(История, Теория, Практика) 1 (21) 2012, tomi...

xelisufleba da sazogadoeba # 1 (21) 2012, tomi II

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samecniero Jurnali ,,xelisufleba da sazogadoeba (istoria, Teoria, praqtika)”

Scientific magazine

“AUTHORITY AND SOCIETY (History, Theory, Practice)”

Научный журнал “ВЛАСТЬ И ОБЩЕСТВО (История, Теория, Практика)”

№ 1 (21) 2012, tomi II

EISSN 1512-4029

ჟურნალი დაარსებულია 2005 წელს საქართველოს ტექნიკური

უნივერსიტეტის სახელმწიფო მართვის კათედრის მიერ

Ria diplomatiis asociaciis

samecniero Jurnali

Scientific magazine of

The Open Diplomacy Association

Научный журнал АССОЦИАЦИИ ОТКРЫТОЙ ДИПЛОМАТИИ


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UDC 378(479.22)(051.2) x. 402

saredaqcio kolegia:

SoTa doRonaZe

mTavari redaqtori

oTar qoCoraZe mTavari redaqtoris moadgile

oTar baRaTuria pasuxismgebeli mdivani

nana avaliani, rudiger andreseni, meufe abraami (garmelia), evgeni baraTaSvili, giorgi baRaTuria, oTar baRaTuria, rasa belokaite, anastasia ganiCi, iuri goricki, vaxtang guruli, SoTa doRonaZe, elun drake, harald vertci, genadi iaSvili, serjo kamizi, riCard maasi, roin metreveli, ioSika micui, badri nakaSiZe, lizaveta Jaxanina, budi nurani ruCjana, ramon pietro-suaresi, gert surmiuleni, qeTi qoqraSvili, oTar qoCoraZe, rusudan quTaTelaZe, maia CxeiZe, endriu lenuqs hardingsi

Jurnali xelmZRvanelobs Tavisufali presis

principebiT. gamoqveynebuli masalebis sizusteze pasuxismgeblia avtori. gamoqveynebuli masalebi

gamoxatavs mxolod avtorTa pozicias da SesaZloa ar emTxveodes redaqciis Sexedulebebs.

redaqciis misamarTi: saqarTvelo, Tbilisi, 0175, kostavas q. 77, VI korpusi,

I sarTuli, tel. 236-45-14, 77 Kostava st., 0175 Tbilisi, Georgia.

Tel. [+995 32] 2364514

e-mail: [email protected]

garekanis gaformeba: daviT baRaTuria Jurnalis eleqtronuli versia gamoqveynebulia vebgverdze:

http://www.odageorgia.ge/page=gamocemebi

Jurnalis referirebuli masala ganTavsebulia saerTaSoriso

samecniero eleqtronul biblioTekaSi: http://www.eLIBRARY.ru

http://www.odageorgia.ge/page=gamocemebi


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s a r C e v i

Teoria

pavle asaTiani kompiutingis Sesavali informaciis da komunikaciis biznesinJineriaSi-----------------------------------------------------------------5

giorgi aladaSvili Tanamedrove politikuri procesis analizi saqarTvelos magaliTze-----------------------------------------------------10

istoria

emzar xviCia “somxoba”, rogorc faruli “qarTvelobis” erT-erTi garegnuli modusi----------------------------------------------------------------16

Eekonomika

genadi iaSvili, qeTevan beTlemiZe saxelmwifo da mcire biznesi--------------------------------------------32

samarTali

sofio doRonaZe konfliqti afxazeTSi, saqarTvelo - samSvidobo procesis dinamika---------------------------------------------------------------39

sazogadoeba

liana gedevaniSvili konstruqtivistuli midgomis mniSvneloba da roli ucxouri enebis swavlebis procesSi------------------------------51

leli bibilaSvili

brendi, samomxmareblo qceva da preferenciebi--------------56

dariko xvedeliZe sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris roli ganaTlebis reformis procesSi-----------------------------------------65


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praqtika

mariam vardiaSvili rogor mivuTiToT gamoyenebuli wyaroebi samecniero naSromSi?--------------------------------------------------------------------------------71 Tamar TvalWreliZe gunduri muSaobis universalur principebze gadasvlis gzebi---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------77


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T e o r i a

pavle asaTiani

kompiutingis Sesavali informaciis da komunikaciis

biznesinJineriaSi

XXI saukune Sevida kacobriobis civilizaciis

ganviTarebis istoriis axal fazaSi _ informaciul sazogadoebaSi. amis Sedegad sazogadoebis ZiriTadi resursi, produqti da saqoneli gaxda informacia (informatio _ laTinuri sityvaa da niSnavs Siga formas, formacias).

informaciis Senoniseulma Teoriam biZgi misca axali informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTarebas, e.w. informaciologiur revolucias.

informaciuli teqnologiebis ganviTareba TavisTavad moiTxovs informaciis bunebis Seswavlas: Tu dRemde mecniereba ikvlevda informaciis gamovlinebebs (Suqi, siTbo da a.S.|), amJamad mecnierebis yuradReba gadavida informaciis bunebis Seswavlaze, informaciologiaze _ infomraciis bunebis Semswavlel mecnierebaze.

dRevandeli gagebiT, gaeros doqtriniT, informaciis Siga struqturas Tavisi bunebiT warmoadgens fundamenturi urTierTobebis (nawilaki _ obieqti-damkvirvebeli, adamiani _ kompiuteri da a. S.) sistemas. zbignev bJezinskis wignSi `didi saWadrako dafa~ informaciuli sistemebi ganixileba, rogorc Tanamedroveoobis Zlevamosilebis forma axali teqnologiebiT, misi geopolitikuri imperativebiT da axali informaciuli kulturiT.

gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, dsT-is qveynebis CaTvliT, msoflio bankis mier Catarebuli testirebis monacemebiT, evropisa da centraluri aziis qveynebi CamorCeba ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis wevr qveynebs sainformacio biznesisa da saproblemo amocanebis gadawyvetis unarebSi _ informaciul wignierebaSi. msgavsi saeqsperto analizi Catarda saqarTvelos mTavrobis davalebiT da am analiziT dadginda, rom informaciuli ganaTleba saqarTveloSi, sasamarTlo sistemis CaTvliT, ar pasuxobs Tanamedrove moTxovnebs.


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zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, informaciologia, anu

informaciis Sesaxeb moZRvreba, gaeros doqtrinis gaTvaliswinebiT, moiazreba rogorc Tanamedrove ganaTlebis sabazo sagani da mimarTuleba.

saqarTvelos konstituciis Tanaxmad, saxelmwifo uzrunvelyofs saganmaneTlebo programebis Sesabamisobas saerTaSoriso wesebTan da standartebTan. amis gaTvaliswinebiT, stu-Si Cven SevimuSaveT informaciologiis swavlebis programa, romelic warmatebiT iyo aprobirebuli saqarTvelos wamyvan erovnul da saerTaSoriso universitetebsa da sxva umaRles saswavleblebSi. movamzadeT informaciis oficrebisa da specialistebis pirveli nakadebi, risi gafarToebac moiTxovs sistemur ganviTarebas qveyanaSi zemoaRniSnuli msoflio bankis, gaeros doqtrinis da saqarTvelos mTavrobis daskvnis gaTvaliswinebiT. amasTan, msoflio bankis daskvniT, informaciuli ganaTleba moiazreba, rogorc siRaribis daZlevis erT-erTi saSualebac. amdenad, informaciuli ganaTleba iZens aseve Zalze mniSvnelovan strategiul da biznes datvirTvas.

cnobilia, rom kvlevebma Tanamedrove mecnierebaSi gadainacvla niviTierebidan urTierTobebis _ urTierTqmedebis _ informaciis bunebis Seswavlaze. aseT samecniero viTarebaSi informacia warmoadgens urTierTobaTa sistemis produqts da saqonels. am garemoebis safuZvelze kvlevebi mimdinareobs informaciis, rogorc urTierTobebis, sistemis modelirebis mimarTulebiT.

mecnierebisa da teqnologiis istoriaSi Semovida fizikuri sistemis Siga drois cnebac. aseve istoriuli ganzomileba fizikasa da teqnologiaSi rogorc fizikuri mdgomareobis Siga parametri (sivrcisa da drois ganzomilebasTan erTad). Sesabamisad, prigoJinis mier Semoyvanilia istoriul-sociologiuri ganzomilebis maTematikuri iperatori. amis Sedegad Seiqmna informaciis operatori, mecnierebis da teqnologiis istoriis, informaciologiisa da Sesabamisi dargebis (magaliTad, fizika, qimia, biologia, sociologia) erTobliobis sistemaSi, rogorc erTiani informaciuli sistemis ganxilvis saSualebas iZleva. erTiani informaciuli sistemis idea sxva formiT iyo Camoyalibebuli jer kidev nils boris `codnis erTianobaSi~, magram, samwuxarod, nils


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boris am Sromam gauswro dros da dRes Zalze aqtualuri gaxda erTian informaciul sistemasTan mimarTebaSi.

zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SegviZlia davaskvnaT, rom axali informaciologiuri teqnologia moiTxovs wignieri kadrebis informaciologiurad momzadeba-gadamzadebas. amdenad, informaciul sazogadoebaSi daiwyo axali informaciul-teqnologiuri revolucia adamianTa `Zveli pedagogikis~ axal `informaciul pedagogikaze~ gadasarTvelad. amave dros aravin icoda, Tu rogor axerxebs momxmarebeli mravali saxis struqturisa da Sinaarsis informaciis gadamuSavebasa da iseTi gadawyvetilebebis qmedebaTa sistemis Seqmnas, romlebmac ganapiroba Tanamedrove civilizaciis _ informaciuli sazogadoebis Seqmna, rac gulisxmobs axali informaciis analizisa da sinTezis meTodologiis ganviTarebas Tanamedrove lingvistikis, logikisa da maTematikis erToblivi gamoyenebiT. `manqanuri inteleqtis~ meTodebic ukve araa sakmarisi yvela saxis mecnierebis, teqnologiebisa da marketinguli operaciebis uzrunvelsayofad, radgan igi moiTxovs Tvisobrivad axali, TiTqmis bunebrivi codnis Senaxvasa da gadamuSavebas. amasTan, msoflios sWirdeba sazogadoebis sruli informatizaciis gegmebis realizeba. am amocanas mxolod arsebuli struqturebi ver Seasrulebs, Tu ar moxdeba maTi instituciuri gardaqmna, Tu ar Seiqmneba axali modelebi, meTodebi, manqana-xelsawyoebi (magaliTad, axali Taobis kvanturi kompiuteris doneze), romlebic adamians daexmareba informaciis swrad, efeqtian da ekonomikur gadamuSavebaSi da, rac mTavaria, swori gadawyvetilebis miReba-SesrulebaSi. amitom 1992 wels iuneskos gadawyvetilebiT, daixura xelovnuri sistemebis programa ZiriTadi miznebis miuRwevlobis mizeziT da daiwyo Zireulad axali programis `gamoTvlebi realur samyaroSi~ ganviTareba.

am konteqstSi wina planze gadainacvla konceptualurad axali universaluri inteleqtualuri operaciebis virtualurma inJiniringma _ `kompiutingi bunebaSi~.

gamodis, rom marto Tanamedrove kompiuterebi da programuli sistemebi ver uzrunvelyofs axali informaciuoli teqnologiebis, axali socialuri moTxovnebis epoqaSi adamianis normalur yofasa da ganviTarebas, mis adaptacias iseT axal socialur garemosTan, rogoricaa


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informaciuli sazogadoeba. sazogadoebis, rogorc erTiani organizmis, efeqtiani ganviTareba proporciulad axali azrovnebis sistemis Camoyaliebebis gareSe SeuZlebelia. informaciul sazogadoebas, da kerZod, mecnierebas, esaWiroeba, filosofiuri xasiaTis erTiani meTodologia informaciul mecnierebaTa dedaazris, maTi koncefciisa da axali meTodebis aRsaqmelad, axali virtualuri instrumentaris, programuli sistemebis, magram Tvisobrivad axali koncefciebisa da axali analitikuri teqnologiebiT aRWurvili kadrebis momzadeba-gadamzadebis gziT.

aseT situaciaSi mniSvnelovania xeli SevuwyoT mecnierebis ganaTlebaSi im samecniero-teqnologiur kvleva-Ziebas, romelic uSualod moemsaxureba informaciuli dargis mecnierebs da profesor-maswavleblebs rogorc sakuTari specialobis gaTavisebaSi, ise axali mimarTulebebis SeqmnaSi biznes inJiniringis da kompiutingis integrirebis gziT.

literatura

References:

1. asaTiani p. unformaciuli mecnierebis makrokvanturi kanonzomierebis kvleva

misi erTiani (unificirebuli) meTodologiis SemuSavebis konteqstSi. `mecniereba da

teqnologiebi~, #10-12, Tb., 2005. 2. asaTiani p., WavWaniZe v. Tanamedrove ganaTlebisa da mecnierebis

informaciologiuri safuZvlebis Sesavali, Jurn. `mecniereba da teqnologiebi~ , #4-6,

2009. gv. 17-20. aseve ix. asaTiani p. Jurn. `inteleqtuali~, #10, 2009, gv. 225-229.

3. CogovaZe g. infornacia. Tbilisi. 2003.

4. UNO Doctrine of Informatiology Development of Mankind in XXI century,

NY, 2001 (in Russiian).

5. Prigogine Order out of Chaos (man’s new dialogue with nature), Heinemann,

London, 1984 (in Russian, 1986)

6. I. Prigogine. From Being to Becoming (time and complexity in the physical

processes) San-Francisco, 1980 (In Russian, 1985).

7. Niels Bohr. The unity of knowledge |(N. Bohr’s lecture delivered to the author

in Tb., 1961) NY, 1955, p. 17-62. 8. Seith Lloyd, Y. Jack. Ng. Singular Computer. Scientific American, February,

2005 (In Russian ). p 33-42l Special Report from Scientific American. May, 2004.

9. P. Asatiani, V. Chavchanidze, Kybernetes, Vol. 139, #1, 2010, pp. 141-142

10. И.В. Прангишвили. Системный подход и общие системные

закономерности, М., ИПУ, ПАН, 2000.


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Pavle Asatiani

Computing Introduction in the Information and Communication

Technology Business Engineering

Summary

On the basis of the developed unified methodology of information and

communication analysis and synthesis the universal Intelligence operations –

computing engineering is discussed in the context of the XXI century computing,

business engineering and the unity of knowledge.

Keywords: computing, business engineering, information and

communication analysis.

Reviewer: Professor Otar Kochoradze, Georgian Technical University

Павел Асатиани

Начала компьютинга в бизнес инженерии информационных и

коммуникационных технологий

Резюме

На основе разработанной, унифицированной методологии анализа и

синтеза информации обсуждается введение компьютинга в бизнес-

инженерию XXI века, как универсальных интеллектуальных операций в

единой системе знаний, компьютинг и бизнес инженерии.

Ключевые слова: компьютинг, бизнес инженерия, анализ и синтез

информации.

Рецензент: профессор Отар Кочорадзе. Грузинский технический университет


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giorgi aladaSvili

Tanamedrove politikuri procesis analizi

saqarTvelos magaliTze

msoflioSi mimdinare politikuri procesebi naTlad cxadyofs, rom msoflioSi mimdinareobs ,,politikuri globalilazia“. msoflios wamyvani qveynebis Tanamedrove polikituri procesebis mamoZravebel Zalas warmoadgens geopolitikuri interesebi. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdgom msofliom axali transformacia ganicada. Seiqmna damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobroba.Yyofil sabWoTa kavSorSi Semavalma respublikebma saTiTaod TavianTi politikuri gezi airCies.Gpolitikur procesebma farTo mniSvneloba SeiZina da adamianTa moRvaweobis yvela sfero moicva. bevri mecnieri da moazrovne dRevandel samyaros miiCnevs samyarod, sadac politikuri procesebi moicavs ara mxolod politikur cxovrebas aramed sazogadoebrivi cxovrebis yvela sferos. Cveni mizania gavaanalizoT msoflioSi mimdinare politikuri procesebi, ganvixiloT zesaxelmwifoebis geopolitikuri interesebi da gaviazroT Tu ra perspeqtivebi da ra safrTxeebi SeuZlia Seuqmnas msoflio politikurma procesma qarTul saxelmwifos. saqarTvelos istoriuli warsulidan gamomdinare is SeeCvia imperiaTa Soris arsebobas da gamoimuSava garkveuli sagareo politikuri tradicia. saqarTvelo arsebobda iseT geopolitikur mdgomareobaSi, romlis drosac misi mezobeli saxelmwifoebi imperiebi iyvnen.Aamitom, is TviTgadarCenisa da politikuri elitis interesebis dasakmayofileblad cdilobda imperiebs Soris gaeba urTierToba da maTi interesebi gamoeyenebina sakuTari viwro politikuri interesis dasakmayofileblad. saqarTvelos istoria es garkveulwilad aris istoria patara qveynisa, romelsac gamudmebiT uwevs lavireba or an romedenime imperias Soris. yvela normalur qveyanas aqvs Tavisi Sida politikuri procesi, romlis mixedviTac ganisazRvreba misi geopolitikuri interesebi. am ukanasknelis mixedviT xdeba geopolitikuri Zlierebis gansazRvra da strategiis SemuSaveba. aqtualurobas iZens saqarTvelos geopolitikuri interesebis artikulaciis sakiTxi, romelic gamoixateba


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pirvel rigSi saxelmwifos usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofaSi, saxelmwifos rolisa da adgilis SenarCunebiT saerTaSoriso arenaze, demokratiis gzaze mdgradi ganviTarebisa da saerTocivilizaciuri aRmavlobis SenarCuneba. Tanamedrove msoflio politikuri procesebi mimdinareobs ise, rom ar aris gamoricxuli seriozuli samxedro dapirispireba moxdes mag. aSS - irans Soris. Darsebobs mosazrebebi, rom omis dawyebas moyves ara mxolod axlo aRosavleTis ,,afeTqeba” aramed kavkasiisac. ruseTs aqvs saqarTvelos teritoriebis 20% okupirebuli (okupirebul teritoriebze ganlagebuli aqvs seriozuli Semtevi samxedro SeiaraReba)Dda maTi ricxvi Tandadan matulobs (sainformacio saSualebebis cnobiT okupirebul teritoriebze ruseTma ganalaga saraketo Zalebi). misi mokavSire somxeTSi aris ruseTis mowinave samxedro baza (giumri). uaxloesi damakavSirebeli gza am bazamde (mxedvelobaSi maqvs uaxloesi gza mZime teqnikis gadatanisaTvis) gadis saqarTvelos teritoriis gavliT. iranis winaaRmdeg omis dawyebis SemTxvevaSi ruseTis mier saqarTvelos winaaRmdeg ganmeorebiTi agresiuli qmedebebis mciredi Sansi mainc arsebobs. saqarTvelo aRmosavleT da dasavleT samyaros gasayarze mdebareobs da odiTganve ipyrobda orive mxaris yuradRebas. miuxedavad mravali omianobisa, romelsac adgili hqonda gasuli saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi, saqarTvelo yovelTvis ganagrZobda arsebobas xalxis erTobisa da patriotizmis SenarCunebis safuZvelze. dRes, ukve XXI saukuneSi, saqarTvelo moiazreba, rogorc damoukidebeli da demokratiuli saxelmwifo, miuxedavad imisa, rom mwvave problemas warmoadgens ruseTis mier okupirebuli regionebi afxazeTis da cxinvalis saxiT da aseve arc demokratiuli principebia gaTanabrebuli sayovelTaod aRiarebul standartebTan. Sesabamisad, Seiqmna obieqturi pirobebi, romelmac ubiZga saqarTvelos ufro aqtiurad CarTuliyo globalur procesebSi da misi mTavari aqtorebis yuradRebis arealSi moqceuliyo. politikurma procesma, adamianTa moRvaweobis yvela dargs Seexo da maT Soris, ekonomikur Tu kulturul sferoebSi Tavisi zegavlena moaxdina. sabWoTa kavSiridan gaTavisuflebis Semdeg, saqarTvelo mravali problemis winaSe dadga da uZluri aRmoCnda damoukideblad mieRo mniSvnelovani politikuri


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gadawyvetilebebi. 1991 wlidan gabatonebulma mZime socialurma fonma, saqarTvelo daakavSira iseT saerTaSoriso organizaciebs, romlebic ZiriTadad XX saukunis Sua wlebSi Camoyalibda da saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da globaluri problemebis gadaWras isaxavda miznad. 1992 wlis 31 ivliss, saqarTvelo gawevrianda gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciaSi (gaero) da 1993 wlis Tebervlidan iwyeba aqtiuri TanamSromloba, romelic dRemde grZeldeba. gaero warmoadgens demokratiuli principebis danergvisa da samoqalaqo sazogadoebis ganviTarebis mTavar aqtors saqarTveloSi. 1993-1995 wlebSi gaeros mier gaweul daxmarebas ZiriTadad humanitaruli xasiaTi hqonda. Tumca, ori wlis Semdeg, usafrTxoebisa da ekonomikuri mdgomareobis TandaTanobiT gaumjobesebis Sedegad, gaeros SesaZlebloba mieca xeli Seewyo saqarTveloSi ufro grZelvadiani ganviTarebisaken mimarTuli RonisZiebebisaTvis, maT Soris, jandacvisa da ganaTlebis saministroebis reformebis programebisaTvis. gaero aseve zrunavs saxelmwifos ekonomikuri gaZlierebisaTvis im organizaciebis meSveobiT, romlebzec qvemoT gveqneba saubari. daZabuli politikuri urTierTobis fonze, romelic arsebobs saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris, sainteresoa Crdilo atlantikuri xelSekrulebis organizaciasTan (nato) urTierTobis sakiTxi. mTavrobis molodini, romelic buqarestis samitze saqarTvelosTvis samoqmedo programis miniWebis sakiTxs exeboda, uSedegod damTavrda, Tumca meores mxriv saqarTvelom miiRo garantia, rom uaxloes momavalSi aucileblad gaxdeboda natos sruluflebiani wevri. iqamde ki saqarTvelo gaagrZelebs moRvaweobas Crdilo atlantikuri TanamSromlobis sabWoSi, romelsac igi 1992 wlidan SeuerTda. dasavleTis politikur, ekonomikur da usafrTxoebis struqturebSi CarTvis SesaZleblobas iZleva aseve evropis kavSiri, rodesac 1996 wlis 22 aprils luqsemburgSi xeli moewera SeTanxmebas TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb evrokavSirsa da saqarTvelos Soris. mogvianebiT, 2003 wlis 16-17 ivniss saqarTvelo-evrokavSiris saparlamento TanamSromlobis komitetis sxdomaze, briuselSi, miRebul daskvniT dokumentSi, mxareebi miesalmen saqarTvelos parlamentis 2003 wlis 28 martis dadgenilebas saqarTvelos evrokavSiris struqturebSi integraciis procesis daCqarebis Sesaxeb da moiwones


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saqarTvelos parlamentis ganzraxva aaSenos “saerTo evropul faseulobebze dafuZnebuli saxelmwifo”. garda zemoT aRniSnuli organizaciebisa, sayuradReboa samTavrobaTaSoriso organizacia _ evropis sabWo, romlis wevric saqarTvelo gaxda 1999 wlis 27 ianvars da mWidro urTierToba viTardeba adamianis uflebebis, masmediis, sakanonmdeblo, socialuri da ekonomikuri sakiTxebis, jandacvis, ganaTlebis, kulturis, sportis da garemos dacvis sakiTxebSi. rogorc ukve avRniSneT, saqarTvelos politikuri kursi ukve didi xania garkveulia da dasavluri orientaciis saboloo mizani evropul TanamegobrobaSi integrirebaa, romelic TandaTan ufro mtkicdeba da Seuqcevad xasiaTs atarebs. saqarTvelo damoukideblobis mopovebis dRidan, aseve cdilobs gansazRvros sakuTari roli da adgili msoflio ekonomikaSi, rac arc Tu ise advili amocanaa gardamavali ekonomikis mqone qveynisaTvis.

literatura

References:

1. Huntington C.C., Carlson, Fred A. The Geographic Basis of Society. –

N.Y.1993.

