Transcript of WWI and it’s aftermath. Beginning of WWI 0 Began with assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand 0...
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- WWI and its aftermath
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- Beginning of WWI 0 Began with assassination of Archduke Franz
Ferdinand 0 The heir to the Austria-Hungary throne
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- Beginning of WWI 0 On July 28, Austria declared war on Serbia 0
Russia mobilized its army on German border 0 On August 1, Germany
declared war on Russia 0 Two days later it declared war on France
WWI had begun
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- Mericans & the War 0 Wilson declared the country neutral 0
Many choose sides especially the many new immigrants to the country
0 Most did not want to join the war, but supported the allies 0
Series of events will eventually lead U.S. into the war
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- Moving Toward War 0 Germans announced they would sink any ship
around Britain without warning 0 On May 7, 1915, German U-boats
(submarines) sunk the British passenger ship, Lusitania 0 1200
passengers including 128 Mericans were killed 0 March 1916, a
German U-boat sank a French passenger ship, the Sussex, killing
more Mericans
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- Moving Toward War 0 Germany promised not to sink any more
merchant ships without warning with the Sussex Pledge 0 This pledge
helped keep the US out of war a little longer
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- Moving Toward War 0 Britain intercepted a message sent from
Germany to Mexico known as the Zimmerman Telegram 0 It stated that
if Mexico entered the war on Germanys side & attacked U.S.,
Germany would help Mexico recover lost territory 0 First 3 weeks of
March 1917, Germans resumed unrestricted submarine warfare sinking
4 U.S. ships 0 On April 6, Wilson signed a resolution entering U.S.
into the Great War
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- The Home Front 0 Wilson issued the Selective Service Act of
1917 requiring all men 21-30 to register for draft 0 2.8 million
were drafted and another 2 million volunteered
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- African Americans in the War 0 400,000 were drafted and about
42,000 served overseas as combat troops 0 Discrimination was
encountered and they served in segregated units supervised by white
officers 0 Several divisions won distinctive awards for their war
efforts
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- Women in the Military 0 Women served in the war, but only in
non-combat positions 0 Nurses, radio operators, electricians,
photographers, pharmacists, torpedo assemblers 0 The Army Nursing
Corps served overseas including 10,000 women
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- The Home Front 0 War Industries Board created 0 Oversaw war
time productions 0 Raw materials, construction of new factories,
manufacturing of goods
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- Paying For the War 0 Liberty Bonds & Victory Bonds helped
raise $ for the war 0 By buying bonds, Mericans were loaning the
govt money 0 Taxes were also raised
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- Federal Agencies 0 Food Administration 0 Supervised
agricultural production, promoted food conservation & rationing
0 Fuel Administration 0 Increased production of coal & oil,
daylight savings times, Heatless Mondays
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- Federal Agencies 0 National War Labor Board 0 Oversaw
cooperation between industry and labor unions 0 Committee on Public
Information 0 Used propaganda to rally support for war effort
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- Women Support Industries 0 Increased opportunity for women 0
Took jobs vacated by men in the military 0 Factory &
manufacturing jobs, shipping & railraod 0 After the war, many
women were replaced by men
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- The Great Migration 0 Between 300k-500k African Americans left
the south to fill factory jobs in the north 0 Changed the racial
makeup of northern cities and caused tensions after the war
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- Supreme Court Limits Free Speech 0 In landmark case Schenck v
U.S., court ruled free speech could be altered during times of
clear and present danger 0 Controlled public opinion and stopped
antiwar protests
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- The Conflict 0 Trench Warfare No Mans Land 0 Reliance on
machine gun 0 New Technology 0 Poison gas, tank, airplanes
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- The Conflict 0 soldiers were sent overseas were nicknamed
doughboys 0 U.S. used convoys to take troops over seas to protect
from German U-boat attacks 0 No lives were lost at sea
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- The Conflict 0 March 1917, Russia leaves the war with the
outbreak of the Bolshevik Revolution allowing Germany to focus
fighting the western front
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- The War Ends 0 Nov. 11 1918, fighting came to an end when
Germany signed an armistice, cease fire, that ended the war 0
Wilson came up with his Fourteen Points, plan to rebuild after the
war with the League of Nations being formed to help keep peace 0
Allies thought Wilsons plan was too lenient
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- The War Ends 0 Germany signed the Treaty of Versailles, in June
1919 0 Forced to pay $33 billions in reparations, war damages, to
the Allies 0 Required Germany to take guilt for the outbreak of the
war
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- The War Ends 0 Russian and Ottoman empire will dissolve 0
Austria-Hungary split into separate countries 0 9 new countries
established including Yugoslavia & Poland
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- The Wars Impact Effects of WWI on Economy Rapid
InflationStrikes Mass demand for goods
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- Rapid Inflation 0 Rationing ends leading people to start buying
these goods 0 With a high demand the prices rise about 15 cents a
year 0 Inflation greatly increased the cost of living
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- Strikes 0 Inflation increased businesses operating costs. They
wanted to keep wages low to compensate 0 Strikes occurred because
workers wanted higher wages to keep up with inflation
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- The Red Scare 0 Mericans became anti-German during and after
the war & anti-communist when Russia withdrew 0 Communism
became associated with being unpatriotic and disloyal
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- The Red Scare 0 The Red Scare became a nationwide panic that
Communists, or reds, might seize power 0 Postal Service caught over
30 letters to leading businessmen that exploded when opened
suggesting a country wide conspiracy 0 Most believed the bombs were
the work of Communists or other revolutionaries
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- The Red Scare 0 Palmer Raids, led by General Palmer, were raids
on headquarters of radical organizations and homes of suspicious
people accused of being led by reds 0 Run through the General
Intelligence Division, soon to be FBI, led by J Edgar Hoover 0
Palmer loss credibility when he started predicting events that
didnt occur