Post on 08-Jul-2018
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Writing a
Bibliography UsingMLA (7th ed.)
Done by: Naponee Evans
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Areas that ill be
!overed: "o and hen to !ite ithin yo#r te$ta!!ording to the MLA style
"o to !reate a Wor%s &ited page' !iting avariety o so#r!es:
rint
Ele!troni!
Media
What to do i yo# !o*e a!ross so*ething#n#s#al not !overed in this t#torial
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What is MLA?
• MLA stands for Modern Language Association
which promulgates guidelines for preparing student
research papers and projects and scholarly
manuscripts in the humanities. “MLA style” refers to
a system of citing research sources.
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Why Should !ite?
!iting identifies and credits sources used in a research paperor project" ac#nowledging their role in shaping your research.$his also allows others to follow%up on or retrie&e this material.
When you 'orrow from other sources to support your argumentor research you must gi&e proper credit. (y crediting yoursources" you a&oid plagiarism. f you do not cite a source" youare guilty of plagiarism.
)lagiarism is a form of cheating or stealing. t is the
unac#nowledged use or appropriation of another person*swords or ideas.
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When Should !ite?
Many students plagiari+e unintentionally. ,emem'er" whene&er
you summari+e" paraphrase or -uote another authors material
you must properly credit your source.
f you are using another person*s idea" you must also cite yoursource/
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n any o ese !ases' yo# *#s !re yo#r so#r!e
,#**ary' araphrase'-#ote
• A s#**ary (a%a abstra!t/) brie0y !apt#resthe *ain ideas o yo#r so#r!e
• A paraphrase is a restate*ent o the te$t oyo#r so#r!e in yo#r on ords
• -#otations !an be dire!t (#sing 1#otation*ar%s) or indire!t (no 1#otation *ar%s andoten introd#!ed by that/)• A noted s!ientist states' 2A h#ndred years ago' the
average te*perat#re o the earth as abo#t 34.75&(6.658)9 today' it is !loser to 3.5& (67.;58)<(,ilver 33).
• A noted s!ientist observes that the earth/s !#rrentaverage te*perat#re is 67.;58 !o*pared to 6.658 ah#ndred years ago (,ilver 33).
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0ow 1o !ite?
$here are two parts to citing according to MLA style2
3. (rief n%te4t citations 5in parentheses6 within the 'ody of youressay or paper
7. List of full citations in the Wor#s !ited page at the end of yourpaper
8ote2
,eferences cited in the te4t must appear in the Wor#s
!ited.!on&ersely" each entry in the Wor#s !ited must 'e cited
in the te4t.
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MLA pro&ides these
guidelines for citations2In-text:“,eferences in the te4t must clearly point to specific
sources in the list of wor#s cited” 59i'aldi 73:6.
Wor#s !ited2“dentify the location of the 'orrowed information as
specifically as possi'le” 59i'aldi 73;6.
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n%$e4t !itations
• You must provide information that will allow the reader
to locate exactly where you found information in your
sources. Usually this is the author's last name and a page
number, for example: (Polar !!"
Place the parenthetical reference at the end of the sentence
before the punctuation mar#.
• $he average world temperature is rising at an alarming
rate of %&& degrees elsius per year (Polar !!".
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ones alludes to this premise 53=%=@" 3:;6.Two wors cited:
5$aylor ;: $homas =7B6
!hen you cite more than one wor "y the same author in
your paper# indicate which wor in your parenthetical
citation:
C&eryone hates glo'al warming 5Smith" Our Environment DB6.
When possi'le" gi&e only the last
two digits for the second num'er
!ite as you normally would and
separate citations with a semicolon
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Wor#s !ited )age
$he Wor#s !ited )age appears at the end of your paper on its
own page.
C&erything you referenced in your te4t must 'e listed in your
Wor#s !ited page. !on&ersely" e&erything you list in theWor#s !ited page must 'e cited in your essay.
$he Wor#s !ited page pro&ides the information needed for a
reader to find and retrie&e any source used in your paper.
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Sample Wor#s !ited )age
ESources are listed alpha'etically
ndent all lines after
the first F inch for each wor# listed
E$he entire
Wor#s !ited
page is
dou'le%spaced
$itle “Wor#s !ited” is center
at the top of the page
(e sure that each
citation has aformat descriptor
5properly placed
within the
citation6 e.g."
We'" )rint" Gilm
All citations end
in a period 5.6
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nternet Sources
What Should (e ncluded?