2. hanTingtoni s., civilizaciaTa Sejaxeba., Tb., 1997. 3. gaero, damxmare saxelmZRvanelo., Tb., 2003., 136 gv;

4. heivudi e., politikuri ideologiebi., Tb., 2005., 432 gv;

5. Артур Шопенгауэр. Размышления о государстве, политике и праве

(фрагменты Сочинений) Собр.соч.

6. Макиавелли Н. Рассуждения о рервой декаде Тита Ливия, М,. 1998.

7. Хангтинтон С. Кто мы? Вызовы американской национальной

идентичности.. М 2004;

8. Шмит К. Понятие политического//Вопросы социологии.-Т.1. М., 1992.

9. Белашов И.B. Геополитические интересы в структуре современного

политического процесса. Автореферат диссертации Ставрополь. 2004.

10. saqarTvelos sagareo saqmeTa suministros veb-gverdi: www.mfa.gov.ge

29.11.12

http://www.mfa.gov.ge/


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Giorgi Aladashvili

The analysis of modern political process on an example of Georgia

Summary

On current world political processes it is possible to define the following -

in the world occurs, political globalization "which example are Arabian (African)

revolutions. In the countries where more or less authoritative modes the people

aspire to democracy.

The main motive power of political processes of the leading countries of

the world is geopolitical interests. After disintegration of Soviet Union, the world

has changed. The commonwealth of the independent states by means of what

Russia tried to use the influence and tools of pressure upon them has been created.

However each of the former Soviet republics have chosen the political way

including Georgia. Against strengthening of threats of safety and displays of the international

terrorism, updating of ideologically-theoretical and methodological approaches of

research of geopolitical interests as factor of modern political process is necessary.

Key words: Geostrategy, geopolitical interests, modern political process, political

globalization.

Reviewer: Professor Otar Kochoradze, Georgian Technical University


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Георгий Аладашвили Анализ современного политического процесса на примере Грузии

Резюме

По текущим мировым политическим процессам можно определить

следующее - в мире происходит ,,политическая глобализация", примером

которой являются арабские (африканские) революций. В странах, где более

или менее авторитарные режимы народ стремится к демократии.

Главной движущей силой политических процессов ведущих стран мира

являются геополитические интересы. После распада Советского Союза, мир

преобразился. Было создано содружество независимых государств, посредством чего Россия пыталась использовать свое влияние и

инструменты давления на них. Однако каждая из бывших советских

республик выбрали свой политический путь в том числе и Грузия. На фоне усиления угроз безопасности и проявлений международного

терроризма, необходимо обновление идейно-теоретических и

методологических подходов исследования геополитических интересов как

фактора современного политического процесса.

Ключевые слова: Геостратегия, геополитические интересы, современные

политические процессы, политическая глобализация.

Рецензент: профессор Отар Кочорадзе, Грузинский технический

университет.


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i s t o r i a emzar xviCia

“somxoba”, rogorc faruli “qarTvelobis” erT-erTi

garegnuli modusi

am werilSi gavarCevT saxelebiT: “qarTveli”, “somexi” da “armenieli”, aRniSnuli fenomenebis urTierTmimarTebis sakiTxs, fsiqikur stiqiaTa Teoriis mixedviT maTi identifikaciis safuZvelze. [SevniSnavT, rom dasaxelebuli Teoriis cnebiTi aparatis gamoyenebis gareSe SeuZlebelia saTqmelis Camoyalibeba]

saxeli _ “somexi”, Tanamedrove qarTul metyvelebaSi, gamoiyeneba marTvis maniis klasis qarTveli eris mosazRvred lokalizebuli, formis maniis klasis armenieli eris aRsaniSnavad. fsiqikur stiqiaTa Teoriis gamoyenebiT gamovlenili obieqturi garemoebebi am praqtikis aRkveTis safuZvels gvaZlevs. aRniSnul obieqtur garemoebebs Soris ar igulisxmeba is faqti, rom saxeli _ somexi (sxvaTa Soris, iseve, rogorc saxelebi: ubixi da vainaxi) mawarmoebeli bolosarTis _ “xi” mixedviT, qarTveluri wamoSobis eTnosTa saxelebis: kolxi, kaxi, kuxi, taoxi, karduxi, mesxi, basxi, javaxi, identuria, da rom somxebad wodebuli eTnosis warmomadgenelTa gvarsaxelebis mawarmoebeli bolosarTi _ “ian”, romelic kavkasiaSi mcxovreb an aqedan gasul armenielebs gamoyofs, qarTveluri etimologiisa sCans ( _ “ian”, qarTul enaSi, garkveuli niSnis matareblobis aRmniSvneli bolosarTia; svanur enaSi “an” bolosarTi gvarsaxelebis mawarmoebladac aris SemorCenili; amave praqtikis kvali unda iyos megruli gvarsaxelebis mawarmoebeli erT-erTi bolosarTi _ “ia”, savaraudod, bolo bgeris SekveciT miRebuli): es aqamdec SemCneuli faqtebi SeiZleba metyvelebdes, mxolod, am eTnosis qarTveli eris warmomadgenel eTnosebTan warmomavlobiTi naTesaobis Sesaxeb, rac ar aris sakmarisi da arc aucilebeli piroba mis qarTveli eris nawilad identifikaciisTvis: ers gansazRvravs fsiqikuri faqtori da ara biologiuri warmomavloba. [eris definicia warmodgenilia avtoris mier 2004 wels gamocemul monografiaSi _ “qarTveli eri da msoflio civilizacia”]


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saxeliT _ “somexi” (aseve, abxazi, osi, qisti da a.S.) aRniSnuli fenomenis arsis gasarkvevad aucilebelia gaTvaliswineba marTvis maniis klasis eris sazogadoebrivi TviTorganizaciis fundamenturi maxasiaTeblebisa, rasac Semdegi ori kategoria asaxavs:

1) “marTvis maniis kalsis eris alternatiuli TviTrealizaciis jgufi”;

2) “marTvis maniis kalsis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi”.

marTvis maniis klasis eris sazogadoebrivi TviTorganizaciis, am saxelebiT aRniSnuli, fundamenturi elementebis arsebobis safuZvelia “gansxvavebis safuZvelze erTobis principi”, romelic marTvis maniis fsiqikur stiqias Seesabameba. [am faqtis sworad SefasebisTvis davasaxelebT sxva sami fsiqikuri stiqiis Sesabamis sazogadoebrivi erTobis principebs: Zlevis manias Seesabameba dasaxelebulisadmi radikalurad sapirispiro _ “igiveobis safuZvelze erTobis principi”; radikalurad urTierTsapirispiroa agreTve cxromis maniis da formis maniis Seesabamisi erTobis principebi, Sesabamisad: “erTobis fenomenis mimarT erTobis wevris primatis principi” da “erTobis wevris mimarT erTobis fenomenis primatis principi”]

“gansxvavebis safuZvelze erTobis principi” gamoricxavs marTvis maniis klasis eris wevrTa anu marTvis maniis fsiqikuri stiqiis matarebel pirovnebaTa gaerTianebis SesaZleblobas am fsiqikuri kompleqsis (marTvis maniis) pirdapir da SeuniRbavad gamomxatveli qcevis (SemoqmedebiTis Tu yofiTis) safuZvelze. marTvis maniis klasis eris warmomdgen sazogadoebriv erTobaSi, mis calkeul wevrTa Tu jgufTa Soris urTiergansxvavebis nebismieri SemTxveviTi gamovlena eqvemdebareba am sazogadoebrivi erTobis danarCeni nawilis mxridan mis Seuqcevadi zrdis xelSemwyob damokidebulebas. am midrekilebis uSualo nayofia “marTvis maniis klasis eris alternatiuli TviTrealizaciis jgufi”.

qarTveli eris SemTxvevaSi “marTvis maniis klasis eris alternatiuli TviTrealizaciis jgufis” magaliTebad SiuZleba dasaxeldes: megreloba, svanoba, lazoba, taoeloba, klarjoba, spereloba, leCxumloba, imerloba, guruloba, raWveloba, mesxoba, aWareloba, qarTleloba, kaxeloba,


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qiziyeloba, hereloba, fSaveloba, xevsuroba, moxeveoba, TuSoba da ase Semdeg.

“marTvis maniis klasis eris alternatiuli TviTrealizaciis jgufebi” marTvis maniis klasis eris sazogadoebrivi TviTorganizaciis sakuTrivi resursia (_ sxvadasxva maTganis wevroba uzrunvelyofs gaerTianebisTvis gansxvavebaze moTxovnas), magram es resursi ar iZleva am Tvisebrivi tipis eris struqturul gamokerZoebas mis momcav civilizaciaSi: _ am Tvisebrivi tipis eris wevri (_ marTvis maniis fsiqikuri stiqiis matarebeli pirovneba) sxva Tvisebrivi tipis erebis wevrebTan, maTgan fundamenturi gansxvavebis safuZvelze, erTobis gancdiT xasiaTdeba [es niSnavs imas, rom marTvis maniis klasis eris sazogadoebrivi TviTorganizacia ara eris aramed civilizaciis fenomenSi gamoixateba]. swored am danaklisis Semvsebia meore elementis _ “marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis” funqcia.

“marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi” am Tvisebrivi tipis eris warmomdgen sazogadoebriv erTobaSi gansxvavebebis generaciis aucileblobis safuZvelzeve yalibdeba. es xdeba upiratesad misi lokalizaciis aris monapire regionebSi, amgvari regionis mkvidrTa mier mosazRvred lokalizebul ucxo eris memkvidreobis elementebis sakuTar erSi garegnulad ganmasxvavebeli faqtoris mniSvnelobiT gamoyenebis anu garegnuli niSnebiT ucxo erTan TviTasocirebis (misi sazogadoebriv-kulturuli institutebis funqciis imitaciis) safuZvelze. amgvari funqciiT aqtualizebul ucxo ers vuwodebT “marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponents” an, mokled, _ “mdgradobis komponents”.

amrigad, “marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi” erovnuli Semadgenlobis mixedviT aucileblad orelementiania: pirveli, ZiriTadi, iniciativis matarebeli elementi TviT marTvis maniis klasis ers ekuTvnis (dafarvas daqvemdebarebuli fsiqikuri maxasiaTeblis _ marTvis maniis fsiqikuri stiqiis, matareblobis mixedviT); meore elementi, misi garegnulad gamomrCeveli faqtorebis (nasesxebi maxasiaTeblebis) momwodebeli ucxo eria (misi mdgradobis komponenti),


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romelic SeiZleba marTvis maniis klasis eris gansaxlebis arealSi diasporiTac iyos warmodgenili, Tumca es araa aucilebeli (miT umetes dRes, informaciis gavrcelebis Tanamedrove teqnologiebis arsebobis pirobebSi).

marTvis maniis klasis qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufTa magaliTebia: berZnoba (Zvelelineli erisadmi TviTmimsgavseba), urioba (ebraeli erisadmi TviTmimsgavseba, Sumereli erisgan SemorCenili amgvarive funqciis elementis naSTi), raneloba (iraneli erisadmi TviTmimsgavseba), somxoba (jer _ Zvel-armenieli, Semdeg _ armenieli erisadmi TviTmimsgavseba), osoba (alaneli erisadmi TviTmimsgavseba), afxazoba da ubixoba (adiReli erisadmi TviTmimsgavseba), qistoba da vainaxoba (CeCeni erisadmi TviTmimsgavseba) da a.S.

saxeliT _ “somxoba” (somexTa eTnosi) aRniSnuli amgvari erTeuli, safiqrebelia rom, Camoyalibda winaaziur istoriul wyaroebSi “soxmes” saxeliT dafiqsirebul regionSi mosaxle qarTveli eris Semadgeneli (ara aucileblad qarTveluri warmomavlobis) eTnosTaganisgan, mdgradobis komponentad, jer, Zlevis maniis klasis Zvelarmenieli eris (2-e saukunemde), Semdeg _ formis maniis klasis armenieli eris (3-e saukunidan) da, bolos, cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomenis (13-e saukunidan) aqtualizaciiT (ix.qvemoT). amrigad, saxeli somexi qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis aRmniSvneladac ki ar aris calsaxa mniSvnelobisa: dRes, iyo somexi niSnavs, an marTvis maniis klsis qarTveli eris wevrobas, an formis maniis klasis armenieli eris wevrobas, kerZo SemTxvevad _ cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomenis warmomadgenlis mniSvnelobiTac.

araa arsebiTi grZnobs da acxadebs Tu ara Tavs qarTvelad somexTagan eriT qarTveli pirovneba (es misi fsiqikuri maxasiaTeblis safuZvelzea dadgenadi).

marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis wevris erovnuli identifikacia ara sajaroa (aratransfaraciuli informaciaa): _ marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis wevris, rogorc aseTis (magaliTad _ somexis), am jgufis mdgradobis komponentad dafiqsirebuli erisadmi (aq armenieli erisadmi) kuTvneoba, am pirovnebis qceva-


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TviTgamoxatvis garegnuli aspeqtebis mixedviT, araviTar eWvs ar unda iwvevdes.

SesaZlebelia, rom marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis (magaliTad _ somexTa) dayofa warmomavlobiTi da erovnuli vinaobebis niSnebis mixedviT erTmaneTs ar daemTxves. anu, magaliTad: warmomavlobiT (_ mSoblebis erovnuli kuTvneobis mixedviT) armenieli somexTagani aRmoCndes eriT qarTveli, xolo warmomavlobiT qarTveli somexTagani _ eriT armenieli.

somexTagan (aseve, osTagan Tu afxazTagan) eriT qarTveli provnebis mier misi eriT qarTvelobis sajarod gamomJRavnebis (aRiarebis), marTvis maniis efeqtiT ganpirobebuli, akrZalvis darRveva sakuTari Tavis an gandobilTa winaSe, xels ar SeuSlis mas (amgvar pirovnebas) imoqmedos armenieli (an Sesabamisi mdgradobis komponentad dafiqsirebuli) eris sasargeblod, an misadmi zianis miuyeneblad mainc: gacema (TviTmiZRvna) marTvis maniis fsiqikuri stiqiis matarebeli pirovnebis TviTrealizaciis umTavresi aspeqtia (rasac adeqvaturad asaxavs maqsima: “rasaca gascem _ Senia, rasc ara _ dakargulia”).

miuxedavad imisa, rom arasworia somex (aseve, afxaz, os, bacb, qist da a.S.) pirovnebas garedan ukarnaxo (SeuZaxo), Tu romel ers ekuTvnis igi qarTvel da armeniel (Tu sxva Sesabamis) erTagan, amgvari praqtika metad gavrcelebulia, _ sazogadod rom vTqvaT, “marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi” am eris amave eris SigniT sxva amgvari erTeulebisagan momdinare misi sruli gaucxoebisken mimarTuli zewolis obieqtia. es aixsneba imiT, rom sxva amgvar erTeulTa sruli Tvisebrivi transformaciis SemTxvevaSi, aseT xvedrs gadarCenili garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufTagani gaTavisufldeba ucxo kulturis niRbiT sargeblobis aucileblobisgan da miiRebs SesaZleblobas pirdapiri TviTrealizaciiT gaxdes sawyis etapze misi mocveli eris warmomdgeni sazogadoebrivi erTobis iniciatori anu Tavisi arsebobis faqtSi gazardos marTvis maniis efqtis realizaciis xarisxi.

qarTveli eris nawilebis erTmaneTze amgvari (maTi eriT gaucxoebisken mimarTuli) umZafresi zewolis gamoxatulebaa is faqti, rom “qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufebis” saxelebi: berZeni, uria, somexi, osi da


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sxva gaxda am erTeulTa mdgradobis komponentad dafiqsirebul erTa, Sesabamisad: ZvelelinelTa, ebraelTa, armenielTa, alanTa aRmniSvneli; xolo, safiqrebelia rom, amgvarive erTeulTa saxelebi: ubixi, vainaxi, afxazi da qisti, axal erTa saxeladac ki dafiqsirda (Tumca, ukanaskneli ori saxeliT aRniSnuli eTnosebi, Sesabamisad, adiRel da CeCen erebTanac asocirdebian). dRes, aseT mniSvnelobas iviTarebs saxelic _ “mesxi”, rogorc amas kompozituri saxelis _ “Turqi-mesxebi” gamoyeneba cxadyofs (analogiuri gardamavali kompozitebis magaliTebia saxelebi: “wova-TuSebi”, “alan-osebi”). gvxvdeba sapirispiro praqtikac, rodesac TviTon qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufs eniWeba mis mdgradobis komponentad aqtualizebuli eris saxeli. amis magaliTia erT-erTi qarTuli provinciis dasaxeleba _ “rani” (nawarmoebi sCanis saxelisgan _ “irani”) da qarTvel kaTolikeTa frangebad, xolo qarTvel mahmadianTa Turqebad an TaTrebad (gaTaTrebulebad) saxeldebuloba qarTul metyvelebaSi. orivegavri praqtikiT mJRavndeba qarTveli eris danarCeni nawilis mier qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufTa qarTveli erisgan gaucxoebis, maTi TavTavis mdgradobis komponentebis igivur nawilebad dafiqsirebis mcdeloba, maTi sruli erovnuli gaucxoebisken miswrafeba. amgvari damokidebuleba, mdgaradobis komponentad dafiqsirebuli erebis Tu maTi diasporebis warmomadgenlebisTvis qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufebSi fsiqologiur komfortis uzrunvelmyofeli, am jgufebis eriT qarTveli wevrebisgan maTi eriT ganurCevlobis cnobierebis Camoyalibebis xelSemwyobi pirobaa. amasTanave, marTvis maniis klasis eris wevrebisTvis, gansxvavebis safuZvelze erTobis principis ZaliT, ucxo eris sazogadoebaa fsiqologiuri komfortis garemo. amdenad konfliqtur situaciebSi qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis eriT qarTveli nawili am erTeulis mdgradobis komponentad dafiqsirebuli ucxo eris mxares unda aRmoCndes, rac dadasturda afxazeTsa da oseTs gaRvivebul konfliqtebSi. meore mxriv, imave “gansxvavebis safuZvelze erTobis principis” mixedviT (anu marTvis maniis fsiqikuri stiqiis matarebeli pirovnebisTvis) damzgavseba, Tundac _ garegnuli, erTobis cnobierebis momxsneli pirobaa. am garemoebis ZaliT,


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marTvis maniis klasis eris (magaliTad, _ qarTveli eris) garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis (magaliTad, _ somxobis) eriT sakuTrivi (aq, eriT qarTveli) nawilis garegnulad TviTasocireba am erTeulis (aq, somxobis) mdgradobis komponentTan (aq, armeniel erTan), iwvevs am eris (aq, armenieli eris) mTlianobis darRvevas _ misgan iseTi nawilis CamoSorebis tendencias, romelTan urTierTobaSic eriT qarTvel elements (aq, somxobis eriT qarTvel nawils) SeeZleba garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufSi (aq, somxobaSi) iniciativis SenarCuneba. marTvis maniis klasis eris mdgradobis komponentad aqtualizebul erTa am meqnizmiT gaxleCis magaliTebad SeiZleba dasaxeldes: 12-e saukuneSi saqarTvelos saxelmwifos SemadgenlobaSi somxeTis samTavros dawinaurebis sinqronulad armeniuli saxelmwifoebriobis centris kilikiaSi lokalizeba; afxazobis gamoyofa adiRuri samyarosgan; qistebis gamoyofa CeCnuri samyarosgan; osebis gamoyofa alanuri samyarosgan; pontoeli berZnebis gamoyofa elinuri samyarosgan; erekle II-is zeobisas azerbaijanelebis gamoyofa iraneli erisgan (yizilbaSuri samyarosgan), stalinis iniciativiT sabWoeTis sivrcis CamoSoreba dasavleTevropuli civilizaciisgan . . .

amrigad, marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi, garegnulad gansxvavebis ganviTarebiT, garegnulad emijneba sakuTar ers, magram is, amasTanave, garegnuli damzgavsebiT, emijneba saTanado mdgradobis komponentad dafiqsirebul ersac da, garegnuli gansxvavebis demonstraciiT, xdeba sakuTari eris konsolidaciis birTvi. es aris safuZveli imisa, rom marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi am Tvisebrivi tipis eris, mis momcav civilizaciaSi, struqturulad gamomkerZoebel faqtorad davasaxeleT.

logikuria, rom marTvis maniis klasis eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufTa liderebi, maTi Camoyalibebis iniciatorebi an amgvar, Tundac CaSlil, mcdelobaTa avtorebi gvevlinebian am Tvisebrivi tipis erTa saxelmwifoebrivi aRorZinebis, saxelmwifoebrivi institucionalizaciis mainiciireblebad. pirovnebis amgvari funqciuri statusis umaRlesi miTosuri personifikaciaa kolxeTis mefe aieti (qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis aqtualizatori, mdgradobis komponentad Zlevis maniis klasis


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aqeveli eriT). qarTveli eris istoriaSi aietis memkvidreebad SeiZleba davasaxeloT: mefe azoni _ arian-qarTlis saxiT, qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis aqtualizaciis iniciatori, mdgradobis komponentad Zlevis maniis klasis makedoneli eriT (xolo azonis mier gacis da gaimis kultis Semotana marTvis maniis pirdapiri efeqtis gamoxatulebaa); mefe farnavazi _ iberia-qarTlis saxiT qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis aqtualizatori, mdgradobis komponentad Zlevis maniis klasis parTieli eriT (armazis, igive hormuzdis anu ahuramazdas kultis damamyarebeli); mefe miTridate VI evpatori _ pontos saxiT, qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis aqtualizatori, mdgradobis komponentad Zlevis maniis klasis makedoneli eriT; mefe farsman II qveli _ iberia-qarTlis saxiT, qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad Zlevis maniis klasis romaeli eris aqtualizatori (armazis kultis marsis kultiT Canacvlebis Seferxebuli iniciativis avtori); mefe amazaspi _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad formis maniis klasis iraneli eris aqtualizatori; mefe vaxtang I gorgasali _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad formis maniis klasis bizantieli eris aqtualizatori; mefe gubazi _ egrisis samefos fenomenSi amazaspis da vaxtang gorgaslis iniciativebis reaqtualizatori; mefe leon II _ egris-afxazeTis samefos fenomenSi vaxtang gorgaslis iniciativis reaqtualizatori; zaqaria mxargrZeli _ somxeTis samTavros saxiT qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis reaqtualizatori; vaxtang VI da sulxan-saba orbeliani _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad evropel erTaganis aqtualizaciis CaSlili incativis avtorebi; mefe erekle II _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad, jer, cxromis maniis kasturi efeqti armeniuli fenomenis, sabolood ki Zlevis maniis klasis rusi eris aqtualizatori; ilia WavWavaZe _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad rusi eris aqtualizaciis iniciatori (misgan garegnulad damzgavsebiT gamoyofis tendenciis personifikacia); niko


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nikolaZe _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad cxromis maniis klasis evropeli erTaganis aqtualizaciis CaSlili iniciativis avtori; stalini _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad rusi eris aqtualizatori da a.S.

unda aRiniSnos, rom ukanaskneli ori saukunis ganmavlobaSi qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufebs Soris dominirebs amgvari erTeuli, mdgradobis komponentad rusi eriT. misi dominanti sxva amgvar erTeulTa funqciis nivelirebis, mis mier maTi STanTqmis tendenciaSia asaxuli.

