Post on 18-Dec-2015
““While No Official While No Official Grievance Has Been Grievance Has Been
Filed . . . “Filed . . . “
The Evolving Role of The Evolving Role of
Community Policing on CampusCommunity Policing on Campus
Draft 6-1-10Draft 6-1-10
Elizabeth CahnElizabeth Cahn
Planning and Community Outreach Planning and Community Outreach Coordinator, 2007-2010Coordinator, 2007-2010 Mount Holyoke College Mount Holyoke College 2007+2007+ Hampshire CollegeHampshire College 2008+2008+ Smith CollegeSmith College 2009+2009+
Goals of PresentationGoals of Presentation
Community policingCommunity policing DefinitionsDefinitions HistoryHistory ChallengesChallenges
Case studiesCase studies
Outreach, complaints, profilingOutreach, complaints, profiling
Important lessonsImportant lessons
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
ChallengesChallenges Time, scheduling, and definitions of Time, scheduling, and definitions of
productivityproductivity Not all staff are equally skilled or interestedNot all staff are equally skilled or interested Campus community norms and values around Campus community norms and values around
police and authority vary enormouslypolice and authority vary enormously Increased officer visibility may increase Increased officer visibility may increase
negative responsesnegative responses
Community PolicingCommunity Policing
Case StudiesCase Studies Michigan State University, 1999Michigan State University, 1999 Harvard University, 2003Harvard University, 2003
Mount Holyoke CollegeMount Holyoke College Hampshire CollegeHampshire College Smith CollegeSmith College
Mount Holyoke modelMount Holyoke model
Three elite undergraduate liberal arts Three elite undergraduate liberal arts colleges in western Massachusettscolleges in western Massachusetts Traditional college age populationsTraditional college age populations Millenial generation characteristicsMillenial generation characteristics Increasingly diverse campus communitiesIncreasingly diverse campus communities
Gender and gender identitiesGender and gender identities
Race, ethnicity, nationalityRace, ethnicity, nationality
Sexual orientationSexual orientation
Intellectual and activist identitiesIntellectual and activist identities
Mount Holyoke modelMount Holyoke model
Civilian outreach model – 1.0 FTECivilian outreach model – 1.0 FTEFour approximately equal parts --Four approximately equal parts -- Intradepartment workIntradepartment work Easy, obvious outreachEasy, obvious outreach Extremely difficult outreachExtremely difficult outreach What the community brings forwardWhat the community brings forward
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
Intradepartmental workIntradepartmental work Advise Director/Chief and Senior CommandAdvise Director/Chief and Senior Command Understand department functioning, Understand department functioning,
strengths, and challengesstrengths, and challenges Know the staff and their concernsKnow the staff and their concerns Know policies and procedures that affect Know policies and procedures that affect
campus most stronglycampus most strongly Assist in identifying and developing trainings Assist in identifying and developing trainings
and outreach opportunities for othersand outreach opportunities for others
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
Easy, obvious outreachEasy, obvious outreach Work on sexual assault and domestic Work on sexual assault and domestic
violence issues with other on-campus and violence issues with other on-campus and off-campus groupsoff-campus groups
Work with student groups that are open to Work with student groups that are open to collaboration with public safety/policecollaboration with public safety/police
Work with staff/faculty individuals and groups Work with staff/faculty individuals and groups on campus safety on campus safety
Create collaborative groups where possibleCreate collaborative groups where possible
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
Extremely difficult outreachExtremely difficult outreach Connect to groups that typically distrust Connect to groups that typically distrust
police/public safetypolice/public safetyStudents of color, international and LGBT studentsStudents of color, international and LGBT students
FacultyFaculty
Activists, anarchists Activists, anarchists Connect to individuals who have reason to Connect to individuals who have reason to
distrust police/public safetydistrust police/public safetySome will be part of organized groups, some notSome will be part of organized groups, some not
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
Extremely difficult outreachExtremely difficult outreach Systematic desensitization of the campus Systematic desensitization of the campus
community to public safety/policecommunity to public safety/police Enter spaces, places, meetings, events where Enter spaces, places, meetings, events where
a uniformed officer or high level public safety a uniformed officer or high level public safety staff member will cause alarmstaff member will cause alarm
Connect to marginalized groups in a low-key Connect to marginalized groups in a low-key wayway
