Post on 19-Jan-2015
description
PRESENTED BY S.RAMANATHAN
I B.C.A
Wireless Sensor Networks: A Detailed Survey
CONTENTS2
IntroductionApplications of sensor networksFactors influencing sensor network designCommunication architecture of sensor
networksConclusion
Introduction3
A sensor network is composed of a large number of sensor nodes, which are densely deployed either inside the phenomenon or very close to it.
Random deploymentCooperative capabilities
Applications of sensor networks4
TemperatureHumidityVehicular movementLightning conditionPressureSoil makeupNoise levelsThe presence or absence of certain kinds of objectsMechanical stress levels on attached objectsThe current characteristics such as speed,
direction, and size of an object
SIMPLE PICTURE5
Applications of sensor networks6
Military applicationsMonitoring friendly forces, equipment and
ammunitionBattlefield surveillanceReconnaissance of opposing forces and
terrainBattle damage assessmentNuclear, biological and chemical attack
detection and reconnaissance
Applications of sensor networks7
Environmental applicationsForest fire detectionFlood detectionPrecision agriculture
Applications of sensor networks8
Health applicationsTele monitoring of human physiological dataTracking and monitoring patients and doctors
inside a hospitalDrug administration in hospitals
Home applicationsHome automationSamrt environment
Factors influencing sensor network design
9
Fault tolerance Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain
sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures.
The fault tolerance level depends on the application of the sensor networks
Scalability Scalability measures the density of the
sensor nodes.
Factors influencing sensor network design
10
Production costsThe cost of a single node is very important
to justify the overall cost of the networks.The cost of a sensor node is a very
challenging issue given the amount of functionalities with a price of much less than a dollar.
Factors influencing sensor network design
11
Hardware constraints
Factors influencing sensor network design
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Sensor network topology
Pre-deployment and deployment phasePost-deployment phaseRe-deployment of additional nodes phase
Factors influencing sensor network design
13
Transmission media In a sensor network, communicating
nodes are linked by a wireless medium. To enable global operation, the chosen transmission medium must be available worldwide.
Radio infrared optical media
Factors influencing sensor network design
14
Power consumption
SensingCommunicationData processing
Communication architecture of sensor networks
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Communication architecture of sensor networks
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Communication architecture of sensor networks
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Application layer The three possible application layer protocols
are -Sensor management protocol (SMP)Task assignment and data advertisement
protocol (TADAP)Sensor query and data dissemination protocol
(SQDDP)
Communication architecture of sensor networks
18
Transport layerThis layer is especially needed when the
system is planned to be accessed through Internet or other external networks.
No attempt thus far to propose a scheme or to discuss the issues related to the transport layer of a sensor network in literature.
Communication architecture of sensor networks
19
Network layerPower efficiency is always an important
consideration.Data aggregation is useful only when it does
not hinder the collaborative effort of the sensor nodes.
An ideal sensor network has attribute-based addressing and location awareness.
Communication architecture of sensor networks
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Data aggregation
Communication architecture of sensor networks
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Data link layer The data link layer is responsible for the
medium access and error control. It ensures reliable point-to-point and point-to-multipoint connections in a communication network.
Medium access controlCreation of the network infrastructure Fairly and efficiently share communication
resources between sensor nodes
Communication architecture of sensor networks
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Power saving modes of operation Operation in a power saving mode is energy
efficient only if the time spent in that mode is greater than a certain threshold.
Error controlForward Error Correction (FEC) Automatic Repeat Request (ARR)Simple error control codes with low-
complexity encoding and decoding might present the best solutions for sensor networks.
Communication architecture of sensor networks
23
Physical layerThe physical layer is responsible for frequency
selection, frequency generation, signal detection, modulation and data encryption.
CONCULSIONFlexibility and fault tolerance create exciting new
applications for remote sensingIn future the wide range of applications will make
sensor networks an integral part of our lives THANK YOU
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