* * * qarTveli eri egeosuri civilizaciis nawilia, amdenad,

misi istoriis ganxilva da, kerZod, somxobis, rogorc qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis istoriuli rolis warmoCena SeuZlebelia “egeosuri civilizaciis” fazaTa cvlis procesis gauTvaliswineblad. egeosuri civilizacia fazebis cvlas ganicdis "faruli dasawyisis efeqtis sqemis" mixedviT. es niSnavs imas, rom yoveli meore faza ormagi efeqtis fazas warmoadgens. egeosuri civilizaciis SemTxvevaSi ormagi efeqtis fazebis realizaciaSi Tanamonawileoben marTvis maniis klasis da Zlevis maniis klasis erebi, xolo cxromis maniis klasis da formis maniis klasis erebi pasuxoben calfa efeqtis fazebs, romlebic morigeobiT mosdeven ormagi efeqtis fazebs.

qristes Sobamde 2-e saukuneSi (egeosuri civilizaciis meore ormagi efeqtis fazis Suaxanebi) romaeli erisgan Seviwroebis Sedegad makedoneli eri (Zvelelinuri samyaro makedonelTa dominantiT) gaxda gaZlierebul parTiel da Zvelarmeniel erebze ufro misaRebi qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis materebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad, rac, iberia-qarTlis samefos saxiT, qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis, mdgradobis komponentad parTieli eriT, da somxobis (Sesabamisad, mcxeTis samefos, arSakiduli dinastiiT, da armazis samefos, artaSesiduli dinastiiT) daqveiTebasa da pontos aRzevebaSi gamoixata: miTridate VI evpatoris zeobisas pontos samefo, rogorc qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi, mdgradobis komponentad makedoneli eriT


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(Zvelelinuri samyaro makedonelTa dominantiT), mTeli qarTveli eris mocvis tendenciis gamomxatvelad gamoikveTa.

qristes Sobidan 3-e-9-e saukuneebSi, egeosuri civiliza-ciis meore formis maniis calfa efeqtis fazaSi (pirvel aseTi fazad igilisxmeba egeosuri samyaros mdgomareoba, masze egvipturi civilizaciis garegani gavleniT gansa-zRvruli, romelic win uZRoda pirveli ormagi eeqtis fazis realizacias) moxda formis maniis klasis iseTi erebis Camoyalibeba rogoricaa: armenieli eri (Zvelarmenieli eris Tvisebrivi transformaciis Sedegad), iraneli eri (sasaniduri imperiiT warmodgenili), bizantieli eri (Zvelelineli eris Tvisebrivi transformaciis Sedegad), arabi eri, xazari eri (xazarebis mier iudaizmis aTvisebis Sedegad). axali fazis dadgomasTan dakavSirebiT qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis aqtualizacia morig radikalur cvlilebas _ qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis axali realizaciiT aqtualizacias moiTxovda, mdgradobis kompone-ntad dasaxelebul erTagan erT-erTis dafiqsirebiT. sawyis etapze am mniSvnelobiT upiratesoba mieniWa armeniel ers. magram am mdgradobis komponentiT qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi qarTveli eris sruli asimilaciis safrTxis matarebeli aRmoCnda: _ uSualo mezobloba SesaZlebels xdida armeniuli enis gavrcelebas qarTul provinciebSi da saxelmwifoebrivi instituciebis am enaze Seuqcevad gadasvlas (kavkasiis albaneTis mzgavsad), rac, egeosur civilizaciis mimdinare fazis xelSewyobiT, aRniSnul jgufSi (somxoba) iniciativis misi mdgradobis komponentis (armenieli eris) xelSi gadasvlis Sedegad, misi eriT qarTveli nawilis Tvisebrivi transformaciis procesis TandaTan mTel qarTvel erze gavrcelebis pirobas qmnida. am procesis personifikaciad warmogvidgeba somex bagratunTa sagvareulo da mamikonianTa sagvareulo, misi lazuri warmoSobis gaTvaliswinebiT. 5-e saukuneSi vaxtang gorgaslma safuZveli daudao qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli alternatiuli jgufis aqtualizacias, mdgradobis komponentad bizantieli eriT, ramac gaamyara qarTuli enis instituciuri funqcia. am erTeulma iniciativa waarTva mdgradobis komponentad armenieli eris mafiqsirebel qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufs, “somxobas”, gadaaqcia is lokalur erTeulad. amis Semdeg


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armenieli eri TviTon Cavarda asimilaciis safrTxeSi, formis maniis klasis bizantieli eris eqspansiis Sedegad (formis maniis efqtis bizantiuri fenomenis realizaciis movlenam elinuri samyarosgan armeniul da dasavleTslavur samyaroebze gafarToeba ganicada). es procesi procesi SeaCera Turq-seljukTa eqspansiam, egeosuri civilizaciis morigi fazis movlenam, Tumca amiT armenieli eris saarsebo safrTxe ar moxsnila.

9-e saukunis dasasruls egeosur civilizaciaSi mesame ormagi efeqtis fazis dadgomasTan dakavSirebiT, romelic gagrZelda 12-e saukunis dasasrulamde, formis maniis klasis armenieli eris arseboba am civilizaciaSi araaqtualuri gaxda. am viTarebaSi somxobis, rogorc qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis, aRdgena (wina fazaSi armenizebuli eTnosis bazaze) iqca armenieli eris gadarCenis erT-erT umTavres resursad. amgvari ukuprocesis personifikaciaa imave anisel somex bagratunTa da mxargrZelTa sagvareuloebi. am procesma gamoiwvia somxobis, rogorc qarTeli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis armeniuli saxelmwifoebriobisgan CamoSoreba. armeniuli saxelmwifoebriobis lokalizaciis ared iqca kilikia.

egeosuri civilizaciis morigi, meore cxromis maniis calfa efeqtis fazis dasawyisTan dakavSirebuli mZlavri ryevebi saqarTvelos saxelmwifom ganicada 12-e saukunis 80-ian wlebSi. es movlena cnobilia yuTlu arslanis amboxis saxeliT. Tamar mefis Semdeg egeosuri civilizaciis meore cxromis maniis calfa efqtis fazisadmi qarTveli eris reaqciam SeiZina am fazis saTanado qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis, mdgradobis komponentad cxromis maniis efeqtis fenomeniT, formirebis procesis mniSvneloba. amis gamoxatulebaa mefe laSa-goirgis sufizmiT gataceba (rindebis ordenTan daaxloeba). magram movlenaTa ganviTarebaSi Caeria Cinuri civilizaciis gavlenis faqtori: winaaziis udidesi nawili Cinuri civilizaciis erT-erTi fazis realizaciis gamomxatvel fenomenSi, monRolur imperiaSi moeqca. am viTarebaSi, egeosuri civilizaciis arniSnuli fazisadmi qarTveli eris reaqciis mniSvnelovan aspeqtad iqca misi garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad, “cxromis maniis kasturi


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efeqtis armeniuli fenomenis” aqtualizacia . cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniul fenomens vuwodebT 13-e saukunis SuaxanebisTvis, Cinur civilizaciaSi formis maniis efeqtis fazis dadgomis Sedegad, formis maniis klasis erad transformaciis process daqvemdebarebul Turquli samyaros da amave Tvisebrivi tipis iraneli eris lokalizaciis sivrceebze diasporebad daqsaqsul, formis maniis klasis armenieli erisgan, am, ucxos mimarT mtrul garemoSi, misi adaptaciis amocanis sapasuxod gamoyofil elements, warmodgenils armeniel vaWarTa da mevaxSeTa feniT. qarTul istoriografiaSi da sametyvelo praqtikaSi, es, axali, qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi ar aris garCeuli somxobisgan, rogorc qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufisgan, mdgradobis komponentad formis maniis lasis armenieli eriT (isini erTidaimave saxeliT _ somxebi aRiniSnebian). rac misi mdgradobis komponentis formis maniis klasis armenieli eris saarsebo problemis safuZvelze warmoqmnis da arsebobis asaxvaa. cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomeni erTgvar damcav garsad moevlina yizilbaSuri da osmaluri imperiebis sivrceze gafantul armeniul diasporebs da amasTanave, is, rogorc cxromis maniis efeqtis fenomeni, sagareo urTierTkontaqtebis realizator elementTaganad iqca “dasavleTevropul civilizaciasa” (gamoeyo egeosur civilizacias 12-e saukunis SuaxanebSi) da “islamur civilizacias” (gamoeyo egeosur civilizacias 15-e saukuneSi) Soris. islamur samyaroSi dasavleTTan vaWroba, faqtobrivad, armeniel vaWarTa eqskluziur uflebad iqca. cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomeni egeosuri civilizaciis meore cxromis maniis calfa efeqtis fazis dasrulebamde konstruqciul rols asrulebda egeosuri civilizaciis warmomadgenel iSviaT elementTaganad SemorCenil, qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis fenomenSi, rogorc am civilizaciis Sinagani, funqciurad aqtualuri elementi. magram egeosuri civilizaciis morig, meoTxe ormagi efqtis fazaSi (16-e saukunis dasasruli _ 1926 weli) misi Sinagani funqciuri aqtualoba moixsna. amasTanave, Tumca egeosuri civilizacia arsebobas ganagrZobda, mTeli misi sivrce dasavleTevropuli da islamuri civilizaciebis eqspansiis areSi iqna moqceuli: misi yofili sivrcis udidesi nawili daisakuTres


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dasavleTevropulma da islamurma civilizaciebma; kavkasia islamuri imperiebis brZolis sagnad da asparezad iqca; ruseTis sivrceze, jer moskovis ruseTis saxiT, Cinuri civilizaciis, Semdeg ki, ruseTis imperiis saxiT, dasavleTevropuli civilizaciis dominanti damyarda. am viTarebaSi egeosuri civilizaciis sagareo kontaqtebis warmoebis SesaZlebloba, rogorc cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomenis konstruqciulobis SenarCunebis resursi, praqtikulad ar arsebobda. aman biZgi misca cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomenis dasavleTevropul civilizaciaSi adaptaciis tendencias da is rusuli imperiis qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis winaaRmdeg mimarTul strategiis (dasavleTevropuli civilizaciis gafarToebis morigi aqtis) Tanamonawile aRmoCnda. amasTanave, unda aRiniSnos, am procesis amsaxveli movlenebi, romelic vaJa SubiTiZis wignSi _ “somxuri’imperia’(lizmi) da kolonializmi” (2011) aris gadmocemuli, Seicavs qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufebis sxva amgvar erTeulTa qarTveli erisgan srulad gaucxoebaze mimarTulobis gamoxatulebebs: qarTuli marTlmadidebloba da masze damyarebuli qarTuli saxelmwifoebrioba qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufs warmoadgenda, mdgradobis komponentad formis maniis efeqtis bizantiuri fenomeniT, amdenad is konkurenti iyo somxobis, rogorc qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufisTvis, mdgradobis komponentad formis maniis klasis armenieli eriT da masTan dakavSirebuli cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomeniT.

2003 wlidan saqarTveloSi SeiniSneba saxelmwifoebrivi aRorZineba, rac axali, "qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis" aqtualizacias aRniSnavs. mis mdgradobis komponentad amerikl ers ver davasaxelebT, saqarTvelos Tanamedrove saxelisuflo gundis mier proamerikuli kursis arCevis Sesaxeb gancxadebebis miuxedavad. “vardebis revoluciis” Semdeg amerikeli eris gavlena imdenad Zlieria, rom is Tavad aris saqarTveloSi sakuTari interesebis gamtarebeli da Tavisi yofiTi normebis danergvis procesis warmmarTveli. amdenad, saqarTvelos saxelmwifoebrivi aRorZinebis mimdinare procesSi qarTveli eris warmomadgenlebs iniciativis gamovlenis SesaZlebeloba


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aqvT, mxolod, qarTveli eris garegnuli gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad, dRes saqarTveloSi amerikel erze ufro susti poziciis mqone, rusi eris aqtualizaciis pirobiT. saqarTvelos samTavrobo gundis funqciis amgvarad Sefasebis samarTlianobis dasturia qarTuli saxelmwifos gasamxedroebul-policiuri xasiaTi da saqarTvelos saxelmwifos instituciuri ganviTarebis procesis ruseTisagan gamijvnis mniSvnelobis movlenad warmodgenis tendencia (rogorc aRiniSna, gansxvavebis safuZvelze erTobis principis mixedviT, damzgavseba erTobis momxsnel pirobad gvevlineba). amrigad mixeil saakaSvili, rogorc saqarTvelos samTavrobo gundis lideri, qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad rusi eris aqtualizaciis iniciatorad SeiZleba dasaxeldes da mas somxobis saxeliT cnobil, qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufTan ver davakavSirebT. magram Tu saqarTveloSi rusi eri daibrunebs dominantis statuss, maSin saqarTvelos samTavrobo gundi somxobis saxeliT cnobili qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis, mdgradobis komponentad cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomeniT, aqtualizatorad mogvevlineba: cxromis maniis kasturi efeqtis armeniuli fenomeni (amerikis armeniuli lobiT warmodgenili) SesaZlebelia qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufis mdgradobis komponentad aqtualizebul, cxromis maniis klasis amerikeli eris warmomadgenel elementTaganad dafiqsirdes. es faqtori (cxromis maniis efeqtis armeniuli fenomenis formis maniis klasis armeniel erTan kavSiris gaTvaliswinebiT) saqarTveloze armenieli eris gavlenis zrdis pirobad sCans. miT umetes, rom egeosuri civilizaciis mimdinare, meoTxe formis maniis calfa efeqtis faza (2008 _ 2027 ww.) metad xelsayrelia armeniuli saxelmwifoebriobis aRmavlobisTvis. magram, amavdroulad, somxoba, rogorc qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufi, mdgradobis komponentad formis maniis klasis armenieli eriT (anu somxoba misi amJamad aqtualuri mniSvnelobiT), egeosuri civilizaciis mimdinare fazaSi qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis ganmtkicebis, saqarTveloze armenieli eris gavlenis zrdis efeqturad Sekavebis mniSvnelovani resursad isaxeba.


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SevniSnavT, rom qarTuli saxelmwifoebriobis qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebel jgufebze damyarebulobis moxsnis, qarTveli saxelmwifoebrivi TviTorganizaciis marTvis maniis pirdapiri efeqtis gamoxatulebad gadaqcevis aucilebeli pirobaa fsiqikur stiqiaTa Teoriaze damyarebuli “msoflio sazogadoebis civilizaciuri struqturis globaluri optimizaciis programis” iniciireba. es saSualebas miscems qarTveli eris garegnulad gansxvavebis matarebeli jgufebis eriT qarTvel warmomadgenlebs (maT Soris eriT qarTvel somxebs) gaTavisufldnen ucxo erTa kulturis niSnebiT sargeblobis aucileblobisgan, an Sesabamisi garegnuli maxasiaTeblebis SenarCunebiT (cxovrebis garegnuli aspeqtebis Secvlis gareSe), sajarod aRiarebul hyon maTi eriT qarTveloba. statiaSi ganxilulia qarTul sametyvelo praqtikaSi saxeliT _ “somexi” aRniSnuli eTnofenomenis identifikaciis sakiTxi, qarTvel da armeniel erebTan misi mimarTebis aspeqtiT. sakiTxi Seswavlilia “fsiqikur stiqiaTa Teoriis” poziciidan, romelic warmoadgens dimitri uznaZis ganwyobis Teoriis ganviTarebas “ganwyobis Sinaarsis sazogadod moucilebadi momentis” aRmoCenis safuZvelze.

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междунородного симпозиума. С.П 2004.

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paradigma. Tb. 2011.

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“saistorio vertikalebi”. 2010

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Древнего Рима. С.П. 2001. 9. Всемирная история. т. I – VI 1956-1966.

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11. S. TeTvaZe, o.TeTvaZe. somxebi saqarTveloSi. Tb 1998.

12. v. SubiTiZe. somxuri “imperia”(lizmi) da kolonializmi. Tb. 2011

13. mTavarepiskoposi anania jafariZe. saqarTvelos samociqulo eklesiis istoria.

Tb.1996.

Emzar Khvichia

Ethnic group "Somekhi" as one of the external manifestations of hidden

belonging to the Georgian nation

Summary

The article discusses the issue of identification of ethnic phenomenon of the

name “somekhi” in Georgian speech with the aspect of relation to Georgian and

Armenian nations. The subject is studied from the position of “The Theory of

Psychic Elements”, which is the continuation of Dimitri Uznadze`s “Theory of a

Set” on the discovery of “Generally Unalienable Aspect of Content of a Set”.

Keywords: identification of ethnic phenomenon, Dimitri Uznadze, “somekhi”,

“Theory of a Set”,”The Theory of Psychic Elements”.

Reviewer: Professor Vaja Shubitidze, Georgian Technical University

Емзар Хвичиа

Этнос под именем «Сомехи» как один из внешних проявлений

скрытой принадлежности к Грузинской наций

Резюме

В статье рассматривается вопрос идентификации этнического феномена

известного в грузинской речи под названием «сомехи», с точки зрения его

отношения к грузинской и армянской нации. Предмет исследуется с позиции

«Теории психических стихии», который является продолжением «Теории

установки» Димитрия Узнадзе на основе открытия «Вообще неотъемлемого

аспекта содержания Установки». Ключевые слова: идентификации этнического феномена, Димитри Узнадзе,

«сомехи», «Теории установки», «Теориа психических стихии».

Рецензент: профессор Важа Шубитидзе, Грузинский технический



34

e k o n o m i k a

genadi iaSvili, qeTevan beTlemiZe

saxelmwifo da mcire biznesi

dRes Tanamedrove msoflioSi, ganviTarebuli qveynebis

ekonomikis warmatebis erT-erT umTavres safuZvels, swored mcire biznesi warmoadgens. msoflioSi arsebuli biznes struqturebis absoluturi umravlesoba (evrokavSiri - 99,7%, aSS - 99,8%) mcire warmoebaze modis, romelTa mier warmoebuli produqciis da momsaxurebis xvedriTi wili saerTo mSp-Si 50%-s da mets Seadgens. saqarTveloSi mcire biznesze modis registrirebul sawarmoTa 80%, magram Tu am sawarmoebis mier Seqmnili produqciis xvedriT wilze visaubrebT, suraTi absoluturad sawinaaRmdegoa.mcire sawarmoebi mTliani produqciis 40%-ze naklebs qmnian. [1]

mocemuli naSromis mizans warmoadgens saerTaSoriso praqtikis gaTvaliswinebiT saqarTveloSi arsebuli mcire biznesis ganviTarebis xelisSemSleli mizezebis da im problemebis aRmoCena rac misi ganviTarebas aferxebs.

2006 wels saqarTveloSi cvlilebebi Sevida kanonSi ,,erovnuli sainvesticio saagentos Sesaxeb‘‘ da aRniSnuli kanoniT (muxli¹3 – terminTa ganmartebebi) dadginda ganmartebebi mcire da saSualo zomis sawarmoebisaTvis.[2] kerZod:

• mcire sawarmo- ,,mewarmeTa Sesaxeb‘‘ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad Seqmnil yvela organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis sawarmo, romelSic dasaqmebulTa saSualo wliuri raodenoba ar aRemateba 20 dasaqmebulsa da wliuri brunva – 500 aTas lars.

• saSualo sawarmo ,,mewarmeTa Sesaxeb‘‘ saqarTvelos kanonis Sesabamisad Seqmnil yvela organizaciul-samarTlebrivi formis sawarmo, romelSic dasaqmebulTa saSualo wliuri raodenoba ar aRemateba 100 dasaqmebulsa da wliuri brunva – 1,5 mln. lars.

mezobel azerbaijanSi mcire sawarmoebSi momuSave adamianebis raodenoba sferoebis mixedviT aris ufro naklebi, vidre:


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• 50 adamiani – industria da sxva produqciuli seqtorebi;

• 25 adamiani – mSenebloba da inJineriis sfero; • 25 adamiani – mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis sfero; • 15 adamiani – transporti, vaWroba da momsaxureba; • saSualo sididis kompaniebisaTvis ar aris

definicia. belorusiaSi mcire sawarmoebs ganekuTvneba kompaniebi

dasaqmebulTa saSualo ricxovnebiT: • mrewvelobasa da transportSi - 100 kacamde, • soflis meurneobasa da samecniero-teqnikur

sferoSi - 60 kacamde. • mSeneblobasa da sabiTumo vaWrobaSi - 50 kacamde. • sacalo vaWrobasa da sayofacxovrebo momsaxurebaSi

- 30 kacamde. • arasawarmoo sferos sxva dargebSi 25 kacamde. rac Seexeba evrokavSirs, mikro, mcire da saSualo

zomis sawarmoebis (anu SME) kategoria Sedgeba sawarmoebisagan, sadac muSaobs 250 adamiani, da romlis wliuri brunva Seadgens 50 milion evros da maTi naRdi fulis moZraobis uwyisi ar aRemateba 43 mln. evros (3).

mTavrobam, mcire da saSualo biznesis mxardaWeris motiviT, sagadasaxado kodeqsSi mikro da mcire biznesebis cnebebi gansazRvra. mikrobiznesis statusi SeiZleba mieniWos mxolod fizikur pirs, romlis wliuri brunva 30 aTas laramdea. aseTi mewarme saSemosavlo gadasaxadisgan Tavisufldeba. mcire biznesis kategorias miekuTvnebian is biznesmenebi, romelTa brunva 30 aTasidan 100 aTasamdea. Tumca, rogorc eqspertebi aRniSnaven, mikrobiznesis statusis SemoRebaSi revoluciuri araferia, radgan am kategoriis biznesmenebi gadasaxadebs isedac ar ixdidnen.

saxelmwifosTan urTierTobaSi yvelaze daucveli mcire da saSualo biznesia. msxvil kompaniebs ufro ukeTesad SeuZliaT Tavis dacva imis gamo, rom maT meti saSualebebi aqvT. aq ara marto individualur saSualebebi igulisxmeba (vTqvaT kvalificiuri iuridiuli momsaxurebiT sargebloba), aramed isic, rom maT aqvT saSualeba, koleqtiuri interesebic gamoxaton.

mcire da saSualo biznesis sferos ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa pirvel rigSi saxelmwifos mxridan iseTi


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sakanonmdeblo mxardaWeris ganxorcieleba, romelic garkveuli finansuri siZneleebis periodSi amosunTqvis saSualebas miscems mcire da saSualo mewarmes.

aSS-s da evropis kavSiris qveynebis mcire biznesis ganviTarebis politikis Seswavlis Sedegad gakeTebulia prognozi: saqarTvelos ekonomikis swrafi zrdis uzrunvelsayofad da mowinave qveynebis ganviTarebis donis misaRwevad, Cvens ekonomikaSi, mcire da saSualo firmebis raodenoba 250-260 aTass unda aRwevdes. [4]

rogorc aRniSnaven ,,axalma sagadasaxado kodeqsma praqtikaSi mikro da mcire biznesis SeRavaTiani regulaciebi daamkvidra. mikrobiznesi gadasaxadebisgan saerTod ganTavisuflda, xolo mcire biznesisTvis gamartivebuli reJimi amoqmedda. Tumca es axali sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi mxolod fizikuri piris saqmianobas Seexo da is arasrulfasovan iuridiul normad gadaiqca, radganac realuri mcire biznesi axali sakanonmdeblo iniciativis miRma aRoCnda. moqmedi reJimiT, puris sacxobi Tu sakonditro sawarmo igive gadasaxadebiT ibegreba, rogoriTac foTis porti. amdenad, mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis molodinebi mimdinare wlidan amoqmedebuli axali sagadasaxado kodeqsis mimarT ar gamarTlda. warmoidgineT, rom qveyanaSi Semovida investori da mcire da saSualo sawarmoSi investicia daabanda. gadasaxadebis gadaxdis dros is aRmoaCens, rom, moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsidan gamomdinare, sul sxva reJimSi moxvda. amitomac, mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis xelsayreli biznesgaremos Sesaqmnelad xelisuflebam specialuri kanoni unda miiRos da qveyanaSi is regulireba damkvidrdes, romelic mTels msoflioSi moqmedebs. magaliTad, klasikuri midgomebiT, Tanamedrove biznessamyaroSi mcire biznesad 10 milionamde wliuri brunvis sawarmos brunvis areali 100 aTasidan 2 milion laramde, ukidures SemTxvevaSi 1 milion laramde mainc unda ganisazRvros, 100 aTas larze qvemoT wliuri brunvis mqone sawarmoebi ki – mikrobiznesad.[3]

sagadasaxado kanonmdeblobaSi maqsimalurad unda gamoiricxos ormagad wakiTxvadi da rTulad ganmartebadi debulebebis arseboba. aseve, Tavad „saqarTvelos sagadasaxado kodeqsma“ unda moicvas sakiTxebis sruli speqtri da minimumamde Semcirdes is kanonqvemdebare normatiuli baza


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(instruqciebi, brZanebebi), romliTac regulirdeba sagadasaxado urTierToba da gansakuTrebiT, sagadasaxado kontrolis sakiTxebi;

saWiroa dabegvris reJimis gamartiveba, raTa mcire biznesisaTvis kuTvnili gadasaxadebis daangariSebis da gadaxdis procedurebi iyos mniSvnelovnad martivi. es, sagrZnoblad Seamcirebs biznesis, gansakuTrebiT ki, mcire da wvrili samewarmeo saqmianobiT dakavebul pirTa mier administrirebis da sabuRaltro momsaxurebaze gasawev danaxarjebs.