Author5s6" if a&aila'le2
$itle of the document.
Title of scholarly project,database, periodical, orwebsite.
1ate electronic pu'licationwas last updated.
8ame of the organi+ationsponsoring or associatedwith the site.
Gormat descriptor.
1ate when you accessedthe source.
“9lo'al Warming.”
Stanford Solar Center .
7HHD.
Stanford Ini&ersity.
We'.
: Apr. 7H3H
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We'sites
Climate Change. 7: >ul 7HHD. I.S. Cn&ironmental )rotection
Agency. We'. : Apr. 7H3H.
“9lo'al Warming.” Stanford Solar Center . 7HHD. Stanford Ini&ersity.
We'. : Apr. 7H3H.
1ate accessed
A''re&iate the month
1ate source was last updated
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Clectronic Articles$ournal:
Laurance" William G. J!an !ar'on $rading Sa&e
Kanishing Gorests?J Bioscience ;D.: 57HHD62 7D%
DB. Prouest . We'. : Apr. 7H3H.
1ata'ase" italici+ed
Access date
Kolume .ssue5ear of pu'lication6
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Clectronic Articles"
!ontinued%ewspaper:(all" >effrey 8. “Warming )rogram 1raws Gire Gund 1esigned to
Spur ,enewa'le Cnergy Su'sidi+es 9as )lants.J !all Street
"ournal N8ew or#" 8..O 33 >ul 7HHD" Castern
edition2 A.3. !eb. : Apr. 7H3H.
1ate of access
Gormat descriptor 1ate article was pu'lished
)lace of pu'lication is in 'rac#ets when it is not
e4plicitly indicated in the pu'lication itself
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Clectronic (oo#sSweet" William. #ic$ing the Carbon %abit& 'lobal !arming and the Case for
(enewable and )uclear Energy . 8ew or#2 !olum'ia Ini&ersity )ress" 7HH.
)et*ibrary . We'. : Apr. 7H3H.
Moser" Susanne !. Creating a Climate for Change& Communicating Climate Change
and +acilitating Social Change. !am'ridge" 8ew or#2 !am'ridge I)" 7HHB.
)et*ibrary . We'. : Aug. 7H3H.
Again" include date of access and format descriptor
“Ini&ersity )ress” can 'e a''re&iated “I)”
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Media ,o#r!es
M#lti*edia so#r!es !an also be #sed
and !ited
Media sources (examples):
•$K P radio 'roadcasts
•Gilms P &ideo recordings
•Sound recordings
&ormat descriptors:
•$ele&ision ,adio
•Gilm 1K1 Kideo ,ecording
•!1 Sound ,ecording
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Media ,o#r!es What Should (e ncluded?
• “$itle of $he Cpisode.”
• Title of program or
series.
• 8ame5s6 of director5s6"
performer5s6" narrator5s6
• 8ame of 8etwor#.
• !all Letters and !ity of
Station.
• 11 MMM. .
• Gormat descriptor
“$he ada ada”
Seinfeld
)erf. Claine (enes"9eorge !onstan+a"
!osmo Qramer" and
>erry Seinfeld
8ational (roadcasting!orp.
Q8(!" Los Angeles
7: Apr. 3@@B
$ele&ision.
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Wor%s &ited
(adu" Cry#a. “,imshot.” Ery$a Badu *ive Ini&ersal ,ecords. 3@@B.
!1.
The 'irl with the -ragon Tattoo. 1ir. 8iels Arden oyce" >ames. .lysses. )erf. >im 8orton and Marcella ,iordan. 8a4os
Audio'oo#s. 7HH:. !1.
“$he ada ada.” Seinfeld . )erf. Claine (enes" 9eorge !onstan+a"
!osmo Qramer" and >erry Seinfeld. 8ational (roadcasting !orp.Q8(!" Los Angeles" 7: Apr. 3@@B. $ele&ision.
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End
• + yo# !o*e a!rossanything not*entioned in thispresentation or need
#rther inor*ation'!ons#lt the MLAHandbook
• Libraries' online et!=
ibaldi, )oseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers.*th ed. +ew Yor#: odern -anguage ssociation of merica,%&&/. Print.
$rimmer, )oseph 0. A Guide to MLA Documentation: with an Appendixto APA St!e. !th ed. 1oston: 2adsworth, %&&. Print.
$here are many more e4amples
and much useful information inside/
$he MLA R(i'le*