous and he risked excommunication or imprisonment.

Scientific Revolution Copernicus worked in private without

publishing his ideas. His friends helped to publish his work

right before his death. Copernicus based his hypothesis on

study and observations. He could not prove his work, because the required math was not available at the time.

New Theories About the Universe Furthering these ideas, Johannes Kepler

provided math formulas that show planets did revolve around the sun.

Disproved some of Copernicus’s ideas- 1. he proved that planets move in oval paths (ellipses) not in circles.

Kepler- Protestant, did not have to fear the Catholic Church.

Challenging the Church Galileo Galilei – Catholic Italian

Mathematician, faced opposition of church leaders. Built his own telescope and studied the night skies. Saw moons circling a planet and believed Copernicus was right about the earth revolving around the sun.

1632- Galileo publishes his ideas.

Challenging the Church Book is banned by Catholic Church,

pope demands Galileo stand trial. Faced with possible death, Galileo

recants many of his statements. Continues his work after trial,

establishes universal laws of physics.

Newton’s Universe Isaac Newton- English Scientist, used

Scientific Method as he studied science and mathematics. Produces groundbreaking studies in mathematics and physics.

1687- publishes Principia. Otherwise known as Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy. Book explains his Theory of Gravity.

Develops a system of mathematics - Calculus

Investigating the Human Body Galen- an ancient Greek, his theories of

anatomy came form dissecting dogs and apes.

Andreas Vesalius- French medical student. Human body dissection illegal in France

1500s Since Galen’s findings were on animals, his

anatomy beliefs could not be accepted. Vesalius made important anatomy discoveries by dissecting human bodies.

Publishes On the Structure of the Human Body

Investigating the Human Body English physician William Harvey

discovers that blood circulates around the body.

English scientist Robert Hooke discovered the cell.

Experimenting with Chemistry Irish Scientist Robert Boyle proved that

air was not a basic element as it was made up of several gases.

English chemist Joseph Priestly found the existence of oxygen.

France’s Antoine Lavoisier discovered the materials consume oxygen when they burn, discovering the nature of combustion.