aseve vfiqrobT, rom aucilebelia sagadasaxado aRricxvisa da angariSgebis formebis gamartiveba, rac gulisxmobs wliuri sagadasaxado deklarirebis praqtikis SemoRebas. es mniSvnelovnad Seamcirebs biznesis mxridan samewarmeo da aRricxva-angariSgebis procesSi Secdomis daSvebis risks.

aRsaniSnavia, rom saerTaSoriso Tu adgilobrivma fondebma saqarTveloSi mcire mewarmeebis dasaxmareblad aTeulobiT milioni lari daxarjes, Tumca biznesis es seqtori, ganviTarebis nacvlad, yovelwliurad mcirdeba. mcire da saSualo biznesis wili qarTuli biznesis mTlian moculobaSi, gasuli wlebis msgavsad, kvlav ar aRemateba 15%-s. Semcirebulia saSualo zomis sawarmoebis ricxvi, am sawarmoebSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba da saSualo xelfasi. saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi rogorc brunvis, aseve dasaqmebulTa raodenobis maCveneblebis 60%-ze meti msxvil sawarmoebze modis, miuxedavad imisa, rom msxvili sawarmoebis wili registrirebul subieqtebSi mxolod 7%-ia.

saerTaSoriso organizaciebma, maT Soris saerTaSoriso safinanso korporaciam (IFC) da aSS-s saerTaSoriso ganviTarebis saagentom (USAID), saqarTveloSi ganxorcielebuli proeqtebis farglebSi, mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis biznesgaremo gamoikvlies. mewarmeebma ZiriTad problemad kanonmdeblobis xSiri cvlileba daasaxeles. gamokiTxulTa umravlesobis (73 procenti) azriT, biznesgaremo saqarTveloSi bolo erTi wlis ganmavlobaSi mniSvnelovnad gauaresda. saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis daaxloebiT 70%-ma ganacxada, rom mTavari problema biznesis warmarTvisas investiciebis moZieba iyo. maTgan, vinc kapitaluri investiciebi ganaxorciela, 77%-ma


38

aRniSna, rom es maT gaunawilebeli mogebidan da sakuTari danazogebidan saxsrebis mobilizebiT moaxerxes. maRali sagiravno moTxovna da saprocento ganakveTebi im ZiriTad problemad dasaxelda, ric gamoc sawarmoebi sabanko sesxebiT ar sargebloben.[5]

miuxedavad imisa, rom axal sagadasaxado kodeqsSi aris sasikeTo cvlilebebi wina wlebTan SedarebiT, qveyanaSi sagadasaxado administrireba kvlav Seicavs sadamsjelo instrumentebs, rac gansakuTrebiT mtkivneulad mcire bizness, mcire, saSualo da wvril sawarmooebsa da momsaxurebis sferoebs exeba.

yvela ganviTarebul qveyanaSi mcire da saSualo biznesi SeRavaTiani sagadasaxado sistemiT aris waxalisebuli saxelmwifos mxridan, rac misi progresuli ganviTarebis maCvenebelia. ase magaliTad: germaniam gaaTavisufla mcire biznesi brunvis gadasaxadidan, fineTma – Seamcira gadasaxadebis ganakveTi mcire Semosavliani mewarmeebisTvis. gaerTianebulma samefom SeimuSava saSemosavlo gadasaxadebis progresuli sistema, xolo aSS-Si is kompaniebi, romlebsac mogebis dabali maCveneblebi aqvs, gadasaxads ufro dabali ganakveTiT ixdian. gadasaxadidan nawilobriv ganTavisuflebuli kompaniebis mier miRebuli dividendi miznad isaxavs mis reinvestirebas da sawarmos finansur zrdas.

mcire biznesmenisTvis problema aris, rom xSirad, sirTulis gamo is sworad ver igebs sagadasaxado kodeqsis debulebebs. sxvaTa Soris, 2009 wels ganxorcielebulma kvlevam aCvena, rom erT-erTi mTavari problema, rasac mcire biznesi awydeba, aris sagadasaxado kodeqsis gaugebari ena da bundovani frazebi, amaze saubaria mas Semdegac, rac dRes moqmedi sagadasaxado kodeqsi miiRes. ver xerxdeba, rom Canawerebi gasagebi iyos, rom es ar gaxdes Semdeg im finansuri darRvevebis safuZveli, risTvisac fiskaluri organoebi ajarimeben wvril mewarmeebs. meore Tema, romelic maT daasaxeles, aris buRaltruli aRricxvis problema. karg buRalters kargi anazRaureba sWirdeba. yvela kvalificirebuli buRalteri cdilobs, rom msxvil kompaniasTan hqondes saqme, radgan iq anazRaurebac ukeTesia da perspeqtivac meti. samwuxarod, wvrili da saSualo biznesi rCeba naklebad kvalificirebuli specialistebis xelSi.


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amasTanaa dakavSirebuli Semdeg is sirTuleebi, rac maT sagadasaxado kodeqsTan eqmnebaT; da mesame, es aris biznesis dagegmvis problema. maT ar hyofniT resursi, rom biznesgegma Seadginon, anu TavianTi saqmianobis parametrebi gansazRvron da realisturi miznebi daisaxon. literatura Reference:

1. saqarTvelos mcire da saSualo sawarmoTa asociacia

http://www.gsmea.ge/

2. . axali sagadasaxado kodeqsi. muxlebi 83-95 http://www.forms.ge.

3. .iaSvili, g. strategiuli menejmenti mcire da saSualo sawarmoebSi. stu, Tbilisi,

2009

4. mcire da saSualo biznesi saqarTveloSi. statistikuri publikacia. Tb.: 2009

5. axvlediani a. mcire sawarmoTa roli ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi. Jurn.

,,ekonomika‘‘ ¹7-8 1991

6. saqarTvelos ministrTa kabinetis 1993 wlis 6 agvistos ¹613 dadgenileba

„saqarTvelos respublikaSi mcire samewarmeo saqmianobis ganviTarebis da

xelSewyobis RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb“.

Genadi Iashvili, Ketevan Betlemidze

Government and Small Business

Summary

In today’s modern world one of the most important keys to success of

developed countries lies on small business. The absolute majority of the existing

business structures (the EU - 99.7%, United States - 99.8%) comes on small

business production. Their products and services make up more than 50% in the

total share of GDP. Small business accounts for 80% of registered enterprises in

Georgia thought their share in GDP is quite controversial. Small businesses produce less than 40% of the total production.

The aim of the work is to take into account the international practice to

discover the interruptions in Georgian small business development and develop the

ways to work them out.

Keywords: Government, small business, Georgian small business development.

Reviewer: Professor Zurab Shengelia, Georgian Technical University


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Геннадий Яшвили, Кетеван Бетлемидзе

Правительство и Малый Бизнес

Резюме

Сегодня в современном мире, важнейшей основой экономического

успеха развитых стран является малый бизнес. Абсолютное большинство

существующих в мире бизнес-структур (ЕС - 99,7%, США - 99,8%)

приходится на малое производство, чьи производимые продукты и

предаставленные услуги составляют 50% и более в общем объеме ВВП. В

Грузии из зарегистрированных в целом предприятий 80% приходит на малый

бизнес, а производимые ими продукты и предоставленные услуги

составляют меньше 40% в общем объеме ВВП.

Целью данной работы является выявление причин, которые

препятствуют развитию малого бизнеса в Грузии а также разработка путей

развития, учитывая международный опыт и практику.

Ключевые слова: Правительство, малый бизнес, развитие малого бизнеса в

Грузии.

Рецензент: Профессор Зураб Шенгелиа. Грузинский технический



41

s a m a r T a l i

sofio doRonaZe

konfliqti afxazeTSi, saqarTvelo - samSvidobo procesis

dinamika

afxazeTi saqarTvelos erT-erTi avtonomiuri respublikaa. misi mosaxleoba 1989 wlis sabWouri aRweris Tanaxmad 521,1 aTass Seadgenda (am droisaTvis saqarTveloSi 5,5 milioni adamiani cxovrobda). afxazeTis mosaxleobis 45,7 procents (239,9aTasi) qarTvelebi Seadgendnen, afxazebi 17,8 procenti (93,3 aTasi) iyo. 14,7 procenti somexi, 14,2 rusi, 2,8 procenti berZeni, 2,2 procenti ukraineli da belorusi daaxloebiT 0,4 procenti ebraeli, TaTari, azerbaijaneli da sxva erovnebis adamiani saxlobda. dReisaTvis afxazeTis, saqarTvelos teritoriaze daaxloebiT 150-200 mosaxle cxovrobs, romelTa Soris qarTvelebi da TviT afxazebi umciresobaSi arian. sabWoTa totalitaruli reJimis miuxedavad saqarTvelos centraluri xelisufleba imxanadac cdilobda SeeqmnaT afxazi mosaxleobisaTvis sasurveli politikuri da ekonomikuri garemo, sazogadoebrivi ganviTarebis pirobebi. sabWoTa kavSirSi mcxovrebi sxva mcirericxovani erebisagan gansxvavebiT, afxazebi Tavisi ricxovnobis miuxedavad garantirebuli iyvnen konstituciiT. bolo periodSi ki konstituciiT kanoniT arCevnebis Sesaxeb, mopovebuli hqondaT garantirebulad umravlesoba warmomadgenlobiT organoSi - avtonomiuri respublikis parlamentSi da aseve, garantirebulad umaRlesi partiuli Tanamdebobebi, imxanad marTvel komunistur partiaSi. dRes bevri msjelobs imis Taobaze, ramdenad swori an araswori iyo es gadawyvetileba, magram migvaCnia, rom, miuxedavad bevri safrTxisa, romelsac isini Seicavdnen, respublikis xelmZRvanelobis mxridan es gadawyvetilebebi afxazi mosaxleobisaken, maTi ndobis mopovebisaken gadadgmuli nabiji gaxldaT. afxazTa politikuri uflebebi, aseve gafarToebuli iyo mniSvnelovani kulturuli, lingvistikuri, saganmanaTleblo da sxva uflebebiT, unda xagasmiT iTqvas rom es uprecendento iyo maSindel sabWoTa saxelmwifoSi, SeiZleba iTqvas bevr demokratiul sazogadoebaSiac ki. afxazeTSi funqcionirebda


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uamravi skola, teqnikumi, itstituti da universiteti, samecniero dawesebuleba, sadac uzrunvelyofili iyo afxazur enaze swavleba da muSaoba (afxazeTSi afxazuri ena maSindeli da axlandeli konstituciiT saxelmwifo enadaa aRiarebuli). iqve muSaobda afxazuri Teatri, muzeumebi, televizia, radio. TiTqos araferi uSlida xels afxazuri kulturis ganviTarebas, afxazi erovnebis adamianebis mier mSobliuri enis Tavisufal gamoyenebas, metic maT upiratesobis aRiarebas afxazeTis farglebSi. samwuxarod ase ar fiqrobdnen separatistebi da is adamianebi, romlebsac afxazeTi Tavisi boroti zraxvebis realizaciisaTvis sWirdebodaT, romlebsac gadawyvetili hqondaT daerRviaT saqarTvelos erTianoba, SuRli CamoegdoT moZme erebs Soris da sisxliT daferili naprali gaeCinaT afxazeTsa da sruliad saqarTvelos Soris. demokratiul, damoukideblobis gzaze, evropisaken mimarTul saqarTvelosaTvis CamoeglijaT misTvis mSobliuri da mniSvnelovani nawili da gaexadad is Tavis saTareSo arealad. samwuxarod unda iTqvas rom maT es SeZles da ai ukve 20 weliwadia ar neldeba ganSorebis tkivili, ar neldeba im ubedurebiT gamowveuli simware rac afxazeTSi konfliqtis gaCaRebas mohyva. ori aTeuli welia uSedegod ibrZvis saqarTvelo Tavisi ZirZveli miwis dasabruneblad, saerTaSoriso Tanamegobroba or xalxs Soris ndobisa da keTilganwyobis aRsadgenad.

yvelaferi ki ase daiwyo da ganviTarda. konfliqti afxazeTSi, 1992 wels gaCaRda separatistuli dajgufebis mier, romelsac mxars uWerdnen daqiravebuli mebrZolebi Crdilo kavkasiidan (ruseTis federacia), aseve garkveuli politikuri Zalebi, axla ukve TvalnaTliv gamoCnda, rom saxelisuflebo eSelonebi ruseTSi. separatistebma SeZles xelSi CaegdoT afxazeTis mTeli teritoria (umciresi gamonaklisis garda) da 300 aTasze meti qarTveli, maTTan erTad araqarTveli mosaxleobis nawilic (romlebic maT reJims ar emorCiledboda) gamoaZeves mSobliuri saxlebidan. iZulebiT gamoZevebulma adamianebma Tavi Seafares saqarTvelos sxva regionebs, umTavresad Tbiliss da aseve gaifantnen mTel msoflioSi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis mier afzaxi separatistebis mxridan adamianis uflebebis uxeS darRvevebs, qarTveli mosaxleobis genocids araerTxel mieca saTanado Sefaseba da


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waredgina sxvadasxva saerTaSoriso instituts, upirvelesad gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis uSiSroebis sabWosa da generalur mdivans. gansakuTrebuli sisastike, romliTac qarTvelebs moepynen, saSineli damcirebebisa da sazareli faqtebis Sesaxeb detaluradaa aRniSnuli evropis sabWos adamianis uflebebis komisris alvaro roblesis moxsenebaSi, romelic 2000 wels aris gamoqveynebuli. am mosxenebas win uZRoda araerTi tragikuli movlena. ase magaliTad afxazma separatistebma bevrjer daarRvies SeTanxmebebi cecxlis Sewyvetisa da ltolvilebis dabrunebis Taobaze. maT Sorisaa moskovSi 1992 wels miRweuli SeTanxmeba, romelsac xels aweren saqarTvelos, afxazeTisa da ruseTis warmomadgenlebi, maT Soris CeCneTisa da Crdilo kavkasiis sxva liderebi. SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebda daqiravebulTaTvis mobilizaciis da sazRvris gadakveTis akrZalvas, SeTanxmebaSi xazgasmuli iyo, aseve, rom saqarTvelos teritoriuli mTlianoba garantirebuli unda yofiliyo. unda daSliliyo arakanonieri samxedro formirebebi da minimumamde dayvaniliyo SeiaraReba. samwuxarod afxazeTisa da sxva monawile mxareebis mier es SeTanxmeba darRveul iqna, metic is faratina qaRaldad gadaiqca. Semdgom molaparakebebze mis Sesaxeb dumils arCevdnen. cecxlis Sewyvetis meore SeTanxmeba xelmoweril iqna 1993 wlis 27 ivliss, imave monawile mxareebis mier. amasTan, amjerad ruseTis federaciam Tavis Tavze aiRo miRweuli SeTanxmebis Sesrulebis garantoris pasuxismgebloba. miuxedavad imisa, rom SeTanxmeba iTvaliswinebda konfliqtis zonaSi samxedro formirebebis ganiaraRebasa da gayvanas, afxazebma da sxva xelmomwerebma ugulvebelyves es SeTanxmeba. metic, ultra-nacionalisturi suliskveTebiT gamsWvalulebma daiwyes qarTveli mosaxleobis umowyalod rbeva da devna. cecxlis Sewyvetis bolo SeTanxmeba gaformda 1994 wlis maisSi, samwuxarod es SeTanxmebac bevris arafris momtani aRmoCnda. damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Tanamegobrobis samitze (1994 w.) ganixiles ra is umZimesi mdgomareoba, romelic Seqmnili iyo saqarTveloSi arsebul konfliqtTan dakavSirebiT, miiRes gadawyvetileba ganelagebinaT konfliqtis zonaSi samSvidobo kontigenti. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom am samSvidobo kontigentis


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(romelic rusi samxedroebiT iyo dakompleqtebuli) mandati araerTxel iqna mogvianebiT gagrZelebuli, Tumca realuri gardatexa amas konfliqtis daregulirebis saqmeSi ar Seutania, metic bevr SemTxvevaSi negatiuri rolic ki Seasrula. samSvidoboebis ganlageba ramdenime pirobas gulisxmobda: mxareebis daSoriSoreba; afxazeTTan, saqarTvelos mimarTebaSi dsT-sa da gaeros gadawyvetilebebis realizacia; ltolvilebisa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebisaTvis Tavis sacxovrebel adgilebSi usafrTxo dabrunebis garantiis Seqmna. rusma ,,mSvidobismyofelebma” dsT-s samitis gadawyvetilebis mxolod pirveli nawili Seasrules. cecxli Sewyda da mebrZoli mxareebi daSoriSorebul iqna. rac Seexeba ltolvilTa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirebisaTvis Tavis sacxovrebel adgilebSi dabrunebis sakiTxs, aq maT TiTi-TiTze ar daukarebiaT. konfliqtis dasawyisSi saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba uyuradRebobas iCenda im problemebisadmi, romelic saqarTvelSi Seiqmna. sabWoTa kavSiris daSliT gamowveuli romantizmi imaze Zlieri aRmoCnda, vidre saRi azri SeefasebinaT is safrTxeebi, romlebic totalitaruli reJimis rRvevas da separatizmis gaRvivebas mohyva yofil sabWoTa qveynis bevr regionSi. saerTaSoriso sazogadoeba ver aRudga win separatizms, romelmac damangreveli muxti moitana ara erT axalgazrda qveyanaSi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebis, megobari qveynebis ZalisxmeviT, rogorRac SesaZlebeli gaxda saerTaSoriso organizaciebis, upirvelesad gaerTianebuli organizaciis Semobruneba am sakiTxisadmi. terminic ki gaCnda konfliqtis gadawyvetis internacionalizacia, rac konfliqtis gadawyvetis saqmeSi saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis aqtiur Cabmas gulisxmobda. ver vityviT, rom am mcdelobam saboloo Sedegi - konfliqtis daregulireba uzrunvelyo, magram arc imis uaryofa iqneboda swori rom didi wvlili iqna Setanili imaSi, rom cecxlis xazidan mxareebma molaparakebis magidaze gadainacvles. 1993 wlis maisSi gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generalurma mdivanma gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos nebarTvis safuZvelze daawesa sadamkvireblo misia saqarTveloSi, samwuxarod misias Tavisi funqciebis Sesruleba ver SeeZlo cecxlis Sewyvetamde (1994 wlis 14 maisi). gaeros uSiSroebis


45

sabbWos 858 gadawyvetilebaSi miTiTebuli iyo sadamkvireblo misiis funqciebi:

- mudmivad Semowmdes cecxlis Sewyvetis SeTanxmebis Sesruleba;

- Semowmdes konfliqtis zonaSi mZime samxedro teqnikis arSeyvanisa da SeiaraRebis SezRudvis sakiTxi da kodoris xeobis patrulireba;

- konfliqtis situaciis Sesaxeb moxsendes gaeros generalur mdivans. samxedro dapirispirebis Semdeg sadamkvireblo misiis mandati gaizarda, raTa kontaqtebi daemyarebinaT konfliqtis mxareebTan da rus samxedroebTan. aseve, misiis xelmZRvanels daevala samSvidobo procesis stimulireba. 1996 wlis 26 oqtombers gaeros uSiSroebis sabWos 1077 gadawyvetilebiT soxumSi daarsda adamianis uflebaTa ofisi. afxazeTSi konfliqtis daregulirebis gzebis Ziebis saqmeSi gansakuTrebuli roli ganekuTvneba e.w. Jenevis process, romelic dRemde grZeldeba. aseve mniSvnelovania is Zalisxmeva, romelsac axorcielebda gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis generaluri mdivnis megobarTa jgufi saqarTvelos sakiTxebSi (safrangeTi, germania, ruseTis federacia, didi britaneTi da amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi). Jenevis process dasabami mieca 1997 wlis 17 dekembers. saqarTvelosa da afxazeTis warmomadgenlebi gaeros SuamavlobiT mudmivi sakonsultacio sabWos farglebSi axorcielebdnen kontaqtebs samSvidobo procesTan dakavSirebuli gadawyvetilebebis misaRebad. Camoyalibda sami samuSao jgufi: 1. sakiTxebi, dakavSirebuli cecxlis SewyvetasTan da sabrZolo moqmedebebis arganaxlebasTan; 2. ltolvilTa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa dabrunebisa da maTi uflebebis uzrunvelyofis; 3. ekonomikuri da sazogadoebrivi reabilitaciis sakiTxebis. gaimarTa aTeulobiT Sexvedra da konsultacia, maT uSedegobaze isic metyvelebs, rom konfliqti aqtiuri fazidan gayinuli konfliqtis rangSi gadavida da bevri araferi gadawyvetila. Tumca iyo umniSvnelo sakiTxebi, romlebzec axla yuradRebas ar SevaCerebT.


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calke aRniSvnis Rirsia is saqmianoba, romelsac konfliqtis mogvarebis saqmeSi euTo eweva. euTos damokidebuleba konfliqtTan da misi mogvarebis sakiTxebTan TvalnaTliv Cans im dokumentebSi, romelic miRebul iqna budapeStis, lisabonisa da stambolis samitebze. es dokumentebi xazs usvamen im garemoebas, rom afxazeTSi separatistebis mier ganxorcielebulia eTnikuri wmenda, umTavresad qarTuli mosaxleobis. euTom araerTxel miuTiTa im valdebulebebze, romelic akisria afxaz separatistebs konfliqtis mSvidobiani mogvarebisa da ltolvilebis usafrTxo da Rirseuli dabrunebis TvalsazrisiT. niSandoblivi konfliqtis genezisTan da afxaz separatistebis damokidebulebasTan dakavSirebiT aris 1998 wels galis tragikuli movlenebi. 40 000 adamiani spontanurad dabrunebuli galis raionSi gaxda, axla ukve naTelia, ruseTis mier mxardaWerili separatisebis devnis obieqti, 1200 udanaSaulo adamiani daiRupa da aTasobiT gamoiqca am Ria teroris pirobebSi. ai aseTi fasi Rirda afxazebisa da rusebis dapirebebi mSvidobis, pativiscemisa da adamianebis uflebebis dacvis Taobaze. Tavis 1187 (1998) rezoluciaSi 1998 wlis 30 ivliss gaerTianebuli erebis organizaciis uSiSroebis sabWom mkacrad dagmo afxazTa moqmedeba, gansakuTrebiT xazi gaesva saxlebis ganadgurebis aseulobiT faqts, ramac ltolvilTa dabruneba SeuZlebeli gaxada. es iyo masStaburi terori, romelmac daagvirgvina rusi mSvidobismyofelebis miyruebiTa Tu xelisSewyobiT Cadenili uamravi danaSauli qarTuli da araqarTuli mosaxleobis mimarT e.w cecxlis Sewyvetis procesis dawyebis Semdeg. es danaSaulebrivi qmedebebi exlac ar aris aRmofxvrili. konfliqtis mimdinareobis mTel procesSi aqtualuri iyo da dRemde rCeba afxazeTis statusis sakiTxi. miuxedavad imisa, rom ruseTis federaciis aqtiuri mxardaWeriT afxazeTi gamocxadda damoukidebel saxelmwifod da igi aRiarebuli iqna ruseTis da misi sateliti 2-3 qveynis mier, sakiTxi dRemde aqtualuria. aseve aqtualobas ar aris moklebuli ltolvilTa da iZulebiT gadaadgilebul pirTa Tavis sacxovrebel adgilebSi dabrunebis, Rirseulad dabrunebis problemac. saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobis mxridan araerTi mcdeloba iyo am problemebis gadawyvetis gzebi moZebniliyo,