Introduce profiling as a topic of concern to Introduce profiling as a topic of concern to department as well as campusdepartment as well as campus
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
What the community brings forwardWhat the community brings forward
Issues includeIssues include Presence of police/security on campusPresence of police/security on campus Power and authority (including weapons)Power and authority (including weapons) Specific responsesSpecific responses Profiling and hate crimesProfiling and hate crimes Triangulation of public safety/police into other Triangulation of public safety/police into other
campus issues and concernscampus issues and concerns
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
Disadvantages of civilian outreachDisadvantages of civilian outreach Finding the right personFinding the right person Not fully identified with departmentNot fully identified with department Has to earn trust of members of departmentHas to earn trust of members of department Trust will never be completeTrust will never be complete Can be difficult to allow “outsider” access to Can be difficult to allow “outsider” access to
TrainingTraining
PolicyPolicy
DisciplineDiscipline
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
AdvantagesAdvantages Not fully identified with departmentNot fully identified with department No uniform, no enforcement role or No uniform, no enforcement role or
responsibilitiesresponsibilities More able to gain trust of community More able to gain trust of community
membersmembers Can represent department to the community Can represent department to the community
in useful waysin useful ways Can engage community in self-critique around Can engage community in self-critique around
issues of authority and enforcementissues of authority and enforcement
Civilian OutreachCivilian Outreach
Qualities of civilian outreach personnelQualities of civilian outreach personnel Excellent social skillsExcellent social skills Excellent communication skillsExcellent communication skills Know something about public safetyKnow something about public safety Know your institutionKnow your institution Able to be in uncomfortable situations with Able to be in uncomfortable situations with
people they don’t knowpeople they don’t know Able to tolerate incommensurable views of the Able to tolerate incommensurable views of the
world simultaneouslyworld simultaneously
Special ProjectsSpecial Projects
MHACASA Collaboration, Mount Holyoke MHACASA Collaboration, Mount Holyoke College, 2008-2009College, 2008-2009 Mount Holyoke College African and Mount Holyoke College African and
Caribbean Student Association participated in Caribbean Student Association participated in a year-long collaboration with DPS, including a year-long collaboration with DPS, including reciprocal social events, adoption of staff by reciprocal social events, adoption of staff by students, and participation in public projects.students, and participation in public projects.
Student leadership helped minimize student Student leadership helped minimize student reaction to allegations of profilingreaction to allegations of profiling
Special ProjectsSpecial Projects
Parking ticket study, Mount Holyoke Parking ticket study, Mount Holyoke College, 2008-2009College, 2008-2009 Member of the riding team analyzed two years Member of the riding team analyzed two years
of parking data for a class projectof parking data for a class project Research found that members of the riding Research found that members of the riding
team with cars on campus earn parking team with cars on campus earn parking tickets at 2.5 times the rate of other MHC tickets at 2.5 times the rate of other MHC students with cars.students with cars.
Special ProjectsSpecial Projects
Multicultural Community and Campus Life Multicultural Community and Campus Life Committee (MCCL), Mount Holyoke Committee (MCCL), Mount Holyoke College, 2009-2010College, 2009-2010 Represented Department of Public Safety on Represented Department of Public Safety on
campus-wide committee to address campus campus-wide committee to address campus climate on diversityclimate on diversity
Represented a different side of Public Safety Represented a different side of Public Safety to committee membershipto committee membership
Developed relationships with campus leaders Developed relationships with campus leaders on diversityon diversity
Special ProjectsSpecial Projects
Transgender Policy and Training, Transgender Policy and Training, Hampshire College, 2009-2010Hampshire College, 2009-2010 Participated in public meeting about arrestsParticipated in public meeting about arrests Engaged in long-term behind-the-scenes work Engaged in long-term behind-the-scenes work
with staff inside and outside departmentwith staff inside and outside department Worked with student committee to create Worked with student committee to create
open forums about student rightsopen forums about student rights Met with individual students at Hampshire and Met with individual students at Hampshire and
Mount Holyoke for remainder of academic Mount Holyoke for remainder of academic yearyear
Special ProjectsSpecial Projects
