Post on 30-Dec-2015
Wildlife Tracker: Complete Design
Review
MSD I
Team P14347
Team P14347 “Arrow Guys” & Introduction
Member Role
Eric Peterson Team Leader / EE
Alex Pelkey ME
Joseph Ciccarello EE
Frank Meola EE
Timothy Nash ME
AgendaProgress ReportProject BackgroundSystem AnalysisMechanical AnalysisElectrical AnalysisRisk AssessmentTest PlanMSD II PlanQuestions
Progress Report
Google Maps API programming has been explored User Device Module Block Diagram Established (w/ Pin
Connections) Arrow Attachment Deviation Experiment has been conducted Microcontroller selected Budget Finalized BOM refinement is in progress Received Linx Technology products
Previous Questions: Further FCC regulations, 1W for a transmission of digitally
modulated signals in our bandwidth (902-928 MHz) Using one active antenna on each device, multiple miniature
embedded antennas on the arrow attachment
Current & Desired State Injured animals can travel substantial distances, may be
difficult to track Game which has been shot and cannot be found leads to
more animal deaths and inefficient hunting Wildlife Tracker will detach from arrow and remain attached
to animal Handheld device will provide GPS location of animal
StakeholdersPrimary Customer: Dr. Eli SaberFaculty Guide: Art NorthEnd Users: Bow HuntersOther: Hunting Stores/Distributors, Game Wardens,
Environmental Activists, Linx TechnologiesMSD Team 14347
Project Deliverables Durable re-attachable tracking device that connects onto an
arrow Handheld user device that monitors the location of the GPS
attachment ‘Second Chance’ retrieval feature (In case shot is not fatal) Intuitive, easy to understand User Manual Cellphone GPS application
Benchmarking GameVector Deer Recover System
• $399.99• 45 Grains (2.9 grams)• Battery life of 48-72 hours• Up to two mile range• Tested for bows shooting up to 300 feet per second• Currently sold out
Customer Requirements
Engineering Requirements
Functional DecompositionLocate Wildlife
Attach to Arrow
Access Arrow
Attach to Wildlife
Does not alter Shot
Detach from Arrow
Link to Animal
Remains attached during
Flight
Protect Functional Integrity
Safeguard Electronics
Indicate Location of Attachment
Device
Transmit Signal
Activate Transmitter
Receive Signal
Activate Receiver
Process and Interpret Signal
Morphological Analysis
Solutions
Sub-Functions
1 2 3 4 5
Attach to ArrowSpring-Dowel
PinClip Adhesive Magnet
Attach to Wildlife
Barbed Hook Pronged TipSpring-Activated
ClampRetractable
Prongs
Transmit/Receive Signal
Transponder WiMAXCell Phone
SignalRadio Waves
Indicate Location
Audio Speaker LCD MapVisual-Blinking
LEDCellphone Integration
Dial Indicator
Protect Functional Integrity
EnclosurePotting
CompoundAirbags?