47

samwuxarod vercerTma sakiTxma ver hpova saTanado mxardaWera mxareebis mxridan. axla aravisTvis saidumlo ar aris, rom afxazTa sijiutis ukan mudam ruseTi da misi agresiuli politika idga da dgas. Zneli saTqmelia ra meqanizmebiTaa SesaZlebeli am poziciebis Secvla da konfliqtis mSvidobiani gziT mogvareba. erTi cxadia, saqarTvelos xelisufleba ukan daxevas ar apirebs, misTvis miuRebeli iyo da aris arsebuli viTareba, is iseve rogorc qarTveli xalxi, ver Seegueba saqarTvelos danawevrebasa da dayofas. bolo periodSi saqarTvelos mTavrobam SeimuSava da gansaxilvelad waradgina araerTi samSvidobo iniciativa, maT Soris, 2006 wlis maisSi konfliqtis srulmasStabiani daregulirebis "sagzao ruka" . 2008 wlis 28 marts saqarTvelos prezidentis mier warmodgenil iqna mniSvnelovani samSvidobo iniciativa, romelic afxazeTis regionisTvis uprecedento avtonomiis miniWebas iTvaliswinebda konstituciuri garantiebisa da xelisuflebis gadanawilebis gziT. es da saerTaSoriso sazogadoebis mier, aseve araerTgzis inicirebuli sxva samSvidobo winadadebebi uaryofil iqna afxazeTis de-faqto xelisuflebis mier ruseTis xelisufalTa waqezebiT. samSvidobo procesis warmatebiT warmarTvis mcdelobebi CaSala 2008 wlis agvistoSi ruseTis federaciis mier ganxorcielebulma srulmasStabianma samxedro agresiam, romelic daiwyo cxinvalis regionSi/samxreT oseTSi, xolo misi meore fronti ruseTis mier gaxsnil iqna afxazeTis regionSi. intervenciis Sedegad zemo afxazeTi (kodoris xeoba) eTnikurad gaiwminda ori aTasi qarTvelisagan. dReisaTvis ruseTis mier okupirebulia afxazeTis regioni. igi gadaiqca rusi samxedroebis saTareSo ared. Sendeba samxedro nagebobebi rusi samxedroebisaTvis. mZimea kriminogenuri viTareba da adgili aqvs adamianis uflebebis uxeSi xelyofis faqtebs, rac qmnis ganukiTxaobisa da daucvelobis atmosferos, yovelive es, Tavis mxriv, uaryofiTad aisaxeba adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebaze. ruseTi sakuTari miznebisaTvis iyenebs afxazeTis regionis mosaxleobas da bunebriv resursebs. saqarTvelos parlamenti iZulebuli gaxda mieRo kanoni ,,okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb”, kanonSi naTqvamia, rom


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saqarTvelo aris suverenuli, erTiani da ganuyofeli saxelmwifo da mis teritoriaze nebismieri sxva saxelmwifos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis yofna saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mkafiod da nebayoflobiT gancxadebuli Tanxmobis gareSe, 1907 wlis haagis regulaciebis, 1949 wlis Jenevis IV konvenciisa da saerTaSoriso CveulebiTi samarTlis normebis Sesabamisad, aris suverenuli saxelmwifos teritoriis ukanono samxedro okupacia. sagulisxmoa, rom aseT Sefasebas iziarebs saqarTvelos megobari saxelmwifoTa absoluturi umravlesoba da ruseTis federacias mouwodebs gaiyvanos Tavisi samxedro nawilebi saqarTvelos mTeli teritoriidan da Sewyvitos ukanonoba-suverenuli saxelmwifos teritoriis okupacia. kanoniT ,,okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb” ganisazRvra im teritoriebis statusi, romlebic okupirebulia ruseTis federaciis samxedro agresiis Sedegad, dadginda teritoriebis gansakuTrebuli samarTlebrivi reJimi, aseve okupirebuli teritoriebi da sazRvao zonebi:

a) afxazeTis avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriebi; b) cxinvalis regioni (yofili samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri

olqis teritoriebi); g) Sav zRvaze: ruseTis federaciasTan saqarTvelos

saxelmwifo sazRvris mdinare fsoudan samxreTiT mdinare enguris Sav zRvasTan Cadinebis administraciuli sazRvris gaswvriv mimdebare sazRvao akvatoriaSi Semavali saqarTvelos Sida wylebi da teritoriuli zRva, maTi fskeri da wiaRi, romlebzedac saqarTvelo axorcielebs suverenitets, agreTve sazRvao zonebi: mimdebare zona, gansakuTrebuli ekonomikuri zona da kontinenturi Selfi, sadac saqarTvelo Tavisi kanonmdeblobisa da saerTaSoriso samarTlis normebis, kerZod, „sazRvao samarTlis Sesaxeb“ gaeros 1982 wlis konvenciis Sesabamisad, mimdebare zonaSi sargeblobs fiskaluri, sanitaruli, saimigracio da sagadasaxado uflebebiT, xolo gansakuTrebul ekonomikur zonaSi da kontinentur Selfze – suverenuli uflebebiTa da iurisdiqciiT; (12.11.2010.N3806 amoqmeddes 2011 wlis 1 ianvridan).

d) am muxlis „a“, „b“ da „g“ qvepunqtebiT gaTvaliswinebuli teritoriebis zemoT arsebuli sahaero sivrce. kanonma gansazRvra okupirebuli teritoriebis samarTlebrivi reJimi. okupirebul teritoriebze am kanonis


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moqmedebis vadiT vrceldeba sagangebo mdgomareobis reJimi, agreTve gansakuTrebuli samarTlebrivi reJimi, rac gulisxmobs SezRudvebs okupirebul teritoriebze Tavisuflad gadaadgilebis, am kanoniT gaTvaliswinebuli ekonomikuri saqmianobis ganxorcielebis, uZrav qonebasTan dakavSirebiT garigebis dadebisa da am kanoniT gansazRvrul sxva sakiTxebTan dakavSirebiT. amasTan, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo politika afxazeTis avtonomiur respublikasTan mimarTebaSi, ucvlelia da igi mSvidobian da Rirseul Tanaarsebobas gulisxmobs. saqarTvelos xelisufleba deokupaciis moTxovnasTan erTad, iTvaliswinebs konfliqtis Sedegad daSoriSorebuli mosaxleobis daaxloebisa da urTierTndobis procesis xelSewyobas. am mizniT, saqarTvelos mTavrobam 2010 wlis 27 ianvars miiRo saxelmwifo strategia okupirebuli teritoriebis mimarT ,,CarTuloba TanamSromlobis gziT", romlis ganxorcielebisaTvis 2010 wlis 3 ivliss damtkicda ,,CarTulobis strategiis samoqmedo gegma". saqarTvelos mosaxleobisaTvis, misi kanonieri xelisuflebisaTvis miuRebelia raime niSniT Tavisi moqalaqeebis diskriminacia amitomac saxelmwifo strategia iTvaliswinebs afxazeTis regionSi mcxovrebi mosaxleobisaTvis yvela im sargeblisa da SeRavaTis uzrunvelyofas, rac xelmisawvdomia saqarTvelos moqalaqeebisaTvis. gansakuTrebiT - humanitarul, socialur da ndobis aRdgenis sferoSi. ndobis aRdgenis mizniT, strategia gulisxmobs gamyofi xazis orive mxares arsebul sazogadoebebs Soris ekonomikuri kavSirebis xelSewyobas. saqarTvelos mTavroba okupirebul teritoriaze mcxovreb mosaxleobas sTavazobs status-neitraluri dokumentebis gacemas maTi deizolaciisa da daxmarebis mizniT. ,,piradobis neitraluri mowmoba" xelmisawvdoms xdis saqarTvelos saxelmwifos mier SeTavazebul socialur SeRavaTebs, xolo ,,neitraluri samgzavro dokumentis" saSualebiT mosaxleobas SesaZlebloba eqmneba, isargeblos sazRvargareT gamgzavrebis iseTive uflebebiT, romlebic saqarTvelos sxva moqalaqeebs gaaCniaT. socialuri kuTxiT, saqarTvelos mTavroba farTod uRebs kars afxazeTis regionis macxovreblebs ganaTlebisa da jandacvis miRebis mizniT.


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mizani Ria da daufaravia. unda aRdges urTierTndoba, erTiani saxelmwifos, rogorc Zlieri da adamianebisaTvis Rirseuli cxovrebis pirobebis Seqmnis garantis ganwyobis Camoyalibeba. mxolod ase gadava gayinuli konfliqti afxazeTSi, saqarTvelo gadawyvetis, mSvidobiani gadawyvetis fazaSi. literatura Reference:

1. saqarTvelos konstitucia,Tbilisi, „bona kauza“, 2011.

2. saqarTvelos erovnuli usafrTxoebis koncefcia. (www.gov.ge)

3. saqarTvelos kanoni ”okupirebuli teritoriebis Sesaxeb”, Tb. 2008

4. regionaluri konfliqtebi saqarTveloSi - samxreT oseTis avtonomiuri olqi, afxazeTis assr (1998-2001). politikur-samarTlebrivi aqtebis krebuli,

Tbilisi . ”sani” 2002. 428 gv.

5. saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis Teoria. qrestomaTia. samoqalaqo

iniciativebis institutis gamomomcemloba, 2004, -495 gverdi.

6. gegeSiZe a. politologia, Tbilisi, 1997.

7. doRonaZe S. saqarTvelo: gza saerTaSoriso aRiarebidan saerTaSoriso

Tanamegobrobisaken, Tbilisi, „cis nami” , 2002.

8. melqaze o. sazrvargareTis qveynebis saxelmwifo samarTali. Tbilisi,

gamomcemloba „ufleba“, 1996

9. rondeli a. patara qveyana saerTaSoriso sistemaSi, Tb., mecniereba 2003.

10. qoCoraZe o. geopolitikis safuZvlebi. Tbilisis Tavisufali universitetis

ESM biznesis skola. gamomcemloba NPG. 2009, - 465 gverdi. 11. В.П.Пугачов – “ПОЛИТОЛОГИЯ”. Москва, 1999 г.

12. Brodie B. War and Politics. N.Y. 1973

Sofia Dogonadze

Conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia - and Dynamics of the Peace Process

Summary

Abkhazia, one of the two autonomous republics of Georgia. According to the

1989 Soviet Census, the population of Georgia was 5.5 million. According to the

same source population of the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia, Georgia was

525.1 thousand, of which Abkhaz only -17.8 per cent (93.3 thousand).

Despite the Soviet totalitarian regime, the central authorities of Georgia

rendered their highest efforts to provide the Abkhaz people with an environment

conducive to a political, economic and social development. Abkhazia’s political

rights were also enhanced by a wide range of cultural, linguistic, educational and


51

other rights, unprecedented in the USSR and in the model democratic societies. In

Abkhazia there was a large number of public schools, institutes, a university and

other institutions of higher learning, which provided the opportunity for studying

in the Abkhazian language. The Abkhazian national theaters, museums, TV and

radio stations were a commonplace as well. Conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia, broke out in 1992. The conflict was provoked

by a handful of Abkhaz separatists, with a substantial support of the mercenaries

from the Northern Caucasus (Russian Federation) and certain political circles of

Russia. The separatists seized the entire territory of Abkhazia, terrorizing the

region’s Georgian population and forcing about 300 000 Georgian survivors off

their birthplaces. In the course of the ethnic cleansing conducted by the Abkhaz

separatists against Georgians, other nationalities including Russians, Armenians,

Greeks, Estonians, etc. were also forced to flee. Majority of the population found

itself outside Abkhazia.

The Georgian Government has presented a series of peace initiatives. These

and other peace initiatives of the international community have been rejected by

Abkhazian de facto authorities under guidance from Moscow. In Abkhazia, under Russian occupation, rampant crime and severe human

rights violations create the environment of arbitrariness and vulnerability affecting

lives of ordinary people. Russia exploits the population and natural resources of

Abkhazia for its own purposes.

The state policy of Georgia with respect to the Autonomous Republic of

Abkhazia, apart from the demand for de-occupation, focuses on developing links

between communities divided by the conflict and promotion of confidence-

building measures. Overall, the Georgian state policy is directed towards

establishing conditions designed to restore confidence between the divided

communities.

Kaywords: Conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia; the Peace Process; Soviet totalitarian

regime; The Georgian Government; Moscow; Russian occupation; de-occupation;

Reviewer: Professor Zviad Gabisonia, Georgian Technical University


52

София Догонадзе

Конфликт в Абхазии, Грузия – динамика мирного процесса

Резюме

Абхазия одна из автономных республик в составе Грузии. Центральная

власть Грузии даже в советские времена делала все от нее зависящее для

процветания этого региона и учета национальных особенностей Абхазов и

проживающих на этой территории наций и народностей. Для Абхазов,

которые не состовляли большинство населения Автономной республики (их

насчитывалось всего 17,8 %) создавались все условия для культурного

развития и активного участия в политической жизни. Такая же традиция

была продолжена и после восстоновления Грузией независимости, более

того, абхазы законодательно получили большинство в Верховном Совете

автономной республики. Несмотря на усилия Тбилиси, сепаратисты, при

поддержке найомников из Северного Кавказа (Российская Федерация) и

определенных кругов России развязали братоубийственную войну, что в конечном счете перерасло в нерешенный конфликт между Грузией и

сепаратистами из Абхазии.

В статье изложены мероприятия осуществленные международным

сообществом, ООН, другими авторитетными организациями и руководством

Грузии по мирному урегулировании конфликта. К сожалению эти усилия не

принесли должного результата. Подчеркивается, что самым значительным

бариером в улегурировании конфликта является истийная а не

декларированная позиция Росийсского руководства, которая в конечном

счете признала Абхазию независимым государством, тем самым пренебрегла

все международные нормы и соглашения по Абхазии, Грузия.

Грузинское руководство по прежднему за мирное разрешение конфликта и выдвинуло не одно конструктивное предложение, о чем говорится в статье.

Ключевые слова: Абхазия, Грузия; конфликт; разрешение конфликта;

международное сообщество; Верховный Совет АР; Северный кавказ;

найомники; международные нормы; динамика мирного процесса.

Рецензент: Профессор Звиад Габисония. Грузинский технический



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s a z o g a d o e b a liana gedevaniSvili

konstruqtivistuli midgomis mniSvneloba da roli

ucxouri enebis swavlebis procesSi

swavlis Teoriebs, romlebic swavlas gansazRvraven, rogorc gamocdilebidan codnis agebas, swavlis konstruqtivistuli Teoriebi ewodeba. agreTve, yuradRebas amaxvileben swavlis procesis socialur xasiaTze (Tanamedrove konstruqtivistuli azrovneba efuZneba piaJesa da vigotskis naSromebs). konstruqtivistuli Teoriis mixedviT:

moswavlem codna TviTon unda aagos gonebaSi;

maswavlebeli mxolod exmareba codnis agebaSi. pedagogs SeuZlia aswavlos gzebi, magram am gzis gavla

ukve moswavlis pasuxismgeblobaa. vigotski xazs usvamda swavlis socialur xasiaTs. bavSvebi mozrdil adamianebTan da ufro kompetentur TanatolebTan komunikaciis Sedegad swavloben.

konstruqtivistul azrovnebaSi Zalian mniSvnelovania skafoldingi, damxmare saSualebebiT swavleba. termini daamkvidra vigotskim. maswavlebeli kulturuli agentis/despanis rols TamaSobs (vigotski).

Tavdapirvelad, maswavlebelma mniSvnelovani daxmareba unda gauwios moswavles, Semdeg ki TandaTanobiT unda Seamciros mxardaWera da SesaZlebloba misces bavSvs, rom damoukideblad Seasrulos davaleba.

azrovnebisa da metyvelebis SesaZleblobebi ukavSirdeba warmosaxvasa da mexsierebas, rogorc SemecnebiT process. cxadia, warmosaxvis nimuSi yovelTvis ar aris sinamdvilis adeqvaturi, magram ama Tu im xarisxiT mainc Seesabameba, anu miaxloebulia im sinamdvilesTan, rasac igi asaxavs. es damokidebulia imaze, Tu rogor aris adamianis mier gamokvleuli da Seswavlili asaxvis obieqti. aqve SeiZleba aRvniSnoT, rom adamianisagan gansxvavebiT, arsebobs uamravi teqnikuri saSualeba, romelic calsaxad da adeqvaturad aRiqvams obieqts, magram mas ar SeuZlia mis garSemo arsebuli araTvalsaCino informacia adamianis gareSe daafiqsiros. rac Seexeba mexsierebis nimuSebs (mexsierebaSi dafiqsirebuli


54

obieqtebis saxes), igi Seesabameba im sinamdviles, romelsac asaxavs, mexsierebis es saxeebia gamoyenebuli marTvis Teoriasa da praqtikaSi. kerZod, mecnierebi ageben atomuri reaqciebisa da Sesabamisi praqtikuli gamoyenebis logikur, imitaciur, maTematikur, algoriTmul da a.S. modelebs, romelTa gaTamaSebiT kompiuteruli sistemuri programebi adgenen optimaluri procesebis warmoebis scenarebs da Semdeg axdenen maT praqtikul realizebas.

aseTive midgoma saWiroa saswavlo-SemecnebiTi sistemebis agebisTvisac. saswavlo masalis scenari unda warmoadgendes im procesis adeqvatur models, romlis realizeba konkretuli SemTxvevisaTvisaa saWiro.

saswavlo Tematikis TamaSad warmodgena aviTarebs moswavlis SemecnebiT Zalas, stimuls aZlevs misi moRvaweobis SemoqmedebiT mxares, xsnis daZabulobas da daRlilobas, aRvivebs interess, qmnis swavlisadmi xelsayrel atmosferos.

TamaSebi an misi kompleqsi SeiZleba warimarTos, rogorc erTi moswavlis, aseve oris da jgufebis monawileobiTac. TamaSis Sesrulebis kontroli xorcieldeba sxvadasxva gziT _ xmovani signaliT, moZravi striqonebiT da a.S. TamaSis Sedegi fiqsirdeba qulebiT, niSnebiT, waxalisebebiT, musikaluri an mxatvruli nawarmoebebis fragmentebiT, multiplikaciuri elementebiT da sxva.

piaJes SemecnebiTi TeoriisaTvis amosavalia mosazreba imis Taobaze, rom ganviTarebis procesSi bavSvi ubralod ki ar reagirebs garemos zegavlenaze, aramed garemosTan Seguebis procesSi aqtiurad moqmedebs, iZens codnasa da unar-Cvevebs. bavSvis mier samyaros Semecneba viTardeba ara mxolod codnis dagrovebiT, aramed Semecnebis procesiTac.

bavSvis mier aRqmuli samyaro gansxvavdeba mozrdilis mier aRqmuli samyarosagan. piaJes mixedviT, informaciis gadamuSaveba SemecnebiTi struqturebis _ sqemebis saSualebiT xdeba, romlebic aris informaciis miRebis, Senaxvis da garda-qmnis Sinaganad arsebuli CarCoebi. sqemebi icvleba mozardis ganviTarebasTan da codnis dagrovebasTan erTad. Tu bavSvis mier miRebuli informacia Seesabameba mis SemecnebiT struqturebs (sqemebs), maSin xdeba am informaciis gageba anu asimilacia. Tu informacia ar Seesabameba sqemebs, maSin informaciis gageba ver xerxdeba. im SemTxvevaSi, Tu SemecnebiTi struqtura momwifebulia Sesacvlelad, maSin igi


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gadaewyoba axali informaciis Sesabamisad, anu ganxorcieldeba akomodacia. amgvarad, aris axali gamocdilebis gaazreba arsebul SemecnebiT struqturebze dayrdnobiT.

asimilaciis da akomodaciis urTierTqmedeba TvalsaCinos xdis Semecnebis konstruqtivistuli midgomis siswores. kerZod, yoveli bavSvi erTsa da imave informaciaze sxvadasxvagvarad reagirebs, radgan gansxvavebul SemecnebiT struqturaSi kravs informacias. amas piaJe uwodebs bavSvis mier samyaros Sesaxeb codnis agebas _ konstruqcias.

asimilaciis, akomodaciis da konstruqciis procesi dabadebidan cxovrebis bolomde grZeldeba. yoveli axali konstruqcia SemecnebiT sistemas ufro moqnilsa da Zliers xdis. SemecnebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebis Sesabamisad bavSvebs unda mivawodoT realuri samyaros aRqmis Sesabamisi saSualebebi.

SemecnebiTi azrovnebis ganviTareba xdeba iseTi savarjiSoebis an situaciebis saSualebiT, romlebic xels uwyoben bavSvebis aqtiurad CarTvas saswavlo procesSi da moiTxoven adaptacias (asimilacia, akomodacia). saswavlo masalebi da savarjiSoebi unda moicavdnen mxolod iseT gonebriv operaciebs, romlebic sWirdebaT bavSvebs SemecnebiTi azrovnebis ganviTarebis garkveul etapze.

vigotski moswavleebs martoxela mecnierebs uwodebda. igi fiqrobda, rom moswavle aris patara Segirdi, romelsac maswavlebeli an/da sxva mozrdili examreba gamocdilebebis miRebaSi. vigotskis Teoria aris imis damtkicebis mcdeloba, rom Semecneba _ esaa socializaciis anu sazogadoebrivi urTierTobis produqti. magaliTad: romelime enis swavlebisas Cven enas viyenebT, rogorc sakomunikacio saSualebas, anu vcdilobT misi saSualebiT davamyaroT urTierToba sxvebTan. mxolod enis srulyofili Seswavlis Semdegaa SesaZlebeli misi, rogorc `Sinagani monologis~ saSualebad gamoyeneba.

vigotski saubrobs ganviTarebis uaxloes da aqtualur zonebze. ganviTarebis aqtualuri zona aris is zona, romelSic imyofeba moswavle swavlis momentSi, xolo uaxloesi zona aris is, romelsac advilad miaRwevs igi, Tu misi saswavlo procesi sworad iqneba agebuli. maswavlebeli swavlebis procesSi aqcents unda akeTebdes swored ganviTarebis uaxloes zonaze. es ki SesaZlebelia moswavlis


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mier problemebis gadawyvetiT sxvebTan (maswavlebeli, Tanatoli, mSobeli) urTierTobis procesSi. moswavlis mimarT aseT daxmarebas SeiZleba sxvadasxva forma hqondes.

SemecnebiTi azrovneba ganviTarebis etapebis mixedviT cvlilebas anu evolucias ganicdis.

Cveni azriT, saWiroa obieqturad Sefasdes saswavlo-SemecnebiTi sistemebis funqciuri SesaZleblobebi, Sefasdes rogorc negatiuri zemoqmedeba, aseve pozitiuri didaqtikuri SesaZleblobebi, ris safuZvelzec damuSavdeba saswavlo-SemecnebiTi sistemebis samomavlo meTodika da praqtikuli realizebis mimarTulebebi.


1. Великанова А.В. Компетентностно-ориентированный подход к образованию: образовательные технологии. Вып. 2 – Самара, изв-во Профи,

2002, 92 стр. 2. Выготский Л.С. Проблемы возрастной периодизации детского развития// Вопросы психологии. 1972, №2, с. 114-123. 3. Пиаже Ж. Речь и мышление ребенка – М., 1994, 448 стр. 4. Рубинштейн С.Л. «Основы общей психологии», 1940, 133 стр. 5. Vygotsky L.S. Mind in Society: The development of higher psychological processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 1978, 159 pp.

Liana Gedevanishvili The significance and role of constructivistic approach in the course

of foreign languages study

Summary

The offered paper deals with the significance of constructivistic approach in

the course of foreign languages’ study. Constructivism is the pedagogique

philosophy, that foresees the acquiring of knowledge and its creation by the student him/herself, while the teacher helps him to build knowledge and teaches

the ways, and the student is responsible for their passing.

Scientific significance of constructivism is based on continuous process of

designing and reorganization.

Information processing by the student is carried out by means of cognitive

structures that are changing along with knowledge accumulation. Cognition is the

product of socialization or interrelation with the society.


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In our opinion it is necessary to objectively estimate the functional

capabilities of education-cognitive systems, to compare both negative impact and

positive didactical capabilities, on the basis of which the future methodology of

education-cognitive systems and the directions of their implementation in practice

will be elaborated.

Keywords: constructivistic theories, education-cognitive theory, cognitive

structures, assimilation, accommodation.

Reviewer: Professor Rusudan Gotsiridze, Georgian Technical University

Лиана Гедеванишвили

Значение и роль конструктивистского подхода в процессе изучения

иностранных языков

Резюме

В предложенной статье речь идет о значении конструктивистского

подхода в процессе изучения иностранных языков. Конструктивизм –

педагогическая философия, которая предусматривает постижение знания и его создание самим учащимся, тогда как преподаватель помогает в

построении знания и обучает путям, за прохождение которых ответственен

уже учащийся.

Научное значение конструктивизма основано на непрерывном

процессе конструирования и реорганизации.

Переработка информации учащимся осуществляется с помощью

познавательных структур, которые изменяются по мере накопления знания.

Познание – продукт социализации или взаимоотношений с обществом.

