Where Have All The Bees Gone?

U.S. National Pollinating Insects Museum

> 1 million specimens> 1 million specimens Approx. 70% databasedApprox. 70% databased > 300,000 records served on GBIF> 300,000 records served on GBIF

Preservation

Most net collected in cyanideMost net collected in cyanide Some pan traps (6 hours) 70% alcoholSome pan traps (6 hours) 70% alcohol Museum: dry environmentMuseum: dry environment

Systematic (≥3 yrs., all season)

Preliminary

70K

90K 95K

24K

7K

12K

328

333

656

401 689290

363

545

220

>

235

Diverse Faunas

Systematic (≥3 yrs., all season)

Preliminary

Many new species

10

1323

57

40

15

19

4

Map of collection sites world

> 1997> 1997 >1987>1987

Distribution of Holdings

10 Years

Distribution of Holdings

20 Years

Distribution of Holdings

10 Years

Distribution of Holdings10 Years

Holdings by Nation: W Hemisphere

Continent Nation ≤10 Years ≤20 Years

N America Costa Rica 25 30,912

Mexico 1,063 6,258

USA 391,544 476,577

S America Argentina 7,154 8,276

Bolivia 8,838 8,838

Chile 2,583 2,859

Holdings by Nation: E. Hemisphere

Continent Nation ≤10 Years ≤20 Years

Africa Madagascar 3,575 3,853

Mauritius 140 140

Namibia 344

South Africa 9,215 9,297

Australia Australia 13,673 13,850

Eurasia Greece 132 132

Hungary 5,578 5,578

Israel 240 244

Pakistan 259

Sri Lanka 304 308

Taxon EmphasisFamily Subfamily ≤ 10 Years ≤ 20 Years

Colletidae Colletinae 8,946 13,234

Diphaglossinae 32 603

Euryglossinae 5 87

Hylaeinae 10,422 12,240

Andrenidae Andreninae 12,424 16,040

Panurginae 59,333 68,896

Halictidae Halictinae 96,840 118,062

Nomiinae 462 742

Rophitinae 2,577 4,169

Melittidae 5,053 6,327

Megachilidae Fideliinae 33 110

Megachilinae 52,412 75,612

Apidae Apinae 41,239 64,486

Nomadinae 3,696 5,995

Xylocopinae 9,471 11,988

Proportion of U. S. fauna

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

10 Years20 YearsIn CollectionDescribed

Proportion of U. S. fauna(w/o Sphecodes, Dialictus & Evylaeus)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

10 Years20 YearsIn CollectionDescribed

World Colletes Holdings

050

100150200250

300350400450500

10 Years20 YearsIn CollectionDescribed

Incomplete

GeoreferencingGeoreferencingMexicoMexico

Determination of unidentifiedDetermination of unidentifiedAustralia & South AmericaAustralia & South America

DigitizationDigitizationLong-tongued non-USLong-tongued non-US

Miles to go before I sleepMiles to go before I sleep

and miles to go before I sleepand miles to go before I sleep