Post on 23-Dec-2015
World War I BeginsWorld War I Begins
“The world must be made safe for “The world must be made safe for democracy”democracy”
Chapter 19 Section 1Chapter 19 Section 1
Terms and NamesTerms and Names
Militarism Militarism Central PowersCentral Powers
Allies Allies Archduke Franz Ferdinand Archduke Franz Ferdinand
““no man’s land” no man’s land” trench warstrench wars
LusitaniaLusitania Zimmermann noteZimmermann note
Long Term Causes of World War ILong Term Causes of World War I
NationalismNationalism
ImperialismImperialism
MilitarismMilitarism
System of AlliancesSystem of Alliances
To remember the causes . . . To remember the causes . . .
Think Think MAINMAIN
MMilitarismilitarism
System ofSystem of AAllianceslliances
IImperialismmperialism
NNationalismationalism
NationalismNationalism
National interests and National interests and unity should be placed unity should be placed ahead of global ahead of global cooperationcooperation
Foreign affairs should be Foreign affairs should be guided by national self - guided by national self - interestsinterests
France and Germany France and Germany competed for European competed for European leadershipleadership
Russia and Hungary – Austria Russia and Hungary – Austria competed for influence over competed for influence over SerbiaSerbia
Poland wanted to be Poland wanted to be independentindependent
ImperialismImperialism
Taking over weaker Taking over weaker territories for military / territories for military / political and economic political and economic reasonsreasons
As Germany became more As Germany became more industrialized, they competed industrialized, they competed with France and Britain for with France and Britain for colonies that supplied raw colonies that supplied raw materialsmaterials
MilitarismMilitarism
Militarism – the Militarism – the development of armed development of armed forces and their use as a forces and their use as a tool of diplomacytool of diplomacy
German MilitarismGerman Militarism Germany was the Germany was the strongest nation on the strongest nation on the European continentEuropean continent• Set up an army reserveSet up an army reserve• Drafted and trained the young men Drafted and trained the young men
Kaiser Wilhelm II decided Kaiser Wilhelm II decided to increase Germany’s to increase Germany’s navynavy as well as well
The Naval RaceThe Naval Race
Great Britain had the most Great Britain had the most powerful navy in the worldpowerful navy in the world
Soon other countries began Soon other countries began to compete in navy strength to compete in navy strength and sizeand size
The Alliance SystemThe Alliance System
Countries signed treaties Countries signed treaties that committed them to that committed them to support one another if they support one another if they faced attackfaced attack
Formed two major groupsFormed two major groups•the the Triple Entente (the Triple Entente (the Allies)Allies)
•the the Triple AllianceTriple Alliance
The Triple EntenteThe Triple EntenteFranceFranceGreat BritainGreat BritainRussiaRussia
The Triple AllianceThe Triple AllianceGermanyGermany
Austria–HungaryAustria–Hungary ItalyItaly
An An Assassination Leads to WarAssassination Leads to War
June 28, 1914June 28, 1914 Archduke Franz FerdinandArchduke Franz Ferdinand The The archduke and his wife archduke and his wife
were shotwere shot by a member by a member
of the Black Handof the Black Hand
Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip
Belonged to a Belonged to a secret society secret society (The Black Hand)(The Black Hand)
Wanted to unite Wanted to unite all Serbs under all Serbs under one governmentone government
The The assassination started assassination started a diplomatic crisisa diplomatic crisis
Austria – Hungary Austria – Hungary declared war against declared war against SerbiaSerbia
The The alliance system pulled alliance system pulled the other nations intothe other nations into the the “bright, brisk little “bright, brisk little warwar”.”.
The War BeginsThe War Begins
Austria HungaryAustria Hungary SerbsSerbs
RussiaRussia
GermanyGermany FranceFrance
Great Britain Great Britain
The Fighting StartsThe Fighting Starts
Germany invaded Belgium on Germany invaded Belgium on August 4, 1914August 4, 1914
The British and French were The British and French were unable to save Belgium and unable to save Belgium and retreated to the Marne River in retreated to the Marne River in FranceFrance
France stopped the German France stopped the German troops in September 1914troops in September 1914
No Man’s LandNo Man’s Land
By Spring 1915 two lines of trenches By Spring 1915 two lines of trenches went across northern and eastern went across northern and eastern FranceFrance..