По нашему мнению, необходимо объективно оценить функциональные

возможности учебно-познавательных систем, сравнить как негативное

влияние, так и позитивные дидактические возможности, на основе чего будет разработана будущая методика учебно-познавательных систем и

направления практической реализации.

Ключевые слова: конструктивистские теории, учебно-познавательная

теория, познавательные структуры, ассимиляция, аккомодация

Рецензент: профессор Русудан Гоциридзе. Грузинский технический

университет


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leli bibilaSvili,

brendi, samomxmareblo qceva da preferenciebi

sxvadasxva produqtis kategoriis farglebSi sxvadasxva faqtorebis gaTvalsiwinebiT xdeba brendebis SerCeva. imis identificiebisvis Tu ra faqtorebis ganapirobebs saqarTvelos bazarze momxmarebelTa qceveas da rogoria maTi preferenciebi Catarda Tvisebrivi kvleva. Tvisebrivi kvlevis farglebSi moxda mtknari wylis momxmareblebis qcevisa da preferenciebis Seswavla. qvemoT warmodgenilia samomxmareblo qcevisa da preferenciebis analizi.

Camosasxmeli mtknari wylism oxmarebis motivebi

Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis moxmarebis motivebi pirobiTad sam kategoriaSi SeiZleba gaerTiandes: (1) fiziologiuri, (2) racionaluri da (3) emociuri.

Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom mtknari wylis moxmareba, erTis mxriv, wminda fiziologiuri moTxovnilebebis dakmayofilebis saSualebaa, romelTac momxmareblebi racionalur argumentacias usadageben. Tumca, aRsaniSnavia, rom mtknari wylis moxmareba emociur sargebelis miRebasTanacaa dakavSirebuli.

fiziologiuri da racionaluri motivebi SeiZleba erT jgufSi gaerTiandes, radgan kvlevis monawileebi racionaluri argumentebiT xsnian wylis moxmarebis iseT motivebs, romelTa dakmayofileba fiziologiur moTxovnilebas warmoadgens. Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegad gamoikveTa mtknari wylis moxmarebis mravalferovani fiziologiuri/racionaluri motivebi.

- wyurvilis mokvla/gagrileba - kvlevis monawileebis mier mtknari wylis moxmarebis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan motivad wyurvilis mokvla da gagrileba saxeldeba. aRniSnuli motivi sabaziso fiziologiur moTxovnilebebis ricxvs miekuTvneba. wyurvilis mokvlis mizniT mtknari wylis moxmareba axlos dgas gagrilebis SegrZnebasTan. xSir SemTxvevaSi, momxmareblebi am or motivs erTmaneTTan kavSirSi ganixilaven.

- organizmSi wylis balansis aRdgena / organizmis dacva gadaxurebisgan - mtknari wylis moxmarebis sakmaod mniSvnelovan motivad saxeldeba organizmSi wylis balansis


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aRdgena, rac zafxulSi organizmis gadaxurebisgan dacvis aucilebel pirobad ganixileba.

- dakarguli energiis aRdgena - mtknari wylis moxmareba energiis Sevsebis, Zalebis aRdgenis saukeTeso saSualebaa. SegrZnebis doneze energiis miRebas ukavSirdeba aseve wyurvilis dakmayofileba da gagrileba. mtknari wylis aqtiuri momxmareblebis azriT, sicxeSi mtknari wylis miReba simxneves matebs organizms da adamians ufro sicocxlisunarians xdis.

- kanis sijansaRis SenarCuneba - mtknari wylis moxmareba kanis tenianobis SenarCunebisTvis sakmaod mniSvnelovnad miiCneva. aRniSnuli motiviT wylis moxmareba gansakuTrebiT qalbatonebisTvisaa aqtualuri. momxmarebeli qalbatonebis azriT, mtknari wylis sistmatiuri moxmareba kanis silamazis SenarCunebis winapirobaa.

- nivTierebaTa cvlis xelSewyoba/saWmlis ukeTesi moneleba - miiCneva, rom mtknari wylis moxmareba xels uwyobs nivTierebaTa cvlas. amitom mtknari wyali Warbi raodenobiT moixmareba dietis dros. dietis dros mtknari wylis moxmarebis kidev erTi motivi SimSilis grZnobis daqveiTebaa.

- zogadi janmrTelobis xelSewyoba - aRsaniSnavia, rommtknari wylis moxmareba xSirad xdeba ara fiziologiuri moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebis mizniT, aramed gamiznuladac. momxmareblebi, im motiviT, rom mtknari wyali janmrTelobisTvis sasargebloa, wyals wyurvilis grZnobis arqonis SemTxvevaSic iReben. zogadi janmrTelobis xelSewyobis mizniT aseve rig SemTxvevaSi mtknari wylis moxmareba uzmoze xdeba.

rac Seexeba mtknari wylis moxmarebis emociur motivebs, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom momxmareblebi wylis moxmarebas akavSireben iseT pozitiur ganwyobebTan, rogorebicaa, siamovnebis miReba, sixalise, stresis, nerviulobis moxsna / gantvirTva;aseve miiCneva, rom mtknari wylis moxmareba pozitiurad aisaxeba adamianis gonebriv saqmianobazec. mtknari wyali afxizlebs organizms da ufro produqtiuls xdis adamians.

aRsaniSnavia, rom konkretulad boTlis wylis moxmareba rogorc racionalur, ise emociur doneze usafrTxoebis gancdas ukavSirdeba. Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis


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momxmareblebs daculobis gancda aqvT, rodesac onkanis wyals boTlis wylis moxmarebiT anacvleben. zogadad, Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegebze dayrdnobiT, mtknari wylis moxmarebis motivebi SeiZleba ramodenime msxvil jgufad gaerTiandes, romelnic realurad samomxmareblo Rirebulebebs asaxaven da produqtis koncefciis sayrden RerZebad SeiZleba iyos gamoyenebuli.

Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegad gamovlinda mtknari wylis moxmarebis Semdegi motivaciur-RirebulebiTi xazebi/mimarTulebebi: mtknari wylis moxmareba axalgazrdobis SenarCunebis mizniT; mtknari wylis moxmareba energiis aRdgenis mizniT; mtknari wylis moxmareba silamazis SenarCunebis mizniT; mtknari wylis moxmareba janmrTelobis SenarCunebis mizniT;

marTalia, aRniSnuli samomxmareblo-Rirebulebebi mimarTulebebi erTmaneTs ar gamoricxaven da rig SemTxvevaSi kveTen erTmaneTs, Tumca romelime maTganis aqcentireba produqtis koncefciaSi produqtisTvis bazarze gamorCeuli niSis Seqmnis saSualeba SeiZleba iyos.

Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis moxmarebis situaciebi

Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegebi aCvenebs, rom mtknari boTlis wylis moxmarebis situaciebi sakmaod mravalferovania.

fokusur jgufebze gamoikveTa mtknari wylis moxmarebis Semdegi situaciebi:

– sakvebis miRebis dros; – fizikuri datvirTvis/varjiSis dros; – fizikuri datvirTvis/varjiSis Semdeg; – wamlis dalevis dros; – quCaSi (gansakuTrebiT intensiurad zafxulis periodSi); – Sexvedraze/prezentaciaze; – mecadineobis dros; – yavis an Cais momzadebis dros; – mgzavrobisas; – skolaSi/universitetSi; – mzeze yofnis dros (auzze, zRvis sanapiroze); – alkoholis miRebis dros; – alkoholis miRebis Semdeg;


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wylis brendis SerCeva Tvisebrivi kvlevis Sedegebis analizma gamoavlina, rom

Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis brendis SerCevis kriteriumebi TanxvedraSi modis xarisxiani mtknari wylis ganmsazRvrel kriteriumebTan. qvemoT ganxilulia Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis brendebis is maxasiaTeblebi, romelTa mixedviTac momxmareblebi ama Tu im brendze aCereben arCevans.

wylis warmoSobis adgili ama Tu im brendis SerCevis erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan

kriteriums mtknari wylis warmoSobis adgili warmoadgens. aRniSnuli kriteriumi erTis mxriv, mniSvnelovania imdenad, ramdenadac lokaciis mixedviT momxmareblebs SeuZliaT imsjelon wylis xarisxze. meores mxriv, kvlevis procesSi gamoikveTa, rom momxmareblebs konkretul lokaciebTan emociuri kavSiric SeiZleba iyos ama Tu im brendis SerCevis mizezi.

qarTuli wyali momxmareblebis garkveuli nawili amjobinebs qarTuli

wyali SeiZinos, rasac racionaluri argumentebis garda, patriotuli motivebi udevs safuZvlad. miiCneva, rom saqarTvelo ganTqmulia mtknari wylebis uxvi maragiT da zogadad, mtknari wylis maRali xarisxiT. amave dros, qarTuli warmoebis mtknari wylis SeZena da am gziT qarTuli produqciis realizaciis xelSewyoba garkveulwilad qarTvelebis ”movaleobadac” ganixileba.

gemo kvlevis monawileebi aRniSnaven, rom ama Tu im

Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis brendis moxmareba misi misaRebi gemuri TvisebebiTaa ganpirobebuli.

reklama ama Tu im mtknari wylis brendis SerCevis motivatorad

rig SemTxvevaSi brendis sakomunikacio aqtivobebi saxeldeba. aRsaniSnavia, rom aRniSnuli parametri yvelaze gamokveTilad dafiqsirda „bonaqvas“ SemTxvevaSi, romelic yvelaze gansxvavebuli saimijo maxasiaTeblebiT gamoirCeva bazarze. es faqti miuTiTebs imaze, rom ”bonaqvas” sakomunikacio aqtivobebs garkveulwilad aqvs gavlena momxmarebelTa aRqmaSi brendis imijis formirebaze da Sesabamisad, samomxmareblo qcevazec.


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SefuTva zogierTi brendis SerCevis mizezad misi SefuTva

dasaxelda. gansakuTrebiT yuradReba gamaxvilda sportul Tavsaxurze, romelic gansazRvrul situaciebSi (magaliTad, varjiSis dros) sakmaod komfortulad ganixileba. rig SemTxvevaSi, gadawyvetilebis miReba brendis SerCevisas boTlis vizualuri mimzidvelobis gamoc xdeba.

mwarmoebeli/kompaniis mimarT ndoba mtknari wylis brendis SerCeva aseve SeiZleba moxdes

mwarmoebeli kompaniis gamocdilebis da reputaciis gaTvaliswinebiT. ase magaliTad, ”borjomis wyaroebis” momxmareblebze sakmaod did gavlenas axdens kompania ”borjomis” bazarze arsebobis xangrZlivi periodi da misi saqmianobis warmatebuloba.

rekomendacia rig SemTxvevaSi, mtknari wylis brendis SerCeva xdeba ara

subieqturi faqtorebis gaTvaliswinebiT (magaliTad, produqtis maxasiaTeblebis mowoneba), aramed referentuli tipis rekomendaciis gavleniT. msgavs pirovnebebad saxeldeba megobari, axlobeli, zogierT SemTxvevaSi ki eqimi.

samomxmareblo qcevis analizi produqtSi CarTulobis perspeqtivaSi Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis samomxmareblo qceva SeiZleba gaanalizdes produqtSi CarTulobis xarisxis mixedviT.

produqtSi CarTuloba multidimensiuri konstruqtia da samomxmareblo qcevis kvlevaSi erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs.

gansxvavebulia momxmarebelTa qceva maRali produqtSi CarTulobis (High Product Involvement) da dabali produqtSi CarTulobis SemTxvevaSi (Low Product Involvement).

maRali produqtSi CarTulobis SemTxvevaSi: 1. momxmarebeli didi sifrTxiliT aanalizebs produqtze arsebul informacias; 2. momxmarebeli didxans fiqrobs produqtis yidvaze, radgan araswori produqtis yidvis riski maRalia; 3. momxmareblisTvis misaRebi brendebis raodenoba SezRudulia / mxolod SezRuduli raodenobis brendebia misaRebi;

dabali produqtSi CarTulobis SemTxvevaSi: 1. momxmareblis yidvis qceva xSirad garemo impulsebze

reaqciaa; 2. momxmarebeli did dros ar kargavs


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produqtis SerCevisas; 3. momxmareblisTvis misaRebia brendebis didi raodenoba;

produqtSi CarTulobis xarisxis Sefaseba SeiZleba moxdes 4 ganzomilebis mixedviT: 1. produqtis kategoriis mniSvnelovneba, 2. interesi produqtis mimarT, 3. araswori produqtis yidvis riski da 4. produqtis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebis motivacia.

zogadad, Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis samomxmareblo qcevisa da preferenciebis analizis Sedegad SeiZleba iTqvas, rom mtknari wylis SemTxvevaSi produqtSi CarTulobis xarisxi sakmaod dabalia. boTlis mtknari wyali, rogorc produqti, dabali produqtSi CarTulobis (Low Product

Involvement) kategorias SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT. Tu mtknari wylis yidvis qcevas produqtSi CarTulobis 4

ganzomilebis mixedviT Sevafasebs, davinaxavT, rom 1. zogadad, mtknari wylis kategoria, samomxmareblo TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelovnad ganixileba, Tumca 2. interesi produqtis sxvadasxva brendebis mimarT arc Tu ise maRalia. 3. bazarze brendebis aradiferencirebuli imijebis da warmodgenili produqtebis msgavsebis gamo (rasac bazarze arsebuli brendebis imijebis analizic aCvenebs, momxmarebels ar aqvs gancda, rom ama Tu im brendis arCevisas araswori produqti SeiZleba SearCios. aseve dabalia 4. produqtis Sesaxeb informaciis moZiebis motivacia - mtknari wylis momxmareblebi did interess ar gamoxataven produqtis Semadgenlobis mimarT. brendis/produqtis Sesaxeb amomwuravi informaciis moZieba ar ganixileba saWirod Camosasxmeli mtknari wylis SerCevisas.

zogadad, dabali CarTulobis produqtebis SemTxvevaSi, maSin rodesac momxmarebeli did yuradRebas ar amaxvilebs produqtis maxasiaTeblebze da arc did dros ar kargavs produqtis SerCevisas, ufro efeqtiania momxmareblis yuradRebis miqceva produqtis gansakuTrebuli prezentaciiT, imisTvis rom moxdes momxmareblis yuradRebis miqceva (iqidan gamomdinare, rom igi Tavisi iniciativiT ar xarjavs dros produqtis Sesaxeb informaciis moZiebaze). es ar niSnavs imas, rom ar aris saWiro momxmarebels miewodos informacia produqtis Sesaxeb. produqtis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba mniSvnelovania, Tumca, mxolod es informacia ver gaxdeba


64

yidvis qcevis draiveri da Sesabamisad, ar aris sakmarisi imisTvis, rom produqti momxmareblisTvis mimzidveli gaxdes.


1. Випперфюрт, А. (2008) Вовлечение в Бренд. Как заставить покупателя

работать на компанию,Россия, Питер; Коммерсантъ

2. Кон, A.(1999)Социологическая Психология.Россия, Москва; Воронеж

1999 3. Ляпоров, В. (2008)100% брэнд: как продавать счастье.Россия, Питер;

Питер

4. Лебедев-Любимов А. (2004) Психология Рекламы. Россия, Москва,

«Питер»

5. Майерс, Д. (2002) Социальная Психология. Россия, Москва, «Питер»

6. Раис,Л. (2004 )„22 Закона Создания Брэнда“. Россия, Москва; Москва

7. Теилор, Ш. Пипло Л. Сирс Д. (2002) Социальная Психология. Россия,

Москва, «Питер»

8. Тульчинский, Г. (2006)Бренд-Интегрированный Менеджмент.Россия,

Москва; Вершина

9. Kapferer, Jean-Noel. (2007) The New Strategic Brand Management. UK,

London, London and Sterling Kogan Page 10. Keller, K. (2008) Strategic Brand Management. USA, New Jersey; Pearson,

Prentice Hall

11. Mark, M. (2005) The Hero and the Outlaw- Building Extraordinary Brands

through the Power of Archetypes. USA, NY; MCGRAW HILL

12. Peters, T. (2001) The Brand You 50. USA, NY; MCGRAW HILL

13. Ramos, V. Jaccard, James, D. Gonzalez, P. (2000) Unified Theory of

Behavior. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey; Pearson, Prentice Hall

14. Stacks W. Don (2002) Primer of Public Relations Research. New York, The

Guilford Press

15. Vivian, J. (2005) The Media of Mass Communications. Boston,USA: Allyn

and Bacon 16. Wheeler, A. (2007) Designing Brand Identity. USA, NY; John Wiley & Sons,

Inc


65

Leli Bibilashvili

Brand, Customer Behaviour and Preferences

Summary

Qualitative research shows that consumption of fresh water, on the one hand, is physiological way to accommodate the needs of consumers, on the other hand it is

underlined as well by rational reasoning and it should be noted that the

consumption of fresh water frequently is the source of the emotional benefits. The

survey revealed that consumers are sensitive to the selection of the brand, namely

during the brand selection they consider following:

- Fresh water consumption in order to maintain the youth;

- To restore the energy;

- Fresh water consumption in order to maintain the beauty;

- Fresh water consumption in order to maintain healthю

In addition consumers outlined situation when fresh water consumption has

frequent character:

Still water consumption revealed the following situations: - Food-making process;

- Physical activity / exercise time;

- The medicine;

- On the street (especially intensively during the summer);

- Meeting / presentation;

- During studying;

- Coffee or tea at the time of preparation;

- Transport;

- School / university;

- When hot (at the pool, the beach);

- Drinking alcohol at the time; - After drinking alcohol.

However, the abovementioned data gives an opportunity and a ready blueprint

for determining a verbal and visual messages and thus for achieving relevant

consumer behavior at the same time.

Keywords: Brand, brand selection preferences, customer behavior, product

Involvement, motive.

Reviewer: Professor Maia Kavtarashvili, University of Georgia


66

Лели Бибилашвили

Бренд поведение и предпочтения клиентов

Резюме

Исследования показывают, что потребление воды, с одной стороны,

является физиологическим способом удовлетворения потребностей

потребителей, с другой стороны, а также подразумывает рациональными

рассуждения, и следует отметить, что потребление воды часто является

источником эмоциональных преимуществ. Исследование показало, что

потребители чувствительны к выбору бренда, а именно во время выбора

бренда они принимают во внимание следующее:

- потребление свежей воды, чтобы сохранить молодость;

- для восстановления энергии;

- потребление свежей воды для того, чтобы сохранить красоту;

- потребление свежей воды для поддержания здоровья;

- Кроме того, потребители, изложенные ситуации, когда потребление свежей воды часто имеет характер:

Тем не менее потребление воды выявлены следующие ситуации:

- В процессе принятия еды;

- Физическая активность / время упражнений;

- Медицина;

- На улице (особенно интенсивно в летний период);

- Конференц-зал / презентации;

- Во время учебы;

- Кофе или чай во время подготовки;

- Транспорт;

- Школа / университет; - У бассейна, на пляже;

- Во время употребление алкоголя;

- После употребления алкоголя.

Тем не менее, приведенные выше данные, дает возможность для

определения вербальных и визуальных сообщений и, следовательно, для

достижения соответствующего поведения потребителей в то же время.

Ключевые слова: Бренд, преференции выбора бренда, поведение

потребителя, вовлеченность в продукте, мотив.

Рецензент: профессор Майя Кавтарашвили, Университет Грузии


67

dariko xvedeliZe

sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris roli

ganaTlebis reformis procesSi

qarTul sinamdvileSi momxdarma politikurma cvlilebebma mTeli rigi sxva cvlilebebic moiTxova, maT Soris ganaTlebis sistemis reformac; ganaTlebis sistemis reorganizacia da misi Zireuli gardaqmnis aucilebloba dRis wesrigSi jer kidev sabWouri cxovrebis periodidan dadga. rogorc dRevandeli gadasaxedidan Cans, sazogadoebis ganviTarebis sabWourma, `damamuxruWebelma meqanizmma~ `skolac daaClunga~ da siaxleebis grZnobac dauClunga, `rac gansakuTrebiT gasuli saukunis 80-iani wlebidan ufro TvalSisacemi gaxda (4-8) . yoveli reforma, fsiqologiuri TvalsazrisiT, sazogadoebisTvis mtkivneuli procesia, misgan gamomdinare ekonomikuri danakargebiT. gamonaklisi arc ganaTlebis sistemaSi mimdinare procesebia. yvelas gvaxsovs sazogadoebis mxridan ra mRelvareba da miTqma-moTqma mohyva mas. amis mizezi, Cveni azriT sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxurebiT araefeqturi sargebloba unda yofiliyo. mag: vfiqrobT, rom iseTi RonisZiebebis umtkivneulod miReba, rogoric saqarTvelos skolebSi mandaturebis samsaxuris SemoReba, inglisurenovani pedagogebis mowveva da pedagogTa saserTifikacio gamocdebia, sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebis samsaxurebis efeqturi funqcionirebiT iyo SesaZlebeli da rac reformis Semdgomi RonisZiebebis gatarebisasac gasaTvaliswineblad migvaCnia. sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxuris erT-erTi funqciaa Zveli stereotipebis - adamianis cnobierebaSi gabatonebuli Sexedulebebis da warmodgenebis axali, Tanamedroveobis moTxovnebiT nakarnaxevi SexedulebebiT Secvlaa. Sesabamisad, sanam reformiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZieba amoqmeddeba, manam, sazogadoebis im nawilis informireba mainc unda moxdes, vinc am sferoTi uSualodaa dainteresebuli (Cvens SemTxvevaSi ganaTlebis sistemis muSakebi, moswavleTa mSoblebi). sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samsaxurma, reformiT gaTvaliswinebuli yoveli konkretuli RonisZiebebis dadebiTi mxareebis win wamoweviT, misadmi loialurad unda ganawyos


68

sazogadoeba, arc misi uaryofiTi mxare unda damalos, raTa miwodebulma informaciam ndoba moipovos da siaxlis danergvas, Tu sasurvels ara, misaRebs mainc gaxdis. sazoga-doebasTan urTierTobis specialistis saWiroebas ganaTlebis sistemaSi am dargis specialistebic miuTiTeben (4.30). sazogadoebrivi azris mimarT angariSis gawevis aseTi saWiroeba mxolod demokratiuli sazogadoebis dakveTa rodia. mas, rogorc fsiqologiuri gamokvlevebi adasturebs, maRali ekonomikuri efeqtic axlavs. amis gamo sazogadoe-basTan urTierTobis samsaxuri (rasac `sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis xelovnebasac~ uwodeben) saxelmwifo da kerZo organizacia-dawesebulebebidan dawyebuli calkeuli piro-vnebiT damTavrebuli, yvelasaTvis saWiroa. reformiT gaTvaliswinebul erT-erTi `mtkivneuli sakiTxi~ iyo skolebSi mandaturebis samsaxurebis SemoReba; sazogadoebis didi nawilisTvis sityva `mandaturic~ da misi funqciac gaugebari iyo; mcire nawilisTvis mxolod is iyo cnobili, rac qarTul sabWoTa enciklopediaSia mocemuli _ `mandaturTuxucesi, feodalur saqarTveloSi, i. javaxiSvilis azriT, zogierTi funqciiT bizantiuri `romis ligoTets~ anu saxelmwifo fostisa da mimosvlis ufross miagavda da igi diqtaturis, kontrolis, maiZulebeli rgolis funqciebTan asocirdeboda~; safiqrebelia, rom amis gamo ganicada skolis cxovrebiT dainteresebulma sazogadoebam am samsaxuris SemoReba mtkivneulad. amitom vfiqrobT, rom ganaTlebis reformiT gaTvaliswinebuli es siaxle sazogadoebrivi urTirTobebis samsaxurebis gansakuTrebul interess imsaxurebda da Sesabamis RonisZiebebs saWiroebda. am siaxlis danergva nakleb mtkivneuli iqneboda sazogadoebisaTvis mandaturT-samsaxurebis Sesaxeb miRebuli debuleba Tavis droze (siaxlis SemoRebamde) rom gaecnoT dainteresebuli sazogadoebisaTvis. mas Semdeg, rac gairkva, rom mandaturis samsaxuris SemoRebas swavlebisaTvis xelSewyobis funqcia ekisreba, rom man aRmofxvra maswavleblebisa da moswavleebis mier gakveTilebis masiuri gacdenebi, dagvianebebi, moswavleTa Soris Zaladobis SemTxvevebi, vnabaTaRelva dacxra da mandaturebi skolis organuli nawili gaxda. sazogadoebam winaswar arc is icoda mandaturebis mier movaleobebis Seusruleblobis an maT mier debulebiT gaTvaliswinebuli


69

uflebebis gadaWarbebis SemTxvevaSi pasuxismgebloba manda-turTsamsaxuris ufrosebs rom ekisrebodaT. yovelive es sazogadoebisaTvis winaswarve cnobili rom yofiliyo mraval gaugebrobas avicilebdiT Tavidan. vfiqrobT, rom am samsaxurebis SemoRebamde saWiro iyo zogadsaganmanaTleblo swavlebiT dainteresebul publikasTan Sexvedrebi da maTTvis saWiro informaciis miwodeba, rac xels Seuwyobda sazogadoebis mier reformiT gaTvali-swinebuli RonisZiebebis umtkivneulod miRebas, Zveli stereotipebis rRvevas da misi ufro meti warmatebiT funqcionirebas. Tavis droze aseve didi miTqma-moTqmisa da gansjis sagani gaxda saqarTveloSi inglisurenovani maswavleblebis Camoyvanac, aseve informaciis naklebobis gamo. arada programa _ `iswavle da aswavle saqarTvelosTan erTad~ skolaSi inglisuri enis swavlebas da adgilobrivi kvalificiuri kadrebis momzadebas iTvaliswinebs, risi winaaRmdegic dRes aRaravinaa. Tavdapirvelad am iniciativas prezidentis maRali Sefasebis miuxedavad, sazogadoebaSi gangaSi da azrTa sxvadasxvaoba mohyva; sazogadoebas eWvi gauCnda _ skolidan qarTveli ucxoenis maswavleblebis gandevna mohyvebao. Tumca, faqtiurad, inglisurenovani maswavleblebis etapobrivad Camosvlas saqarTveloSi, adgilobriv kadrebTan, moswavle-ebsa, maT mSoblebsa da sazogadoebasTan mSvidobiani TanamSromloba mohyva. pedagogTa serTificirebis sakiTxs xom `meored mosvlis efeqti~ hqonda. aq isev `reformis SiSis sindromi~ amoqmedda, ramac, rogorc wesi, Worebis agoreba gamoiwvia da rac informaciis deficits yovelTvis axlavs.

maSasadame ganaTlebis (ara marto ganaTlebis) reformi-sadmi uaryofiTi damokidebulebis mizezi, umetes SemTxvevaSi saqmis arsSi gauTviTcnobierebuli adamianebis siaxleebisadmi SiSia. mas Semdeg, rac misi mizezebi, miznebi da Sedegebi gairkveva, emociebi cxreba da procesi normalur mdgomareobas ubrundeba.

amas Cvens mier Catarebuli mini gamokvlevac adasturebs _ Tu reformis dasawyisSi mosalodneli cvlilebebi pedagogTa didma nawilma mtkivneulad ganicada, dRes isini enTuziazmiT emzadebian reformirebuli ganaTlebis sistemaSi CasarTvelad.