Activate Transmitter
Accelerometer On/off switchAnimal Circuit
Activation
Physical Architecture
RF Receiver
RX Antenna
RF Transmitter
Battery
Arrow Clip
GPS Satellites
Arrow Attachment Handheld Device
Tx Antenna
GPS Receiver
Audio Jack
GPS Receiver
Google Maps
Microcontroller
Hide Hook
Active Antenna(s)
iPhone
On/Off Switch
Bow Efficiency vs Arrow Weight
Example
B.W. Kooi - “On the Mechanics of the Bow and Arrow”
Front of CenterInputs Value UnitsBroadhead Weight 100 GrainsBroadhead Length 1.5 inchesArrow Weight 450 GrainsArrow Length 32 inchesAttachment Placement behind Broadhead 2 inchesLow FOC 7.00%High FOC 15.00%
Center of Gravity CalculationsShaft COG 0.4064 mBroadhead COG 0.82423 mAttachment COG 0.7874 m
Optimal C.O.G. CalculationsL 0.8509 mLow COG 0.485013 mHigh COG 0.553085 m
Force CalculationsLow Broadhead contribution 0.002198 NmLow Shaft contribution 0.002292 NmHigh Broadhead contribution 0.001757 NmHigh Shaft contribution 0.004277 Nm
Minimum Attachment Weight 0.311612 gramsMaxiumum Attachment Weight 10.75592 grams
Minimum Attachment Weight 4.808904 grainsMaxiumum Attachment Weight 165.9892 grains
Optimal F.O.C values were found at Goldtip.com and ArcheryReport.com
Arrow Trajectory
Inputs for Trajectory with DragInitial Velocity 231 ft/s
70 m/sLaunch Angle (from slider) 0.000 degreebow angle 0.000Launch height (eye=0) 1 metersDrag Coefficient 1.25000 (1/m)Drag Power 1.0Projectile Mass 550 grains
0.03564 kg
CALCULATIONS FOR VELOCITYArrow Mass 0.03564 kgBow Weight 65 ft lbsEnergy 88.127 J oules
Muzzle Velocity 70.3233018 m/sMuzzle Velocity 230.719502 ft/s
Form Factors
Arrow Flight Test
Test ProcedureBow sights calibrated for regular arrow5 shots fired from 20 meters of each designX and Y Distances measure from bulls-eyeCalculate mean, median, standard deviation…
etc
Test Attachments
400 Grain Carbon Arrows with 125 Grain Field Tips 65lb Martin “MAG CAT” Compound Bow
Attachment Weight Total Weightgrams grams
Arrow - 34.02Tapered Obround 43.1 77.12Obround 55.15 89.17Tapered 45.75 79.77Streamline 55.23 89.25
Testing Photos
Arrow Flight TestAverage Distance
mm X Y DistanceBaseline 19.45 12.44 19.01 16.34Tapered Obround 399.12 12.44 35.56 35.39Obround 833.66 25.90 233.02 232.74Tapered 350.92 55.65 52.30 51.60Streamline 270.34 22.14 34.45 33.77
Standard Deviation (mm)
Other Testing Notes
The attachments ended up being much heavier than expected
Arrow speed was not measured but was visibly slower for all attachments
All attachments except the streamline were very loud when traveling through the air
Experimental Video to display
Arrow Attachment Device Electronics
User Device Electronics
GPS Receiver
Linx Technologies RXM-GPS-RM Includes evaluation kit Operating Voltage: 3.0-4.3V (Typically 3.3V) Supply Current: 12-14mA (Peak of 44mA) NMEA Output Messages Embedded Ceramic Antenna (not included)
GPS Receiver
RF Transceiver
Linx Technologies TRM-915-R250 No evaluation kit included, plan to substitute using Raspberry
Pi Operating Voltage: 3.3V Supply Current: Receive: 25mA Transmit: 60-200mA
Frequency: 902-928MHz Can transmit to distances of up to 4km Relying on newer model being released this summer
Microcontroller Made by Microchip Technology Programmable Intelligent Computer
Low Cost Widely Used Serial Programming in C
MPLAB Free IDE provided by Microchip
Operating Current 175μA
Operating Voltage 2.0V – 5.5V
Antenna Selection TX Antenna:
66089 Series by Anaren 915MHz center frequency SWR <1.7 typical Gain: 3dBi Quarter wave
RX Antenna: ANT-916 by Linx 916MHz center frequency SWR <1.9 typical Gain: 1.8dBi Quarter wave
GPS Antenna: W3011A by Pulse Electronics Ceramic Gain: 3-3.3dBi 1.575GHz center frequency Surface mount
Conceptual Model of User Device
Power Consumption
Arrow Attachment Electronics
DevicePower Consumption
(mW)GPS Receiver 42.9RF Transmitter 330
Total: 372.9