Community Relations Training, 2010Community Relations Training, 2010 Developed training on community relations Developed training on community relations
using the Henry Louis Gates, Jr. arrest by using the Henry Louis Gates, Jr. arrest by Sergeant James Crowley as a case studySergeant James Crowley as a case study
Utilized Intergroup Dialogue methodsUtilized Intergroup Dialogue methods Two department staff are already trained as Two department staff are already trained as
facilitators facilitators Additional staff are being trained this yearAdditional staff are being trained this year
Special ProjectsSpecial Projects
Five College Public Safety Community Five College Public Safety Community Outreach groupOutreach group Initiated cross-campus discussions about Initiated cross-campus discussions about
public safety and policingpublic safety and policing Included public safety, police, deans, student Included public safety, police, deans, student
life and multicultural affairs staff, and ombuds life and multicultural affairs staff, and ombuds officesoffices
Outreach to SGA leaders, student activities Outreach to SGA leaders, student activities staff, local police departments, mental health staff, local police departments, mental health counselorscounselors
Special ProjectsSpecial Projects
Ideas I want to tryIdeas I want to try Community dialogue projects using Intergroup Community dialogue projects using Intergroup
Dialogue methods with students, staff, facultyDialogue methods with students, staff, faculty Programming with ombuds staff on outreach, Programming with ombuds staff on outreach,
training, and response to incidents and training, and response to incidents and allegationsallegations
Watch crime/legal TV shows with Dean of the Watch crime/legal TV shows with Dean of the College and Senior Detective College and Senior Detective
ComplaintsComplaints
Every complaint is an opportunityEvery complaint is an opportunity Respond formally and informallyRespond formally and informally
Assess your campus issuesAssess your campus issues Voice the unspoken concernsVoice the unspoken concerns Work ahead of the complaintsWork ahead of the complaints Build a track record of respondingBuild a track record of responding Publicize it every yearPublicize it every year
Engage and follow upEngage and follow up
ProfilingProfiling
Be realistic about campus beliefsBe realistic about campus beliefs Race-based values/experiencesRace-based values/experiences Class-based values/experiencesClass-based values/experiences Intellectual biases against police/authorityIntellectual biases against police/authority Activist biases against police/authorityActivist biases against police/authority
Role of projection and fearRole of projection and fear Personal, family, subculture, culturePersonal, family, subculture, culture Media and social mediaMedia and social media
ProfilingProfiling
Every bad cop anywhere who profiles Every bad cop anywhere who profiles reflects poorly on your departmentreflects poorly on your department Initiate topic and discussion of profilingInitiate topic and discussion of profiling
Definitions of profiling vary by standpointDefinitions of profiling vary by standpoint
Educate about your policy and trainingEducate about your policy and training ComplaintsComplaints
Educate about how to file formal complaintsEducate about how to file formal complaints
Respond quickly to informal complaintsRespond quickly to informal complaints
Complaints may increase, at least for a timeComplaints may increase, at least for a time
ProfilingProfiling
Analytic frames are not equalAnalytic frames are not equal The people who feel safe don’t need to The people who feel safe don’t need to
complain, and the people who don’t feel safe complain, and the people who don’t feel safe don’t feel safe enough to complaindon’t feel safe enough to complain
Stay in the dialogue and follow upStay in the dialogue and follow upIncreased transparency and accountability Increased transparency and accountability go both waysgo both waysHold your department and the campus Hold your department and the campus community to a higher standardcommunity to a higher standard
Principles of OutreachPrinciples of Outreach
Do it or don’t do itDo it or don’t do it
Run your department wellRun your department well
Be sincere, not perfectBe sincere, not perfect
Keep an educational focusKeep an educational focus
Build relationships for the long termBuild relationships for the long term
Reach out to key people, not everyoneReach out to key people, not everyone
Look for strategic opportunitiesLook for strategic opportunities
Principles of OutreachPrinciples of Outreach
Show up in unexpected places and at Show up in unexpected places and at unexpected timesunexpected times
Be respectful of community boundariesBe respectful of community boundaries
If you can’t work directly, work indirectlyIf you can’t work directly, work indirectly
Connect to those who can translateConnect to those who can translate
Plant seeds, water them, and waitPlant seeds, water them, and wait
It’s not always who you know, but who It’s not always who you know, but who knows youknows you