ART in the TEMPLE:The Imprint of BUDDHISM in

ChinaI. Introduction of BUDDHISMII. EARLY BUDDHIST ART in ChinaIII. LATER BUDDHIST ART in ChinaIV. GOOGLE GALLERY TUTOTIAL

The Imprint of Buddhism in China

Dharmaraksha & Kashyapa

“sutras”

Buddha Iconography:

1) Ushnisha3) Shorn Hair4) Urna5) Triple-Chin (Middle

Path)6) Robe made of rags7) Mudra8) Mandorla• Royal Earlobes• Lotus Throne

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BUDDHIST Cave Temples in China• Dunhuang (oldest, begun 4th cent AD)• Yungang (begun 460 AD under Wei)• Longmen (begun 494)

DUNHUANG (aka Mogau) Cave Temples(begun 4th century AD)

“Paranirvana”

Preaching the Dharma.

Note DONORS at the bottom, another feature of Central Asian painting.

Cave 249, Western Wei, around 550 AD

Buddha restores the eyesight of five ROBBERS to see the truth of the Dharma.

“Apsaras”

YUNGANG Cave Temples(begun 460 AD under Wei)

“Apsaras”

LONGMEN Cave Temples(begun 494 AD under WEI)

“1000 Buddhas”

ART in the TEMPLE:Religious Art 6th—10th cent AD

SUI Dynasty: 581-618TANG Dynasty: 618-906

RECAP: Splendor of the Cave Temples

DUNHUANG (Mogao Caves)

Religious Art of the SUI (581-618) & TANG (618-906) Dynasties

Gilt BronzeBuddha Amitabha w/Attendents584 CE (SUI)

Buddha Amitabha on lotus thronec.593 ce (SUI)bronze altarpiece

Chang’an

Chang’AnMarket Scene

Model of Tang Dynasty Chang’An

Gilt BronzeBuddha Amitabha w/Attendents584 CE (SUI)

CLUNAS, 98

“mudra”

Gilt BronzeBuddha Amitabha w/Attendents584 CE (SUI)

“Bodhisattvas” (“Pure Land”)

“Heavenly Kings”

Lions

Limestone Maitreyac. 600-700 AD

(Clunas, p. 100)

“Maitreya” = “Buddha of the Future”

Limestone Maitreyac. 600-700 AD

Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”719 AD (Tang Dynasty)

Clunas, p. 101-2

Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”719 AD (Tang Dynasty)

Taoist “Heavenly Worthy”719 AD (Tang Dynasty)

LONGMEN Cave Temples(begun 494 AD under WEI)

Buddha ICONOGRAPHY Developments Sakyamuni (historical)

Maitreya (future)

Amitaba (Pure Land)

QUAN-YIN (“bodhisatva”)

Colossal Buddha (YUNGANG)

LONGMEN

Longmen

MAHAYANA Buddhism

Longmen

Empress WUTang Dynasty Ruler:

akaWu Zetian (625-705)

TANG =movement

BIG GOOSE Pagoda

NANCHAN Temple

BOTH Tang, both in XI’AN (Chang’an)

FAMEN SI

“RELIQUARY”from Famen Si

Clunas, p. 107

“RELIQUARY”from Famen Si

Clunas, p. 107

TANG“Hierarchy of Materials”:

1) Gold/Silver2) Bronze3) Stone

Embroidery

SILK EMBROIDERY

Buddha Preaching

Clunas, p. 108

WOOD-BLOCK PRINTING

“Diamond Sutra”

TANG Religious PAINTING

Tang Dynasty Painting of Guan Yin

Guardian King of the NorthHanging Scroll on Silk

Clunas, p. 111

Sui & Tang MOTIVES forReligious Art Patronage:

1) Personal Piety2) Hopes for Children3) “ “ Longevity4) “ “ Ancestors5) “ “ Power

Art DONORS

Dunhuang Yungang (Datong) Longmen

Chinese Buddha Developments

Empress WU

Dunhuang Yungang (Datong) Longmen

ART in the TEMPLE:10th-14th centuries: Song & Yuan Dynasties

LIAO Dynasty (907-1125) Religious Art of the N. SONG (960-1127) &

S. SONG (1127-1279) Buddhist MONKS & the ELITE in S.

SONG BUDDHIST ART in the YUAN Dynasty

(1279-1368)

LIAO Dynasty: 907-1125

LIAO Dynasty (907-1125 CE)

“Luohan” (Buddhist monk)

Seated Luohan, Liao dynasty (907–1125), ca. 1000

Earthenware with 3-color glaze; H. 41 ¼”

ExpressiveFacial

Movement

Religious Art of N. SONG Dynasty(960-1121)

Jinci: SHRINE of the GREAT SAGE MOTHER

Clunas, 112

Yi Jiang (wife of Zhou Dynasty Founder King Wu)

King Wu ruled: c. 1049/45-1043 BCE

Empress WUTang Dynasty Ruler:

akaWu Zetian (625-705)

Empress LIU (N. Song, r. 1023-63)

Jinci: SHRINE of the GREAT SAGE MOTHER

Clunas, 112

8 Jinci DRAGONS: Imperial Power & Life-Giving Waters/Rain

Religious Art of S. SONG Dynasty(1121-1209)

Southern Song sculptures of BAODINGSHAN Caves:“10 Kings of Hell”

Hell of the iron wheel

Hell of excrement

Sutra of the Ten Kings of Hell (painting on paper roll)From Cave 17, Mogao (Dunhuang)

Five Dynasties, late 9th-early 10th century AD

10 Kings of Hell Scrolls

Clunas, p. 114

10 KINGS OF HELL Scrolls

10 KINGS OF HELL Scroll(c. 1150)

Wen Tong,Bamboos(N. Song)

Clunas, p 142

GOAL: “Reality” of Hell

Guan-Yin Developments

Guanyin, ca. 600 Sui Dynasty (581-618) 

Stone Guanyin at Longmen Song Dynasty Tang Dynasty (618-906)            (960-1279)             

Bodhisattva “GUAN YIN” (developments)

Sui dynasty (581–618)

Colored Woodcarving (N. Wei Period)

Guanyin of the Southern Sea, Liao (907-1125)

or Jin Dynasty (1115-1234)

Song Dynasty

Buddhists Monks & the Elitein Southern Song (1128-1279)

Portrait of the CHAN Buddhist monk Wuzhun Shifan, painted in 1238.

“CHAN”= “Zen”

Yujian, Mountain Market in Clearing Mist (c. 1250)

Rain-pulled cloud wisps gather at ChangshaFaint hint of rainbow carries evening’s blush

I like the Market Bridge beyond the public willowsWine flag flutters, traveler thinks of home.

--Yujian

Group Portrait of Chan MonksPainting on Silk, c/ 1330

Clunas, p. 120

Buddhist Art in the Yuan Dynasty(1279-1368)

YUAN Emperor Chengzong (Grandson of Kubla Kahn)Ruled 1294–1307)

Tripitaka (“3 Baskets”)

THE DIAMOND SUTRA

Yamantaka Mandala with imperial portraits, Yuan dynasty (1279–1368)

SUMMARY:10th-14th centuries: Song & Yuan Dynasties

I. LIAO Dynasty (907-1125)II. Religious Art of the NORTHERN

SONG (960-1127) & SOUTHERN SONG (1127-1279)

III. Buddhist MONKS & the ELITE in SOUTHERN SONG

IV. BUDDHIST ART in the YUAN Dynasty (1279-1368)