70

dasasruls SeiZleba iTqvas, rom sabWouri ganaTlebis sistemis mTavari nakli bavSvis individualobis, misi niWisa da SesaZleblobebis nivelireba iyo (albaT sabWouri ekonomikis CamorCena amanac ganapiroba) ris gamosworebasac Tanamedrove skolis reforma cdilobs. vfiqrobT, rom saWiro iyo zogadsaganmanaTleblo swavlebiT dainteresebul publikasTan Sexvedrebi da maTTvis saWiro informaciis miwodeba, rac xels Seuwyobda sazogadoebis mier reformiT gaTvaliswinebuli RonisZiebebis umtkivneulod miRebas, Zveli stereotipebis rRvevas da misi ufro meti warmatebiT funqcionirebas. Sesabamisad, Tanamedrove skolas da kerZod ganaTlebis sistemaSi mimdinare cvlilebebs sWirdeba sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis specialisti; maTze bevradaa damokidebuli sazogadoebasa da administracias Soris jansaRi urTierTo-bebi, raki amgvari urTierTobebi, nebismieri organizaciis efeqturi moRvaweobis safuZvelia.

igi azogadoebas im informaciiT uzrunvelyofs, rac maT swavlebis moZvelebuli sistemis naklovanebebSi, reformis procesSi mimdinare cvlilebebis da konkretuli RonisZiebebis aucileblobaSi daarwmunebs; maTzea damokidebuli rogor warmoadgens igi `Tavis mrevlis~ winaSe gasatarebeli reformis dadebiT mxareebs da mis SesaZlo Sedegebs. reforma erTjeradi aqcia araa; ganaTlebis procesi dinamiuria da igi Tanamedrove dakveTebis gaTvaliswinebiT mudmivad siaxleebs saWiroebs; am funqciis aRsruleba sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebis specialists SeuZlia, rac xels Seuwyobs cvlilebebis umtkivneulod miRebas, raTa sazogadoebaSi dainergos ndobis atmosfero da gverdSi amoudges skolis administracias reformis ganxorcielebis saqmeSi.


71


1. Wiaureli v., lominae s., strelkova r., sazogadoebasTan urTierTobebis ZiriTadi

principebi. teqnikuri universiteti, 2006.

2. sazogadoebasTan urTierTobis samagido enciklopedia. cotne, 2006. 3. uznaZe d., t. 6. saxelmwifo universitetis gamomcemloba, 1988.

4. Ciqvanaia l., niWis apologia. dia, 2002.

5. Почепцов Г.Г., Паблик рилейшнз для профессионалов, «Релф-бук», 2002.

6. Почепцов Г.Г., Паблик рилейшнз или как успешно управлят, М-Б 1998.

7. ПР – международная практика, М.1986.

8. Рюклер Х., Ваш тайное оружие в общении, М. 1996.

9. Соколов И., Технология популарности иди ПР, Минск, 1999.

Dariko Khvedelidze

The role of the service of Public Relations in the process of education

reform

Summary

Reorganization of the educational system and the needs fundamental

transformation agenda of the early soviet period come to life. Community

development “breaking mechanism” and blunted a new sense of the school as well.

The main defect of Soviet education system is the child’s individuality. His talent

and ability was leveling probably led the soviet economy had led to voter turn out)

the correction of the modern school reform efforts. But every reform is painful

process psychologically and accompanying economic losses. Exceptions to the current education system processes. Such activities without

pain at the invitation of teachers and teacher certification test, with the effective

functioning of the public relations departments were available.

Reform is not a single event, the education process is dynamic. And it was

ordered by the Constant need for innovation this function to be executed public

relations Specialist, which will contribute to Changes without pain. In order to

establish an atmosphere of trust and to amides school administration in

implementation of the reform process.

Keywords: service of Public Relations, reform, reorganization, fundamental

transformation.

Reviewer: Professor Roza Gaprindashvili, Georgian Technical University


72

Дарико Хведелидзе

Роль службы связи с общественностью в процессе реформы образования

Резюме

Вопрос реорганизации и фундаментальной перестройки образовательной

системы встал на повестке дня еще в советский период. Застойное

общественное развитие способствовало притуплению чувства новаций и

вызвало ?отупение школы?. Это особенно ярко проявилось в 80-е годы

прошлого столетия. Можно сказать, что основным недостатком советской образовательной

системы было нивелирование детской индивидуальности, таланта и

способностей, что в свою очередь предопределило отставание советской

экономики. Исправление данного положения является целью современной

реформы системы образования. Но каждая реформа - болезненный процесс в

психологическом отношении и сопровождается экономическими потерями.

Реформа не разовая акция. Образовательный процесс динамичен и

нуждается в постоянных новациях связанных с духом времени. Специалист

по связям с общественностью может способствовать, чтобы общество

безболезненно восприняло реформу, утверждению атмосферы доверия и

помочь школьной администрации в деле осуществления реформы.

Ключевые слова: служба связи с общественностью, реформа,

реорганизация, фундаментальная перестройка.

Рецензент: профессор Роза Гаприндашвили . Грузинский технический университет


73

p r a q t i k a mariam vardiaSvili

rogor mivuTiToT gamoyenebuli wyaroebi samecniero

naSromSi?

samecniero kvleviTi naSromi aucileblad moiTxovs wyaroebis damowmebasa da saTanado wesiT miTiTebas. wyaroebi, romlebsac mecnieri kvleviTi xasiaTis naSromSi iyenebs, samgvaria _ pirveladi, meoreuli da mesameuli. pirveladi wyaroebi aris is werilobiTi Tu sxva saxis informacia (monacemebi), romlebsac uSualod exeba kvleva. meoreuli wyaroa sakvlevi Temis garSemo arsebuli naSromebi, romlebic sxva mecnierebsa da mkvlevrebs ekuTvnis. mesameuli wyaroebi ki ajameben, an ganmartaven kvlevis Sedegebs romelime sferoSi da popularulad gadmoscemen maT. am saxis wyaroebi gankuTvnilia araspecialisti mkiTxvelisTvis, an imaTTvis, vinc samecniero Sromis dasawyis etapze imyofeba da jer zogadi suraTis warmosaxva esaWiroeba. mesameuli wyaroebi sakiTxis ufro Rrmad Seswavlis mizniT ar gamoiyeneba.

wyaros miTiTebas uwodeben agreTve dokumentirebas (ing. referencing, citing, documenting). wyaros miTiTebis dros sistematurad uCveneT, ra ideebis citirebas an perifrazirebas axdenT naSromSi da saidan mogaqvT. miTiTeba unda iyos iseTi, rom mkiTxvelma advilad moZebnos Tqven mier damowmebuli wyaro, romlis miTiTebis gareSe verc Tqven da verc sxva romelime mecnieri ver Seiqmnis srul warmodgenas ama Tu im dargSi dagrovili codnis Sesaxeb. Tu ar miuTiTebT moyvanili informaciis wyaros, bunebrivia, daibadeba eWvi misi sarwmunoobis Sesaxeb.

arsebobs miTiTebis sxvadasxva wesi, romlebic dasavlur samecniero sferoSi ukve Camoyalibebulia, rogorc universaluri sistemebi. sxvadasxva samecniero sferoSi sxvadasxva sistemaa _ miTiTebis sxvadasxva stilia miRebuli. mag., humanitarul sferoSi miTiTebis wess ewodeba MLA-stili. istoriaSi _ `Cikagos~ stili, socialur mecnierebebSi _ APA -

stili. samecniero Jurnals an gamomcemlobas, SesaZloa, miTiTebis wesSi dadgenili hqondes mcire niuansuri Tavisebure-bebi. rogoric ar unda iyos wyaroebis damowmebis stili, is


74

Sedgeba ori ZiriTadi nawilisgan. es aris Sida teqsturi miTiTeba da sruli bibliografiuli informacia.

Sida teqsturi miTiTeba aris iseTi niSani, romelic moTavsebulia samecniero naSromis teqstSi, raTa aCvenos, rom masSi arsebuli romeliRac informacia ekuTvnis sxva avtors. Sida teqsturi miTiTeba yvela SemTxvevaSi aris mokle. es xdeba imitom, rom is CarTulia naSromSi da man rac SeiZleba naklebad unda daarRvios teqstis mTlianoba. Sida teqsturi miTiTeba gamoxateT ricxviT, an avtoris dasaxelebiT (frCxilebSi). avtoris gvarTan erTad SegiZliaT miuTiToT wignis gamocemis weli an misaTiTebeli gverdis nomeri.

Sida teqsturi miTiTebebi mkiTxvels sWirdeba imisTvis, rom naxos sruli bibliografiuli informacia, rac niSnavs cnobas imis Sesaxeb, Tu sad, rodis da romeli gamomcemlobis mieraa wigni gamoqveynebuli. es informacia moaTavseT gverdis qveda nawilSi (sqolio), an statiis, sadisertacio naSromis, anda wignis bolos. Tu Sida teqstur miTiTebebs numeraciis sistemiT SeasrulebT, maSin bibliografiuli informaciac amave numeraciiT warmoadgineT. Tu Sida teqstur miTiTebebSi avtoris gvaria miniSnebuli, maSin bibliografiul informaciaSi literatura daalageT anbanuri TanamimdevrobiT, avtoris gvaris dasawyisi asos mixedviT (leqsikonis principi). es aucilebelia imisTvis, rom mkiTxvelma iolad ipovos miTiTebuli wyaroebi.

Sida teqsturi miTiTeba danomreT maSinac, roca gindaT, rom Tqvens nawers axldes SeniSvnebi. SeniSvnebi ganaTavseT wignis an statiis bolos. masSi SegiZliaTYmiuTiToT wyaros bibliografiuli informacia, an mxolod avtoris gvari da gamocemis weli. garda amisa, SeniSvnaSi SegiZliaT moaTavsoT komentari an damatebiTi informacia, romelic ZiriTad teqstSi uadgilod mogeCvenebaT, magram misi mkiTvelisTvis miwodeba saWirod migaCniaT. SegiZliaT wigns SeniSvnebi yoveli Tavis bolos gaukeToT. TiToeul maTgans unda hqondes is nomeri, romelic miTiTebulia teqstSi. rogorc wesi, SeniSvnebis numeracia yoveli momdevno Tavidan xelaxla unda daiwyoT (wignis SemTxvevaSi). Tu naSroms darTuli aqvs SeniSvnebi, maSin bibliografia, yovelgvari numeraciis gareSe, naSromis bolos anbanis mixedviT daalageT.

zogjer xdeba miTiTebis ori sxvadasxva sistemis Sereva. daimaxsovreT, rom Tu Sida teqstur miTiTebaSi gaqvT gvari


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da weli, bibliografiaSi wyaroebi cifrebis mixedviT ar CamoweroT, radganac mkiTxveli wyaros Zebnas avtoris gvaris mixedviT daiwyebs. aseve, Tu Sida teqsturi miTiTebebi nomrebis mixedviT gaqvT miniSnebuli, bibliografiuli wyaroebi nomrebiT unda CamoweroT da ara anbanuri principiT, radganac Tqveni mkiTxveli aseT SemTxvevaSi nomrebs dauwyebs Zebnas.

Tu wigns an statias ori avtori hyavs, Sida teqstur miTiTebaSi moixseneT orive, magram Tu naSroms orze meti avtori hyavs, daasaxeleT mTavari (pirveli) avtori da Semdeg miawereT et al (sityvasityviT niSnavs `da sxvebi~). miTiTebis dros ar SecvaloT gvarebis Tanamimdevroba, radganac mTavari avtori wignis garekanze pirvel nomrad weria.

wigni SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva statiis krebuli an saxelmZRvanelo, romlis avtorebi ar Canan garekanze. aseT SemTxvevaSi unda miuTiToT is organizacia, romlis avtorobiTac gamovida wigni (mag., saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademia, saqarTvelos saxelmwifo universiteti). Tu arc organizaciis saxeli figurirebs wignis avtorad, maSin saTauri unda miuTiToT. igive exeba internetSi mopovebul onlainmasalas.

wyaro unda miuTiToT dadgenili wesis mixedviT, romelic gavrcelebulia im sferoSi, romelSic muSaobT. zogjer xdeba ise, rom iyenebT erTi avtoris ideebs, magram sargeblobT ara am avtoris, aramed sxva meore avtoris naSromiT. SeecadeT, rom ipovoT pirveli avtoris naSromi da is miuTiToT. magram SeiZleba arsebuli naSromi TqvenTvis miuwvdomeli iyos, aseT SemTxvevaSi miuTiTeT meore avtori da TqviT, rom Tqven mier gamoyenebuli masala sxva avtors ekuTvnis, magram miTiTebulia meoreuli wyarodan.

bibliografiuli informaciis dabeWdvis MLA stili

_ bibliografia daiwyeT axali gverdidan (ar gaagrZeloT imave gverdidan, sadac dasrulda Tqveni ese). saTauri dabeWdeT striqonis SuaSi. es saTauri iqneba bibliografia, an gamoyenebuli literatura, an gamoyenebuli wyaroebi da literatura;

_ literatura anbanze daalageT avtoris, gamomcemlis an saTauris mixedviT;


76

_ pirveli striqoni dawereT marcxena kideze, xolo Semdegi _ xuTi pauziT (erTi abzaciT) Seweuli;

_ striqonebi unda daweroT ormagi intervaliT; _ vebgverdis misamarTi meore striqonze unda gadaitanoT

/ niSnis Semdeg (damatebiTi gadatanis niSnis darTvis gareSe); _ gvari da saxeli akrifeT Cveulebrivi SriftiT.

naSromis saTauri _ xazgasmuliT, gamocemis adgili da weli _ Cveulebrivi SriftiT;

_ Tu statia moTavsebulia krebulSi, jer dawerT statiis avtoris gvars, mere naSromis saTaurs brWyalebSi, Semdeg sityvas `krebulSi~ da krebulis saTaurs xazgasmuli SriftiT;

_ Tu naSromi moTavsebulia konferenciis an kongresis masalaSi, dawereT jer moxsenebis avtori, Semdeg saTauri brWyalebSi, mere kongresis dasaxeleba, misi gamarTvis TariRi da adgili xazgasmuli SriftiT, bolos ki masalis gamocemis adgili da weli Cveulebrivi SriftiT;

_ Tu statia JurnalSia, dawereT avtori Cveulebrivi SriftiT, naSromis saTauri brWyalebSi, Jurnalis dasaxeleba xazgasmuli SriftiT, Jurnalis nomeri, gamocemis adgili da dro Cveulebrivi SriftiT.

bibliografiuli informaciis dabeWdvis `Cikagos~ stili

istoriasa da zogierT humanitarul dargSi SesaZlebelia `Cikagos~ stilis gamoyeneba, rac gulisxmobs danomrili sqolioebis (imave gverdze an statiis bolos) xmarebas. aseT sqolioebSi Tavsdeba SeniSvnebi. boloSi aucilebelia gamoyenebuli literaturis siis (bibliografiis) darTva.

`Cikagos~ stilis mixedviT: _ sqolioSi werT nomers, bibliografiaSi _ ara; _ sqolios iwyebT avtoris saxeliT, Semdeg gvars werT,

bibliografiaSi piriqiT _ jer gvari, Semdeg mZime, bolos saxeli;

_ naSromis saTauri gansxvavebuli SriftiT dawereT (italikiT _ daxriliT);

_ bibliografiuli erTeulis SigniT, striqonebs Soris, intervali unda iyos erTi an erT-naxevari. ori intervaliT erTmaneTisgan gamoyaviT bibliografiuli erTeulebi;


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_ roca sqolioSi wyaros pirvelad asaxelebT, mas unda axldes sagamomcemlo informacia da gverdis miTiTeba;

_ Tu imave wyaros Semdeg sqolioSic uTiTebT, unda daweroT mxolod avtoris gvari, Semoklebuli saTauri da gverdis nomeri;

_ roca erTsa da imave wyaros miyolebiT asaxelebT, SegiZliaT daweroT `iqve~, an laTinurad `ibid~ da miuTiToT gverdis nomeri;

_ bibliografiul miTiTebaSi SeiZleba daasaxeloT is literaturac, romelic uSualod ar aris miTiTebuli sqolioSi, magram sakvlev TemasTan aqvs kavSirSi.

amrigad, samecniero naSromSi aucileblad unda iyos miTiTebuli gamoyenebuli wyaroebi, radganac mkiTxveli mis gareSe ver Seiqmnis srul warmodgenas Tqvens kvlevaze. statiaSi SemoTavazebuli msoflioSi ukve kargad damkvidrebuli wyaroTa miTiTebis universaluri sistemebi da meToduri rCevebi aucileblad dagexmarebaT gamoyenebuli wyaroebis dokumentirebaSi (miTiTebaSi). literatura References:

1. Wayne C. Booth, G. Golomb, Joseph M. Williams / The Craft of Research.

Chicago&London. The University of Chicago Press, 1995. 2. The Bedford Handbook, 5th ed. Diana Hacker, Boston; Bedford, 1998.

3. The Chicago Manual of Style 14th ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press,

1993.


78

Mariam Vardiashvili

How to indicate the cited sources in the scientific paper

Summary

Scientific paper necessarily requires its substantiation by means of cited

sources and their indication in the appropriate order. The indication should be such

as reader could easily find the reliable source, indicated by you. Without it neither

you, nor any other scientist will not be able to get a complete idea on knowledge

accumulated in one or another field. At the same time, the certain doubt will arise

in the realiability of quoted information, unless you don’t indicate its source.

Universal systems of sources indication offered in this paper, that are

established in the western academic field, as well as methodological advices will

assist the newcomer researcher in documenting (citing) of sources indicated in the

scientific paper.

Keywords: scientific paper, cited sources, reliable source, universal systems of

sources.

Reviewer: Professor Ketevan Giorgobiani, Georgian Technical University

Мариам Вардиашвили

Как указывать использованные источники в научном труде?

Резюме

Научный труд обязательно требует подтверждения в виде

использованных источников и их указания в соответствующем порядке.

Указание должно быть таким, чтобы читатель смог легко найти указанный вами достоверный источник, без которого ни вы, ни любой другой ученый не

сможет составить полное представление о знаниях, накопленных в той или

иной области. В то же время, если вы не укажете источник приведенной

информации, естественно возникнет сомнение в его достоверности.

Предложенные в статье универсальные системы указания источников,

сформировавшиеся в западной научной сфере, а также методические советы

помогут начинающему исследователю в документировании (указании)

использованных в научном труде источников.

Ключевые слова: научный труд, использованные источники, достоверный

источник, универсальные системы указания источников.

Рецензент: профессор Кетеван Гиорговиани . Грузинский технический

университет


79

Tamar TvalWreliZe

gunduri muSaobis universalur principebze gadasvlis gzebi

“zogadad cnobili imis gamo, rom cnobilia, jer kidev ar niSnavs, rom is gacnobierebulia”. georg vilhelm fridrix hegelis es sityvebi, zustad asaxavs im mdgomareobas, rac arsebobs dRevandel saqarTveloSi gundTan da gundur muSaobasTan dakavSirebiT. Zalian bevri saubrobs imis Sesaxeb, rom gundi da gunduri muSaoba kargia, magram realurad cota maTgans Tu aqvs gacnobierebuli gunduri muSaobis mniSvneloba. Cveni amocanaa, gavacnoT mkiTxvels gundis, gunduri muSaobis upiratesobebi da naklovanebebi. saqarTvelo ganviTarebuli qveynebis magaliTze nel-nela gadadis adamianuri resursebis marTvis xisti stilidan HR-is rbil stilze, sadac aSkara xdeba gunduri muSaobis danergvis aucilebloba. da mainc ra aris gundi, SeiZleba Tu ara, rom adamianTa nebismier simravles ewodos gundi? rasakvirvelia ara. ra aris gundi, ra iseTi gansakuTrebuli niSan-TvisebebiT xasiaTdeba, romelic saqmis warmatebul dasrulebas uzrunvelyofs? saukuneTa manZilze damuSavebul, ucxoel mecnierTa da eqpertTa kvlevebs Tu daveyrdnobiT, Cven SevZlebT ganvmartoT gundi. gundi aris adamianTa iseTi erToba, romlebic iziareben erTsa da imave miznebs, miznis misaRwevad axdenen Sromis koordinacias, sadac maRalia ndobis faqtori da sadac warmateba erToblivi SromiT miiRweva. gundi adamianebis ubralo nakrebi ki ar aris, aramed es organizaciaa Tavisi moqmedi ZalebiT, TvisebebiTa da wesebiT.

aRniSnuli cneba Cvens qveyanaSi saTanadod ver aris gagebuli. xSir SemTxvevaSi mas aigiveben jgufTan da adgili aqvs mis araswor interpretacias. gundis yovelma wevrma kargad icis, rom is, rasac isini akeTeben, Zalian mniSvnelovani da Rirebulia adamianebisTvis, visTvisac akeTeben da maT mier daSvebulma sul mcire Secdomamac ki SesaZloa Zalian daazaralos saqme, romelsac isini akeTeben. amis SegrZneba exmareba gundis wevrebs maqsimaluri mondomebiT, dakvirvebiT akeTon yoveldRiuri saqme. iyon mobilizebulebi da srulad CarTulebi sul mcire niuansebis donezec ki, gundis TiToeuli wevri mzrunvelobis qveSaa, mas exmarebian da gverdze udganan gundis danarCeni


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wevrebi. warmateba, an warumatebloba ganicdeba gundis yvela wevris mier da ara erTi pirovnebis mier. vinaidan warumatebloba ar braldeba gundis calkeul wevrs, isini ufro gabedulad iyeneben sxvadasxva axal SesaZleblobebs, rac maTi saqmianobis Sedegs TiTqmis yovelTvis idealurs xdis. garda amisa, gunduri muSaoba maqsimalurad anviTarebs organizaciis adamianur resursebs. wevrebi xels uwyoben erTmaneTis pirovnul zrdasa da warmatebas. gundi aRemateba jgufs, xolo gunduri muSaobis Sedegebi aRemateba TiToeuli misi wevrisgan mosalodneli Sedegebis martiv jams; gunds sinergiuli efeqti gaaCnia anu, erTs plius erTi aris gacilebiT ufro meti, vidre ori. gundis wevrebi TanamSromloben ara mxolod dasaxuli amocanebis farglebSi, armed inawileben menejmentis iseT funqciebsac rogorebicaa dagegmva, organizeba, gundis muSaobis Sefaseba, cvlilebebis marTvis sakuTari strategiebis SemuSaveba da sakuTari resursebis uzrunvelyofa. rogorc ukve avRniSneT, gundi aRemateba jgufs, axla ki ganvixiloT gansxvavebebi gundsa da jgufs Soris: jgufis wevrisTvis Tavisi piradi interesi ufro mniSvnelovania, vidre organizaciis, gundSi ki organizaciisa da piradi interesebi erTmaneTs emTxveva; jgufis struqtura mkacr ierarqiul principzea dafuZnebuli, gundSi xisti ierarqiuli struqtura ar arsebobs; jgufSi individualuri pasuxismgebloba, gundSi - korporaciuli pasuxismgebloba; jgufSi urTierTobis maqsimumi TanamSromlobaa, gundi moqmedebs sinergiis principiT; jgufSi iniciativebi SezRudulia, gundSi iniciativebi waxalisebulia; jgufSi xelmZRvanels mihyvebian imitom rom maT es evalebaT, gundSi aRiareben da endobian liders da xalisiT mihyvebian; jgufis upirvelesi amocanaa efeqturad iaros miTiTebuli mimarTulebiT, gundis prioritetia daxatos swori mimarTuleba; jgufi muSaobs arsebuli paradigmis farglebSi, gundi qmnis axal paradigmas; jgufi muSaobs sistemaSi, xolo gundi muSaobs sistemaze. 1961 wels takmenis mier SemuSavebul iqna umTavresi Teoria gundis Seqmnis Sesaxeb, romelic Sedgeba Semdegi etapebisagan:

- formireba-Seqmna; - Segueba-adaptacia;


81

- Seteva-aqtiuri qmedebebi; - Sesruleba-srulyofa.

