THE WORLD BANK

Rural Poverty Remains Stubbornly Persistent and Pervasive

NUMBER OF POOR BY REGION, 1981-2005

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1981 1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005Year

Nu

mb

er

of

Pe

op

le L

ivin

g o

n <

$2

/Da

y (

in 1

00

0s

)

East Asia and Pacific South AsiaSub-Saharan Africa Rest of Developing World

% of Poor who are Rural

1981: 75%

2005: 74%

Provisioning Capture fisheriesWild foodsBiomass fuelGenetic resourcesBiochemicalsFresh water

Air quality regulationClimate regulationErosion regulationWater purificationPest regulationPollinationNatural hazard regul.

Spiritual valuesAesthetic values

Degraded EnhancedMixed

Cultural

Regulating

CropsLivestockAquaculture

Carbon sequestration

TimberFiber

Water regulationDisease regulation

Recreation & ecotourism

Provisioning Capture fisheriesWild foodsBiomass fuelGenetic resourcesBiochemicalsFresh water

Air quality regulationClimate regulationErosion regulationWater purificationPest regulationPollinationNatural hazard regul.

Spiritual valuesAesthetic values

Degraded EnhancedMixed

Cultural

Regulating

CropsLivestockAquaculture

Carbon sequestration

TimberFiber

Water regulationDisease regulation

Recreation & ecotourism

Two-Thirds of Ecosystem Services are Degraded

Food and Fuel Prices have Spiked

Shares of Food, Beverages, and Fuel in Household Expenditure, 2007

World Commodity Prices,

Jan. 2000-Feb. 2008

GHG Emissions Surpass IPCC Estimates

Source:Parry et al. 2001, and IPCC WG 2 2007

World Resources 2005: The Wealth of the Poor

KEY FINDNGS

Nature anchors household economies of rural poor

CBNRM can be pro-poor under the right conditions

Tenure reform is catalytic.

Governments must construct an enabling, not disabling environment

World Resources 2008: Roots of Resilience

KEY FINDNGS

Building resilience (in addition to income) is important

Properly design nature-based enterprises is a promising model

Challenge is one of scale

Ownership, capacity and connection are key elements for successful scaling

Restoring Wetland Livelihoods in Bangladesh

1. Ownership

* Resource Rights

* Participation

* Desire

* Investment

2. Capacity

* Technical Assistance

* Technological Resources

* Business Skills

* Social Capacity

* Institutional Capacity

* Leadership Development

3. Connection

• Horizontal Linkages

•Communicating Success

•Vertical Linkages

THE WORLD BANK

Pro-Rural and Pro-Poor Policies

• Flexible and Inclusive Tenure Rights

•Fair Competition, Regulatory and Tax Regimes

•Community-Driven Physical Infrastructure

• Line Agencies Responsive to Rural Poor

What is Resilience

Resilience

Ecosystem Resilience Economic Resilience Social Resilience

* Absorb Disturbance

* Avoid Threshold

* Shock Recovery

* Livelihood Options

* Social Capital

* Crisis Resolution

WRR 2008: Scaling-Up Nature-Based Enterprise

Photos from Case Study: Building Livelihoods in Wetlands of Bangladesh

Ways to Scale Up

Quantitative Scaling:

*Size of Enterprise

*Number of Enterprises

*Geographical Base

Organizational Scaling: *Enterprise Capacity

Political Scaling: *Influence in Government Institutional

Scaling: *Public Institutions

*Establish and Distribute Benefits

WRR 2008: Scaling-Up Nature-Based Enterprise

Functional Scaling: *Scope of Activities

Photos: Scaling of Re-greening in Niger

Ownership

Connection

Capacity

Intermediary Support Organizations

Building Bridges to Scale Up Nature-Based Enterprise