User Device Electronics
DevicePower Consumption
(mW)RF Receiver 25
Microcontroller 1Total: 30
𝑃=𝑉 ∗𝐼
Google Maps Integration
Handheld Device
Receive GPS Coordinates
Display Phone
Location
Display GPS
Coordinate Location
Store Locations
on the Cloud as a
“Map”
Google MapsHandheld Device Application
Relay GPS Coordinates to Google
Maps
Sends Save Command to Google Maps
Google Maps API
ID Risk Item Effect CauseLikelihood
Severity
Importance
Action to Minimize Risk Owner
1 Effect on flight of the arrowThe attachment could cause an inaccurate
shot
The aerodynamics of the arrow become
faulty3 3 9
Ensure the aerodynamics of the arrow are unaffected by the
attachmentTim/Alex
2 Range of the DeviceLocation of the animal
unknown
The animal becomes out of range of the
device3 3 9 Wireless data transmission test Eric/Joe/Frank
3Enough holding force for
the attachment to the arrow
Tracker doesn’t stay on arrow during flight or
impact
Not enough holding force to the arrow
3 3 9Test by applying a pulling force to
the attachment of the arrowTim/Alex
4Unfamiliarity with wireless
Transmitting/Receiving
Difficulties choosing the best method for signal
translation
Lack of RF/wireless transmission knowledge
3 3 9Seek help from an expert in the
signals field (ie. Dr. Amuso)Eric/Joe/Frank
5 Circuitry size constraintWeight and size of arrow becomes too
robust
Unnecessary circuitry
3 3 9Keep the circuitry small enough to
fit into your palmEric/Joe/Frank
6Placement of mechanism
onto arrow
Cause injury/ harm to the user or effect the accuracy of the shot
Placing the device towards the butt of
the arrow3 3 9
Avoid placing the device towards the back or mid section of the arrow
Tim/Alex
7 Transceiver Dimensions Increases arrow attachment size
To fit the transceiver, the attachment will have to be enlarged
3 2 6Adjust arrow dynamics of the arrow
attachment, or find a smaller RF transceiver
P14347
Risk Assessment A
Risk Assessment BID Risk Item Effect Cause
Likelihood
Severity
Importance
Action to Minimize Risk Owner
8 Loss of Signal Transmission Animal becomes lost
Heavily wooded areas or obstacles blocking
the signal of the attachment to the user
device
2 3 6
Explore all frequencies for which the RF components can operate on, and select the frequency which provides the most
minimal interference
Eric/Joe/Frank
9 Animal falling on top of attachment
The signals from the attachment will be
seriously if not completely attenuated
The body of the animal causes a median, for which signals cannot
pass through
2 3 6Operate in a range of frequency, which
signals can pass through the deer carcass
Team P14347
10 Detachability of the device
If the device doesn’t detach the attachment
could block the penetration of the shot
Faulty detachment mechanism
2 2 4Test the device on different material
surfacesTim/Alex
11 Part Lead Times Delays in the projection Procrastination 2 2 4Ensure the parts are ordered ahead
of schedule Team P14347
12Avoiding Patent
InfringementProduct can’t go to
marketLack of attention to detail and patents
1 2 2Be aware and research all current
restraints by patentsTeam P14347
13Durability of attachment
(Reusability)
Device is fragile and requires replacing
periodically
Weak materials and poor construction of
device2 1 2
Ensure that weak, brittle materials are a last resort
Tim/Alex
14 Budget Conservation Going over budget Poor budgeting 1 1 1 Draft and follow a strict budget Team P14347
15 Geometry of the deviceAn alarming sound, alerting the animal
Bulky geometry 1 1 1Computation model of the aerodynamic drag of the
attachmentTim/Alex
Test Plan
Bill of Materials
Project Plan for MSD II
Prototyping Design3D Printing Enclosures
Application Development (for Google Maps Integration)
Integrate the User Device ModuleMonitor budgetTest for engineering requirementsUtilize summer for further progress
Questions?