Camoyalibebuli gundis saxe:

organizaciis wevrma zustad icis, risi miRweva surs organizacias (organizaciis mizani);

icis ara mxolod is, Tu ras akeTeben, aramed isic, Tu rogor akeTeben;

metia ndobis xarisxi, koordinacia, Sesrulebis valdebulebis SegrZneba;

Sinagani sicxade da gamWvirvaloba, gunduri angariSvaldebuleba da ara xelisuflebis direqtivebiT daregulirebuli urTierTobebi;

gamarTuli da mkafiod Camoyalibebuli Sromis ganawilebis principebi;

kargi samuSao urTierTobebi wevrebs Soris, romelic sulac ar gulisxmobs megobrobas;

Sesrulebuli samuSaos maRali xarisxi;

moqniloba da cvlilebebis SeTviseba;

organizaciaSi arsebuli sasiamovno garemo;

pirovnebisa da organizaciis interesebis Tanxvedra;

maRali pasuxismgebloba da Sedegebze orientireba;

TanamonawileobiTi lideroba;

Tanmimdevruli da etapobrivi moZraoba erTi gamarjvebidan meorisaken;

gansazRvrulia mosalodneli winaaRmdegobebi da dasaxulia maTi gadalaxvis gzebi gunds da gundur muSaobas gaaCnia garkveuli naklovanebebic, romelTa aRmofxvraze Cven yovelTvis unda vmuSaoT: esenia – araefeqtianoba, romelic TviT warmatebul gundebsac ki emuqreba, romlebic xSirad aucilebelze met dros uTmoben xolme gadawyvetilebis miRebasa da maT ganxorcielebasac. araefeqtianobis SesaZlo mizezad SeiZleba iqces gundis Sida politika, metismetad didi mniSvnelobis miniWeba konsesusisaTvis da wevrTa metismeti gaSinaureba erTmaneTTan; jgufuri azrovneba – es maSin iCens Tavs, rodesac erTi wevri ver axerxebs sxvebis darwmunebas sakuTari ideis sisworeSi da gadawyvetilebac araswori

miiReba xolme; individualuri motivaciis daqveiTeba –


82

gunduri erTsulovnebisa da individualuri motivaciis urTierTSexameba gunduri TamaSis mudmivi Tavsatexia. sakuTari wvlilis miCqmalvis saWiroebis gamo iklebs piradi iniciativis stimuli da gundis wevrebs gansakuTrebuli Tavgamodebis survilic uneldebaT.

struqturuli ryevebi. gundi SeiZleba imdenad gavlenian erTeulad iqces organizaciul struqturaSi, rom konkurenciac ki gauwios ukve Camoyalibebul ierarqiul jaWvs da faqtiurad, erTgvar matricadac ki iqces arsebul organizmSi.

gadatvirTva. gunduri TamaSi garkveul xarks moiTxovs: roca pasuxismgebloba saerToa, da ufro metic, vidre erTi TanamSromlis mier raime saqmis Sesrulebisas, SesaZloa, droc da energiac meti daixarjos da gundis wevrebic, ubralod, gadaitvirTon.

gunduri konfliqtis mizezebi: calkeul individebs SeiZleba metoqeobis gancda

gauCndeT mwiri an Sekvecili resursebis gamo – rogoricaa fuli, informacia Tu aparatura;

wevrebi SesaZloa ver Tanxmdebodnen, ra konkretul saqmeze vinaa pasuxismgebeli da am tipis uTanxmoebis mizezi, Cveulebriv, cudad gadanawilebuli pasuxismgeblobebi da saqmianobis aramkafiod gansazRvruli farglebia.

cudma urTierTgagebam SeiZleba gaugebrobebi gamoiwvios an Tavad gundis wevrebs Soris, an sxva gundebTan. amas SeiZleba daematos informaciis ganzrax dafarva, rac damatebiTi undoblobis safuZveli xdeba xolme.

Sexla-Semoxla SeiZleba gamoiwvios Zireulma gansxvavebebma Rirebulebebis, midgomebisa Tu ubralod, pirovnuli Tvisebebidan gamomdinare.

ZalauflebisaTvis brZola SeiZleba gaCndes, roca gundis erTi nawili meoris uflebamosilebas ar aRiarebs an roca adamianebi an gundebi, visac SezRuduli uflebamosileba aqvT, meti Zalauflebisa da gavlenis mopovebas cdiloben. gundSi arsebuli konfliqtis wyaroebi SeiZleba iyos: pirovnuli sxvaoba, informaciis nakleboba, rolebisa da funqciebis SeuTavsebloba, garemodan gamowveuli stresi. am wyaroebs gamocdilma liderma unda daupirispiros konfliqtis mogvarebis erT-erTi saSualebaTagani:


83

Zalmomreoba, daTmoba, Tavis arideba, kompromisi, TanamSromloba. gundSi yvelaze efeqturi saSualeba ki es ukanasknelia.

gundi aRemateba jgufs, gunduri muSaobis Sedegebi aRemateba individualuri muSaobis Sedegebs. literatura References: 1. P. F. Drucker – Management Challenges for the 21st century (1999)

COLLINS BUSINESS, An Imprint of HarpeCollins Publishers. გვ. 199.

2. Stephen R. Covey. First Things First; (To Live, to Lave, to Learn, to Leave a

legacy) STEPHEN R. COVEY A. ROGER MERRILL REBECCA R. MERRILL A Fireside Book Published by SIMON & SCHUSTER New York London Toronto

Sydney Tokyo Singapore p. 361.

3. Sean Covey. ‘’The 7 Habits of Highly Effective Teens’’ the natural bestseller,

over 1,500,000 copies sold. Jack Canfield and Kimberly Kirberger, coauthors of

Chicken Soup for the Teenage Soul. FIRESIDE Rockfeller Center. New York.

Copyright in 1998 by Franklin Covey, p. 268.

4. Stephen R. Covey. The 8th Habit; (From Effectiveness to Greatness) FREE

PRESS. New York London Toronto Sydney გვ. 409.

5. Douglas Mcgregor “The human side of enterprise annotated edition”

UPDATED AND WITH A NEW COMMENTARY BY JOEL CUTCHER-GERSHENFELD McGraw-Hill New York; Chicago; San Francisco; Lisbon;

London; Madrid; Mexico; City Milan; New Delhi; San Juan; Seoul; Singapore;

Sydney; Toronto. გვ. 403.

6. Donald G. Krause. “The way of the leader” Applyng the Principles of Sun

Tzu and Confucius – Ancient Strategies for the Modern Business World. p. 176.

7. Gary Yukl. Leadershi in organizations. University at albany; State University

of New York. p. 542.


84

Tamar Tvalchrelidze

The ways of transition to universal principles of Team Work

Summary

In today’s world, in organizations, the teamwork is one of the best ways to

have a success. Each individual is a member of a team, either in work or social

service. Thus, it’s necessary to know how to become effective team members or

leaders, in order to achieve success. It shouldn’t be confused with each other that a

combination of two or more people don’t make a team. In order to achieve

effective functioning of a team, it must go through the stages of development, must

be staffed with appropriate people, where every member is aware of their

responsibilities and duties.

We should remember that a team is the unity of the people who serve the

same purpose, coordinate their efforts to achieve goal, have a high degree of confidence, Inner clarity and transparency, team accountability and not supervising

regulated relations with directives.

A team is not a simple combination of people, this is an organization with its

forces, properties, rules.

Team elements: Clearly established principles of labor distribution. Good

working relations between team members, not based on friendship. High quality

work done. Flexibility and changes in utilization. Pleasant environment in the

organization. The coincidence of interests between individual and organization.

Participatory leadership. Gradual movement from one successive victory to

another. Determinations of the possible risks and ways of overcoming.

Keywords: Team, group, team work, universal principles, responsibilities.

Reviewer: Ph. D. Otar Bagaturia, Georgian Technical University


85

Тамара Твалчрелидзе

Пути перехода на универсальные принципы командной работы

Резюме

В современном мире командная работа в организаций является одним из

средств достижения успеха. Для достижения успеха необходимо знать как

стать членом и лидером эффективной команды поскольку каждый человек

является членом какой-то команды на работе или в обществе. Не следует

заблуждаться, что совместно работающие двое или более людей это команда.

Для достижения эффективного функционирования команда формируется

поэтапно, комплектуется из подходящих людей, каждый из которых точно

знает свои обязательства и сферу ответственности.

Надо помнить, что команда такое единство, члены которого разделяют цели,

для достижения которых координируют труд, обладают высокой степенью

взаимного доверия, внутренней ясностью и прозрачностью, горизонтальной

взаимной отчетностью в место вертикальной подотчетности. Команда это не просто собрание но едины организм со своим характером и

нравом.

Элементы команды:

Четко определенные принципы разделения труда;

Хорошие взаимоотношения между членами, которые однако отнюдь

не подразумевают дружбу;

Высокое качество выполненных работ;

Гибкость и открытость к изменениям;

Приятны климат в организаций;

Совпадение частных и общих интересов;

Соучастие в лидерстве;

Последовательное и постепенное движение от одного успеха к

другому;

Определены возможные препятствия и обозначены пути для

преодоления их

Ключевые слова: команда, группа, командная работа, универсальные

принципы, ответственность.

Рецензент: Ph.D. Отар Багатурия. Грузинский технический университет.


86

CONTENTS

THEORY

Pavle Asatiani

Computing Introduction in the Information and Communication Technology Business Engineering--------------------------------------------5

Giorgi Aladashvili

The analysis of modern political process on an example of Georgia---10

HISTORY

Emzar Khvichia

Ethnic group "Somekhi" as one of the external manifestations

of hidden belonging to the Georgian nation--------------------------------16

ECONOMICS

Genadi Iashvili, Ketevan Betlemidze

Government and Small Business--------------------------------------------32

LAW

Sofia Dogonadze

Conflict in Abkhazia, Georgia - and Dynamics of the Peace Process--39

SOCIETY

Liana Gedevanishvili The significance and role of constructivistic approach in the

course of foreign languages study-------------------------------------------51

Leli Bibilashvili

Brand, Customer Behaviour and Preferences------------------------------56

Dariko Khvedelidze

The role of the service of Public Relations in the process

of education reform------------------------------------------------------------65


87

PRACTICE

Mariam Vardiashvili

How to indicate the cited sources in the scientific paper ----------------71

Tamar Tvalchrelidze The ways of transition to universal principles of Team Work-----------77


88

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

ТЕОРИЯ


Начала компьютинга в бизнес инженерии информационных и

коммуникационных технологий-------------------------------------------5

Георгий Аладашвили

Анализ современного политического процесса на примере Грузии-----------------------------------------------------------10

ИСТОРИЯ


Этнос под именем «Сомехи» как один из внешних

проявлений скрытой принадлежности к Грузинской наций------16

ЭКОНОМИКА

Геннадий Яшвили, Кетеван Бетлемидзе Правительство и Малый Бизнес-------------------------------------------32

ПРАВО


Конфликт в Абхазии, Грузия – динамика мирного процесса-------39

ОБЩЕСТВО

Лиана Гедеванишвили

Значение и роль конструктивистского подхода в процессе изучения иностранных языков---------------------------------------------51

Лели Бибилашвили

Бренд поведение и предпочтения клиентов-----------------------------56

Дарико Хведелидзе

Роль службы связи с общественностью в процессе

реформы образования--------------------------------------------------------65


89

ПРАКТИКА


Как указывать использованные источники в научном труде?------71

Тамара Твалчрелидзе Пути перехода на универсальные принципы командной

работы---------------------------------------------------------------------------77


90

avtorebi

pavle asaTiani

`informaciis da komunikaciis teqnologiis~ dargSi pirveli saerTaSoriso kategoriis mecnieri, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori

giorgi aladaSvili saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis doqtoranti

qeTevan beTlemiZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis doqtoranti

leli bibilaSvili saqarTvelos universitetis profesori

sofio doRonaZe

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis doqtoranti

mariam vardiaSvili

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori

liana gedevaniSvili saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis doqtoranti

Tamar TvalWreliZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis magistranti

genadi iaSvili saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori

dariko xvedeliZe

saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis doqtoranti

emzar xviCia saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis doqtoranti


91

Authors

Pavle Asatiani

Scientist of the First International Category

in “Information and Communication

Technology”, Professor of Georgian

Technical University

Giorgi Aladashvili

Doctoral Candidate, Georgian Technical University

Ketevan Betlemidze Doctoral Candidate, Georgian Technical

University

Leli Bibilashvili Professor at University of Georgia

Sofia Dogonadze

Doctoral Candidate, Georgian Technical

University

Genadi Iashvili Professor of Georgian Technical University

Liana Gedevanishvili


University Dariko Khvedelidze Doctoral Candidate, Georgian Technical

University

Emzar Khvichia


University

Tamar Tvalchrelidze

Graduate student, Georgian Technical

University

Mariam Vardiashvili Professor of Georgian Technical University


92

Авторы


Ученый Первой Международной

Категории в области информационных и

коммуникационных технологий,

Профессор Грузинского технического

университета Георгий Аладашвили

Докторант Грузинского технического

университета

Кетеван Бетлемидзе Докторант Грузинского технического

университета Лели Бибилашвили Профессор Университета Грузии


Профессор Грузинского технического

университета Лиана Гедеванишвили Докторант Грузинского технического





Тамара Твалчрелидзе

Магистрант Грузинского технического


Дарико Хведелидзе Докторант Грузинского технического





Геннадий Яшвили Профессор Грузинского технического университета


93

Jurnalis redkolegia nana avaliani

istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, egvipteSi saqarTvelos saelCos despani (saqarTvelo)

rudiger andreseni berlinis universitetis profesori ekonomikis dargSi, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis sapatio doqtori (germania)

meufe abraami (garmelia)

dasavleT evropis mitropoliti (saqarTvelo)

evgeni baraTaSvili saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori, ekonomikisa da biznesis marTvis departamentis xelmZRvaneli (saqarTvelo)

giorgi baRaTuria saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori (saqarTvelo)

oTar baRaTuria pasuxismgebeli mdivani, politikis doqtori (saqarTvelo)

rasa belokaite vitautas didis universitetis profesori (litva)

anastasia ganiCi ruseTis mecnierebaTa akademiis centraluri aziis, kavkasiisa da ural-volgispireTis Semswavleli centris mecnier-muSaki, docenti (ruseTi)

iuri goricki moskovis energetikuli institutis profesori (ruseTi)

vaxtang guruli ivane javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori (saqarTvelo)

SoTa doRonaZe mTavari redaqtori, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori, saxelmwifo marTvis mimarTulebis xelmZRvaneli (saqarTvelo)

elun drake evropis sabWos eqsperti (safrangeTi) harald vertci sorbonas universitetis `pari-8~-is

profesori informatikis dargSi (safrangeTi)

genadi iaSvili saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori, ekonomikisa da samarTlis saerTaSoriso germanulenovani institutis xelmZRvaneli (saqarTvelo)

serjo kamizi “la sapienZa”-s universitetis profesori. (italia)


94

riCard maasi notrdamis universitetis profesori (niderlandebis samefo)

roin metreveli saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis akademikosi (saqarTvelo)

ioSika micui iokohamas erovnuli universitetis profesori (iaponia)

badri nakaSiZe m. lomonosovis saxelobis moskovis universitetis saxelmwifo marTvis fakultetis profesori (ruseTi)

lizaveta Jaxanina kanzasis saxelmwifo universitetis profesori (amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi)

budi nurani ruCjana pajajaranis universitetis profesori. (indonezia)

ramon pietro-suaresi evropis sabWos eqsperti (espaneTi gert surmiuleni doqtori, lojistikuri kompaniis

prezidenti (germania) qeTi qoqraSvili saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis

profesori, administraciis xelmZRvaneli (saqarTvelo)

oTar qoCoraZe mTavari redaqtoris moadgile, saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori (saqarTvelo)

rusudan quTaTelaZe saqarTvelos teqnikuri universitetis profesori, biznes-injineringis fakultetis dekani (saqarTvelo)

maia CxeiZe saqarTvelos universitetis profesori (saqarTvelo)

endriu lenuqs hardingsi

kingskolejis profesori (didi britaneTi)


95

EDITORIAL BOARD NANA AVALIANI PhD of History, Counselor-envoy of Georgia

in Egypt (Georgia) RUDIGER ANDRESEN Professor of Economics of Berlin University,

Doctor of Honour of Georgian Technical University (Germany)

His Eminence ABRAHAM (GARMELIA)

Metropolitan of Western Europe (Georgia)

EVGENI BARATASHVILI Professor of Georgian Technical University, Head of Department of Economics and Business Managemnt (Georgia)

GIORGI BAGATURIA Professor of Georgian Technical University

(Georgia) OTAR BAGATURIA Responsible Editor, Ph.D. (Georgia) RASA BELOKAITE Professor of the University of Vitautas the

Great (Litva) MAIA CHKHEIDZE Professor of University of Georgia

(Georgia) ELUN DRUCKE Expert of European Council (France) SHOTA DOGONADZE Chief Editor, Professor of Georgian

Technical University, Head of Public Admimstration Department (Georgia)

ANASTASIA GANICH Docent, Scientific worker of Central Asia, Caucasus and Ural-Volga researcher center of the Avcademy of Sciences of Russia (RF)

YURI GORITSKIY Professor of Moscow Power Engineering Institute (RF)

VAKHTANG GURULI Professor of Ivane Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University (Georgia)

ANDRU LENUKS HARDINGS Professor of King’s college (UK) GENADI IASHVILI Professor of Georgian Technical University,

Head of the International German Institute (Georgia)

SERGIO CAMIZ Professor of the University of Roma „La Sapienza“ (Italia)

KETI KOKRASHVILI Professor of Georgian Technical University, Head of the Administration (Georgia)

OTAR KOCHORADZE Deputy Editor-in-Chief, Professor of Georgian

Technical University (Georgia) RUSUDAN KUTATELADZE Professor of Georgian Technical University,

Dean of Business-Enginering faculty (Georgia)

RICHARD MAAS Professor of the University of Notrdam (The Netherlands)


96

ROIN METREVELI Academy of Science of Georgia, Academician (Georgia)

IOSHIKA MITSUI Professor of National University of Yokohama (Japan)

BADRI NAKASHIDZE

Professor of M.Lomonosov Moscow State

University (RF) RAMON PIETRO-SUARES Expert of European Council (Spain) BUDI NURANI RUCHJANA

Professor of the University of Padjadjaran (Indonesia)

GERT SURMIULEN Doctor, preident of Logistic company (Germany)

LIZAVETA DJAKHANINA Professor of Kanzas State University (USA) HARALD WERTZ Professor of Informatics of Sorbona

University ”Pari-8” (France)


97

РЕДКОЛЛЕГИЯ

НАНА АВАЛИАНИ Посол по особым поручениям МИД

Грузии, доктор исторических наук (Грузия)

Владыко АВРААМ (ГАРМЕЛИЯ Митрополит Западной Европы (Грузия) РУДИГЕР АНДРЕСЕН Профессор экономики Берлинского

университета, почетный доктор Грузинского технического университета (Германия)

ГЕОРГИЙ БАГАТУРИЯ Профессор Грузинского технического университета (Грузия)

ОТАР БАГАТУРИЯ Ответственный секретарь, Ph.D. (Грузия) ЕВГЕНИЙ БАРАТАШВИЛИ Профессор Грузинского

технического университета, руководитель департаменгта экономики и управления бизнесом (Грузия)

РАСА БЕЛОКАЙТЕ

Профессор университета Витаутаса Великого (Литва)

ХАРАЛЬД ВЕРТЦ Профессор информатики Сорбонского университетета «Пари-8» (Франция)

АНАСТАСИЯ ГАНИЧ

Доцент, научный сотрудник исследовательского центра Центральной Азии, Кавказа и Урал-привольжия АН

РФ (РФ) ЮРИЙ ГОРИЦКИЙ

Профессор Московского энергетического института (РФ)

ВАХТАНГ ГУРУЛИ Профессор Тбилисского государственного унивесритета им. Ив.Джавахишвили (Грузия)

ЕЛУН ДРАКЕ Эксерт Совета Европы (Франция) ШОТА ДОГОНАДЗЕ Главный редактор, профессор

Грузинского технического университета, руководитель направления

государственного управления (Грузия) СЕРДЖИО КАМИЗ

Профессор Римского Университета «Ла Сапиенза» (Италия)

КЕТЕВАН КОКРАШВИЛИ профессор Грузинского технического университета, глава администрации университета (Грузия)

ОТАР КОЧОРАДЗЕ Заместитель главного редактора, профессор Грузинского технического

университета (Грузия) РУСУДАН КУТАТЕЛАДЗЕ Профессор Грузинского технического

университета, декан факультета Бизнес-инжинеринга (Грузия)


98

РИЧАРД МААС Профессор университета Нотрдам (Нидерланды)

РОИН МЕТРЕВЕЛИ Академик АН Грузии (Грузия) ИОШИКА МИЦУИ

Профессор национального университета Йокогамы (Япония)

БАДРИ НАКАШИДЗЕ Профессор МГУ им. М.Ломоносова (РФ) РАМОН ПЬЕТРО-СУАРЕС Эксперт Совета Европы (Испания) БУДИ НУРАНИ РУЧДЖАНА Профессор университета Паджаджаран

(Индонезия) ГЕРТ СУРМЮЛЕН

Доктор, президент логистической компании (Германия)

МАЙА ЧХЕИДЗЕ Профессор Университета Грузии (Грузия)

ЛИЗАВЕТА ЖАХАНИНА Профессор государственного университета Канзас (США)

ЭНДРЮ ЛЕНУКС ХАРДИНГС Профессор кингсколледжа (Великобритания)

ГЕННАДИЙ ЯШВИЛИ Профессор Грузинского технического университета, руководитель Международного Германоязычного института экономики и права (Грузия)

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