Post on 29-Dec-2021
WWII
Ch 25
KWL
Know Wanna Know
EQ’s
• What steps did Roosevelt take in the late 1930s to prepare the United States for war?
• How did the government marshal the nation’s resources to fight the war?
• What major changes occurred in American society as a consequence of wartime mobilization?
• What role did women play in the armed forces during World War II?
• What were the main elements of the Allied war strategy?
• What were the factors behind the decision to deploy the atomic bomb against Japan?
Organization
WWII
Causes The War
Pacific Theater
Europe
The Home front
Foreign Policy
WWII Quick Hits
• 1939-1945 (U.S. directly involved starting in 1941)
• The most destructive and deadly conflict in the history of humankind (40-70M+ dead)
• The Nazi Holocaust was responsible for the genocide of 6M Jews
• The war set the stage for a new age of U.S. prosperity and power
• The aftermath of the war also created the World’s first superpowers and set the conditions for the Cold War
Imagery
Setting the Stage
• Define the following:
1. Democracy
2. Capitalism
3. Socialism
4. Communism
5. Dictatorship
6. Totalitarianism
7. Fascism
Fascism Communism
Causes
• Failures of the World War I Peace
Settlement
• Treaty of Versailles causes anger, resentment
in Europe
• Germany resents blame for war, loss of
colonies, border territories
• Economic, social problems
Totalitarian Dictators
Benito Mussolini “Il Duce”
Italy
Adolph Hitler “The Fuhrer”
Germany
Joseph Stalin U.S.S.R.
Fascist Party •Extreme nationalism •Militaristic expansion •Charismatic leader
•Private property w/strong govt controls
•Anti-communist
Nazi Party •Extreme nationalism and racism
•Militaristic expansion •Strong leader
•Private property w/strong govt controls
•Anti-communist
Communist Party •One party political control •State ownership of property
and control all means of production
The Rise of Nazism
1. What were the conditions in Germany that left it vulnerable to Nazism?
2. How was Hitler able to take over control of Germany?
What are these propaganda posters trying to say?
Meanwhile in Japan…
• 1931, Nationalist military leaders seize
Manchuria
• Militarists take control of Japanese government
"Hitler accepts the ovation of the Reichstag after announcing the `peaceful' acquisition of Austria. It set the stage to annex the Czechoslovakian Sudetenland, largely inhabited by a German- speaking population." Berlin, March 1938. 208-N-39843.
Anti-Comintern Pact, 1937
• Alliance formed: Germany, Italy, Japan
• Pledge to oppose international communism
Munich Conference/Appeasement
Nazi- Soviet Nonaggression Pact, 1939
Reaction at Home
• Nye Committee and WWI
• Neutrality Acts – 1935 – prohibit arms
shipments and travel to belligerent nations
– 1936 – financial aid to belligerents
– 1937 – Spain specific
• Spanish Civil War
• America First Committee
FDR Quarantine Speech - 1937 • “When an epidemic of physical disease starts
to spread, the community approves and joins in a quarantine of the patients in order to protect the health of the community against the spread of the disease.”
What is the disease FDR is referring to in his address? How do you think this response is received?
Subject Occasion Audience Purpose
Battle of Britain (1940)
Changing U.S. Policy
• “Cash and Carry”
• Selective Service Act (1940)
• Destroyers-for-Bases
FDR Elected to Record 3rd Term
Arsenal of Democracy
Lend-Lease Act (1941)
Atlantic Charter (Churchill & FDR)
1941
1. no territorial gains were to be sought by the United States or the United Kingdom;
2. territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned;
3. all people had a right to self-determination;
4. trade barriers were to be lowered;
5. there was to be global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare;
6. the participants would work for a world free of want and fear;
7. the participants would work for freedom of the seas;
8. there was to be disarmament of aggressor nations, and a postwar common disarmament.
December 7, 1941
President Franklin D. Roosevelt signing the Declaration of War against Japan, December 8, 1941.
The sides are set…
• Allied Powers
– U.S.
– U.S.S.R.
– Britain
– France
– China
– The Netherlands
– … and many others
• Axis Powers
– Germany
– Italy
– Japan
– … and many others
Bataan
Island Hopping
Operation Torch (Nov 8 1942)
Battle of Stalingrad (August 23, 1942 – February 2, 1943)
Italian Campaign (1943 – German surrender)
Operation Overlord/D-Day – June 6, 1944
Battle of the Bulge
• Dec. 1944 through Jan. of 1945
Air Attack
Tuskegee Airmen
Fall of Berlin
SNAFU FUBAR
The Allies liberate Europe (cont).
• Unconditional Surrender
• April 1945, Soviet army storms Berlin; Hitler
commits suicide
• Eisenhower accepts unconditional surrender of
German Reich
• May 8, 1945, V-E Day: Victory in Europe Day
V-E Day – May 8, 1945
Liberation and a “just war”
Japanese Internment
I N T E R N M E N T
Yalta Conference - February 4–11, 1945
• What are the issues?
– Soviets would enter war against Japan
– Free elections in Eastern Europe
– Formation of United Nations
Island Hopping
Midway (June ‘42)
Guadalcanal
WACS and WAVES Women’s Army Corps and Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service
What type of positions did women fill?
Thesis
• Analyze the home-front experiences of TWO of the following groups during the Second World War.
– African Americans
– Japanese Americans
– Jewish Americans
– Mexican Americans
Death of FDR
FDR Second Bill of Rights
Harry Truman
• POTUS 33
• Missouri – Political Machine
• Failed Businessman
• Served in WWI
• Senator
• “The buck stops here”
• “I’d rather be right than President”
• Last POTUS to…
• “
Iwo Jima and Okinawa
Iwo Jima
African Americans in the Pacific
Firebombing of Tokyo
Invasion of Japan (X-Day; Operation Downfall)
• A study done for Secretary of War Henry Stimson's staff by William Shockley estimated that conquering Japan would cost 1.7-4 million American casualties, including 400,000–800,000 fatalities, and five to ten million Japanese fatalities. The key assumption was large-scale participation by civilians in the defense of Japan.
Development of Atom Bomb
• The Manhattan Project
– J. Robert Oppenheimer is research director of Manhattan Project
– July 1945, atomic bomb tested in New Mexico desert (Los Alamos)
Potsdam Conference
“On July 24 I casually mentioned to Stalin that we had a new weapon of unusual destructive force. The Russian Premier showed no special interest. All he said was he was glad to hear it and hoped we would make "good use of it against the Japanese."
Potsdam Declaration – July 26, 1945
• "We call upon the government of Japan to proclaim now the unconditional surrender of all Japanese armed forces, and to provide proper and adequate assurances of their good faith in such action. The alternative for Japan is prompt and utter destruction."
What was the military's justification for the use of the Atomic bomb?
The Atomic Bomb Ends the War
• August 6, Hiroshima destroyed by bomb
• 3 days later, bomb dropped on city of Nagasaki
• August 14, 1945 Japan surrenders (V-J Day)
• Within the first two to four months of the bombings, the acute effects killed 90,000–166,000 people in Hiroshima and 60,000–80,000 in Nagasaki, with roughly half of the deaths in each city occurring on the first day.
The explosion generated heat estimated at 7,000 °F and winds that were estimated at 624 mph.
Atomic Bombs
Hiroshima
• 2 million dead
• Cities in ruins
• Economic collapse
What about Japan?
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