Post on 30-May-2018
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
1/24
Wind Powered Electric EnergyWind Powered Electric Energy
Generation Small GeneratorGeneration Small Generator
EconomicsEconomics David Ryan PE,David Ryan PE,
NCATNCAT
David Ryan PEEnergy Engineer
NCAT
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
2/24
About the National Center forAbout the National Center for
Appropriate TechnologyAppropriate TechnologyFounded in 1976Championing sustainabletechnologies and helpingpeople, especially economicallydisadvantaged people, to bemore self reliant.Focus on local and simple,sustainable and clean solutionsto energy problems
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
3/24
What Well be Talking AboutWhat Well be Talking AboutInterconnection or notInterconnection or not
Net metering, net billing, sale to utilitiesNet metering, net billing, sale to utilities
Costs and RevenuesCosts and Revenues
Photos of different wind machinesPhotos of different wind machinesAnswer questionsAnswer questions
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
4/24
Wind electric generation basics (orWind electric generation basics (or
any electric generation)any electric generation)Identify loads and energy requirements of HostIdentify loads and energy requirements of Host
Estimate fuel costsEstimate fuel costs
Select candidate generator and Balance of SystemSelect candidate generator and Balance of System
If interconnecting, utility agreementIf interconnecting, utility agreement
Identify funding sourcesIdentify funding sources
Calculate economicsCalculate economics
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
5/24
Power and Energy ConceptsPower and Energy Concepts
All generators have capacity to make power out ofAll generators have capacity to make power out ofsome fuel (energy conversion). KiloWattsome fuel (energy conversion). KiloWatt
Producing this power for a period of time is calledProducing this power for a period of time is calledEnergy. KiloWatt-HourEnergy. KiloWatt-Hour
Voltage is to electric power as height is to waterVoltage is to electric power as height is to waterpower.power.
Current is to electric power as flow rate is to waterCurrent is to electric power as flow rate is to waterpower.power.
There are always losses.There are always losses.
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
6/24
Power and Energy ConceptsPower and Energy ConceptsWe have to provide the power needed to runWe have to provide the power needed to run
our equipment (pump, lights, whatever).our equipment (pump, lights, whatever).
If we are going to make our own power, weIf we are going to make our own power, we
have to size the generator to meet the powerhave to size the generator to meet the powerrequirements (also called demand of therequirements (also called demand of the
equipment).equipment).
How much of the time the equipment runs thenHow much of the time the equipment runs then
determines how much energy the equipmentdetermines how much energy the equipmentuses, and how much energy the generatoruses, and how much energy the generator
has to make.has to make.
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
7/24
Power and Energy ConceptsPower and Energy ConceptsWind and solar energy is intermittentWind and solar energy is intermittent
Can use as is, or can be stored in water tank,Can use as is, or can be stored in water tank,
pond, or electric storage batteries.pond, or electric storage batteries.
Larger generators (10 KW+) should be grid tiedLarger generators (10 KW+) should be grid tied
or used with thermal generatorsor used with thermal generators
(reciprocating engines for example) in a(reciprocating engines for example) in ahybrid systemhybrid system
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
8/24
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
9/24
Identify loads and energyIdentify loads and energy
requirements of Hostrequirements of Host For water pumping, calculate the powerFor water pumping, calculate the power
requirements based on the depth of the wellrequirements based on the depth of the well
and the flow rate needed.and the flow rate needed. KW=.00034*gallons per minute*head/efficiencyKW=.00034*gallons per minute*head/efficiency
KWh=KW*time pump runsKWh=KW*time pump runs
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
10/24
Identify loads and energyIdentify loads and energy
requirements of Hostrequirements of Host For irrigation systems, energy is based on acreFor irrigation systems, energy is based on acre
feet required, total dynamic head of the system,feet required, total dynamic head of the system,
and the plant efficiencyand the plant efficiency KW=total equipment load/EfficiencyKW=total equipment load/Efficiency
(KWh=acre-feet*1.0241*head/efficiency)(KWh=acre-feet*1.0241*head/efficiency)
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
11/24
Wind Energy BasicsWind Energy Basics Gotta have windGotta have wind
Gotta have transmissionGotta have transmission
Gotta have a customerGotta have a customer Gotta have financingGotta have financing
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
12/24
Match Generator with Load andMatch Generator with Load and
Wind ResourceWind ResourceHost energy useHost energy use
Energy Usage
0
2000040000
60000
80000
100000120000
140000
200
206
200
208
200
210
200
212
200
302
200
304
200
306
200
308
200
310
200
312
200
402
200
404
200
406
200
408
YYYYMM
KWh 240000200000
210000
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
13/24
Match Generator with Load andMatch Generator with Load and
Wind ResourceWind ResourceGenerator Power CurveGenerator Power Curve
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
14/24
Match Generator with Load andMatch Generator with Load and
Wind ResourceWind ResourceWind Frequency DistributionWind Frequency Distribution
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
15/24
Match Generator with Load andMatch Generator with Load and
Wind ResourceWind ResourceHand Calculation of Energy ProductionHand Calculation of Energy Production
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
16/24
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
17/24
Match Generator with Load andMatch Generator with Load and
Wind Resource Quick andWind Resource Quick and
Dirty VersionDirty VersionSee generator manufacturers web sitesSee generator manufacturers web sites
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
18/24
Match Generator with Load andMatch Generator with Load and
Wind ResourceWind ResourceStock wateringStock watering
300 ft well, 2.0 GPM Requires 260 watts -300 ft well, 2.0 GPM Requires 260 watts -
0.26 KWh each hour, 120 GPH 22770.26 KWh each hour, 120 GPH 2277KWh per yearKWh per year
Pick a 1000 watt generatorPick a 1000 watt generator
Use a battery, controller and dump loadUse a battery, controller and dump load
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
19/24
Cost Analysis ToolsCost Analysis Tools
Small Wind Energy Economic Model 2.0
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
20/24
Net MeteringNet Metering
On-Grid Larger System (10KW up)
Up to 10 KW on Most Rural Electric CooperativesUp to 50 KW on NorthWestern EnergyGenerator Located on Customer Side of Meter
One Generator per MeterOne Meter per GeneratorRate is same as rate on power bill ($100.00/MWh)Generator Does Not Contribute to Demand Charge (Energy
Only)
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
21/24
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
22/24
Net Metering PonderablesNet Metering Ponderables
One meter, Two meter questionOne generator, two meter question
What the heck is Retail energy
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
23/24
Utility Contract QFUtility Contract QF
Qualifying Facility under PURPALimit 10 MW in Montana
Different ways to calculate rateSimplest rate $49.90 per MWH Bigger Machines 65 KW- 1.5 MW+
8/14/2019 wind powered electric energy generation
24/24
ResourcesResources
http://www.nrel.gov/learning/fr_wind.html
http://www.montanagreenpower.com/http://www.northwesternenergy.com/
http://awea.org
http://www.nrel.gov/learning/fr_wind.htmlhttp://www.northwesternenergy.com/http://www.northwesternenergy.com/http://www.nrel.gov/learning/fr_wind.html