Xiangyang Zhang

Global Ambassador for OER Advocacy,

International Council for Open and Distance Education (ICDE)

https://www.icde.org/knowledge-hub/icde-

oer-advocacy-committee

MOOCs Format of Open Educational

Resources Repositories: an Alternative

Route in China

Xiangyang Zhang

Shu-chiu Hung

Sias University

The Open University of Jiangsu

Definitions of OER Commonwealth of Learning:

Materials that may be freely accessed, reused, modified and shared to support teaching and learning at all levels of education (2017a, p.1).

William and Flora Hewlett Foundation:

Teaching, learning and research materials in any medium – digital or otherwise – that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open license that permits no-cost access, use, adaptation and redistribution by others with no or limited restrictions (2019).

UNESCO definition:

Learning, teaching and research material in any

format and medium that resides in the Public

Domain or are under the copyright that has been

released under an open license that permits no-

cost access, reuse, repurpose, adaptation and

redistribution by others (UNESCO, 2019b).

Traditional OER repositories

China University Digital Museum

National Science and Technology Library

National Digital Culture Network

National centre for Philosophy ad Social

Sciences Documentation

National e-learning resources centre

It initiated in march 2008, kick off sept 2008, march 2010

uploaded no less than 200 courses, march 2011 stored 5000

courses. 2012, 11957 courses. Among them, 1255 non-degree

courses. 26691 courses up to date.

This repository’s motto: open, sharing, collaborating and

ubiquitous. NERC is a consortium comprise of 28 radio and

television university branches, 65 vocational colleges and 69

schools nationwide.

This consortium aims to offer open courses for vocational

education.

CORE

China Open Resources for Education is a university

consortium sponsored by Hewlett and IETF

foundations.

It introduced open CourseWares from MIT and

transformed into Chinese language

It helps established a university consortium sharing

open educational resources in China.

It set up the CORE website, though it stopped

updating since 2013.

Modern OERs

National Prestigious Courses

http://www.jingpinke.com（in maintenance state)

MOOCs platforms:

ICOURSE http://www.icourses.cn/home/

CNMOOC https://www.cnmooc.org

XUETANGX www.xuetangx.com

UMOOCs http://moocs.unipus.cn/

The models of business

Non profit and open for all with credits

CNMOOC https://www.cnmooc.org Funding

UMOOCs http://moocs.unipus.cn/ Funding

Profit model but open for all

ICOURSE http://www.icourses.cn/home/ Revenue

Credits for SPOC, open for MOOCs with non-credits

XUETANGX www.xuetangx.com

History of OER in China

Radio and television programmes for publish since

1950s

2003 may National Essential Courses initiated by MOE

http://www.jingpinke.com

2003 Sept CORE

2011 open courses on videos initiated by moe

http://www.icorses.cn

2013 Oct MOOCs

MOOCs vs Traditional OU Courses

Open access

Open paced

Open locations

Open time

Open programme

But not openly available and open alternation fully

The following photos are taken from the

official blog by Beijing Open University CC 4.0 License

The Current Status of OER in China

governments funding

awards for the selected quality courses

public and private sector involvement and cooperation

inter-constitutional collaboration

MOOC format, open courses based

credits for on-campus higher education and no credits/credentials for

lifelong learning

one-stop platforms

quality first

integration into the curricula of relevant universities

Prominent Feature of OERs in China

Open Course-based, MOOC format of OERs for Campus University Students and Lifelong Learners

Quality: good universities with good teaching staff to create good

courses.

Equity: spread quality OER to educational institutions and regions that

need them.

Learner-centred: focus on how students learn, catering to digital

natives’ learning needs and learning cultures.

Teacher-created: teachers initiate the courses and organize their own

teaching to create the open courses.

Open and sharing: all courses are open on the learning platforms, with

only simple sign-in needed.

Cooperation: MOOCs integrate diverse stakeholders, including

governments, universities, entrepreneurs, and academic faculties.

Website Open course sample from Jiangsu

Open University Lifelong Learning Repository

http://dsw.jsou.cn/album/3459/material/3540

Macro perspective: MOOCS, Open Libraries and

online Museums

Meso perspective: Open Accessed Journals

Micro perspective: Co-teaching plan

The Future Prospects of OER in China

The MOE vows to build more MOOCs ( more than 10 thousands Open Courses) to provide educational service to the country and the world. The five key words offered by the MOE are:

Equity

Sharing

Service

Innovation

Cooperation, and

Sustainability

OER to OEP

Technology has the final say on the

future of the OER?

Block chain Technology?

Government supports

AI Technology?

5G mobile technology supports

Qs and As

Thank you and hope to see you all in

Dublin, November 2019.

zhangxiangyang@sias.edu.cn

njxiangyangzhang@163.com

https://www.linkedin.com/in/xiangyang-zhang-张向阳-b7460737/