German soldiers occupied one line, Allied German soldiers occupied one line, Allied soldiers on the soldiers on the
other.other.The The landland betweenbetween waswas
calledcalled ““no man’s no man’s
landland””
American NeutralityAmerican Neutrality
In In 19141914, most , most American’s did American’s did not want to get involvednot want to get involved in in the war the war
American immigrants American immigrants sympathized with their countriessympathized with their countries
The war was opposed by The war was opposed by socialists and pacifistssocialists and pacifists
Sympathy for the AlliesSympathy for the Allies Common ancestryCommon ancestry with with
EuropeEurope Economic tiesEconomic ties with the Allies with the Allies The The Allies needed war Allies needed war
suppliessupplies from America from America
The British BlockadeThe British Blockade
Great Britain used their naval Great Britain used their naval power to power to create a blockade create a blockade along the German coastalong the German coast
The blockade The blockade stopped stopped weapons, other military weapons, other military goods and food from getting goods and food from getting throughthrough
Germany sufferedGermany suffered without their without their supplies and eventually supplies and eventually famine famine came over the countrycame over the country
Over Over 750,000 Germans 750,000 Germans starved to deathstarved to death as a result of as a result of the blockadethe blockade
German U-Boat ResponseGerman U-Boat Response
U-boat (U-boat (unterseeboot)unterseeboot) - - submarinesubmarine
German reply - German reply - any ships any ships found in the waters found in the waters around Britain would be around Britain would be sunk by a U-boatsunk by a U-boat
The German blockade was The German blockade was less successful than the less successful than the British blockadeBritish blockade
Americans were outraged Americans were outraged when they saw their ships when they saw their ships sinkingsinking
Opinion towards Germany Opinion towards Germany and the Central Powers and the Central Powers turned negativeturned negative
The Sinking of the The Sinking of the LusitaniaLusitania
May 7, 1915May 7, 1915 A U-boat sank a British ocean A U-boat sank a British ocean
linerliner
off the coast of Ireland off the coast of Ireland 1,198 people were 1,198 people were
killedkilled 128 were American128 were American
German defense – there German defense – there was ammunition on the was ammunition on the boatboat
Americans were outraged – Americans were outraged – called it murdercalled it murder
The United States Remains The United States Remains NeutralNeutral
Wilson ruled out military Wilson ruled out military responseresponse
Germany Germany attacked 2 more attacked 2 more ocean linersocean liners
Germany Germany would continue would continue attacking ocean liners unless attacking ocean liners unless the British withdrew their the British withdrew their blockadeblockade
Neutrality CollapsesNeutrality Collapses
Wilson is re-elected in Wilson is re-elected in 19161916
Attempts to end the war Attempts to end the war
1. Peace without victory1. Peace without victory
2.2. League for PeaceLeague for Peace
Germany replied that they Germany replied that they will sink all ships in British will sink all ships in British waterswaters
The Zimmermann NoteThe Zimmermann Note
From German foreign minister to From German foreign minister to the German ambassador in the German ambassador in MexicoMexico
Intercepted by the BritishIntercepted by the British Suggested an alliance Suggested an alliance
between Germany and between Germany and Mexico if the US gets into the Mexico if the US gets into the warwar
Other Overt ActsOther Overt Acts
Four unarmed American ships Four unarmed American ships were sunk killing 36 peoplewere sunk killing 36 people
Russia changed governments Russia changed governments making it a war of making it a war of democracies against brutal democracies against brutal monarchiesmonarchies
April 2, 1917April 2, 1917Wilson delivers war Wilson delivers war
resolutionresolution““We are glad . . . to fight . . . for the We are glad . . . to fight . . . for the
ultimate peace of the world . . .”ultimate peace of the world . . .”
The War Resolution The War Resolution
Passed in the Senate on Passed in the Senate on
April 4, 1917 April 4, 1917
Passed in the Passed in the
House of Representatives onHouse of Representatives on
April 6, 1917April 6, 1917