What makes a good or bad President?

PARTISAN POLITICS

Chapter 4 Section 2

Chief Little Turtle• General Harmar sent to eliminate Indian threat in

Ohio area– Soundly beat by Little Turtle 1790

• Governor of NW Territories, St. Clair, sent next– Soundly beat by Little Turtle 1791– 623 Killed

• Causes panic in America• Better solution necessary

General Mad Anthony Wayne

• Defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers in 1794.

• Treaty of Greenville

• Reorganizes American Military

Jay’s Treaty

• Great Britain began stopping American ships going to France

• Removed remaining British troops from American territory

• Improves relations Between the US & UK– Still having ships and men captured by UK

Pinckney’s Treaty

• Made with Spain in 1795• Gave the US the right to navigate the MS River

to New Orleans• Good for western farmers

Quasi-War with France

• As a result of Jay’s Treaty, France began stopping American ships bound for Briton.

• Ships battling in Caribbean

XYZ Affair

• 3 representatives were sent to France to work things out to prevent war

• Talleyrand, the French Foreign Minister asked for a bribe of $250,000 just to begin talks.– Loan of 12 million

• Pinckney’s response, “Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute.”

• Calls for war with France

XYZ

• Causes anger in American public– Pres. Adams beefs up navy

• Until 1800 the US Navy was to capture French ships at sea.

• The Convention of 1800 ended the Quasi-War w./ France.

The Alien & Sedition Acts

• New political party the Republicans rivaling Federalists

• The Federalist passed Acts to stifle the Democratic-Republicans’ criticism.

• Extended the requirements to become a citizen– Could export immigrants

• Prevented people from speaking out against the Govt leaders

1800 Election

• John Adams was running for reelection – Federalist– Alien & Sedition Acts angered many– VP Jefferson undercut him constantly

• Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr were the Dem. Rep. – Against taxes & the Ntl. Bank

Election of 1800

• Tie between Jefferson and Burr• House was split & ended in a tie also• Feb. 1801, Fed. James Bayard cast a blank

ballot so Jefferson would win.• Presidential power transferred from one party

to another PEACABLY.• Federalists had control of Congress and the

army but did the right thing

What does Jefferson mean in this quote?

JEFFERSON IN OFFICEChapter 4 Section 3

Jefferson’s Administration

• The Louisiana Purchase was offered by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1803.– April 30, 1803 bought for $11.5 million – Took on French debts owed to Americans– Total cost being $15 million

• Doubled the size of the U.S.• Jefferson struggled with the purchase b/c it

was not in the Constitution

About $250 Million Today

Lewis & Clark

• Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were to lead a secret expedition to follow the Missouri R. to see if it led to the Pacific – George Rogers Clark’s brother

• Wintered in IL until May of 1804 when they began their journey up the Missouri River

Lewis & Clark• Met Sacagawea would joined them and acted

as an interpreter.– She brought an infant the whole way

Marbury v. Madison

• Judicial Review est. under Chief Justice John Marshall– Courts can determine the constitutionality of laws

passed by Congress.• “A Law repugnant to the Constitution is void”• John Marshall

– Gave Supreme Court equal standing with the rest of the government

Barbary Pirates

• N. African states were forcing European countries to pay to pass unmolested

• 1801, Jefferson refused to continue payment and Tripoli declared war

• 1805 marines land and threaten to force a coup in Tripoli– Improves situation

• 1815 final ending

Economic Warfare

• 1803 UK & France were at war• Originally benefitted US merchants• 1806 GB announced ships going to Europe

needed licenses – If not searched for contraband

• France said anyone dealing with GB would have their goods taken

• NO WIN situation

Impressment

• UK was low on troops for the war with France • Boarded US ships to get deserters and

American sailors

• June 1807 the Leopard stopped the Chesapeake but could not board

• Fired & killed 3 Americans & seized 4

Embargo of 1807

• Halting trade between US & Europe• Hoped to force peace• Repealed in 1809 because it hurt US more

than anyone else

• Inspired manufacturing growth in US

THE DECISION FOR WARChapter 4 Section 4

Non-Intercourse Act

• Forbid dealing with UK & France Until lifting their restrictions– Did not really work

Non-Importation Act

• France backed off trade restrictions• UK would not– NI Act passed• No UK goods in USA

– Pressured UK economy to life restrictions• June 1812 GB ended trade restrictions on the

US

The War of 1812

• June 12, 1812, war was declared between the U.S. and Great Britain

• Caused by British interference of American shipping– Impressment of sailors

• The Indians sided with the British• 1814, the British Army burned the U.S. Capitol

& the Whitehouse

• What keeps you up at night?

The War of 1812-Western Region

• 1813, Americans defeated British ships in the Battle of Lake Erie– Gave the U.S.

control of the Great Lakes

Tecumseh • Tried to create an Indian Confederacy to

expel the US from the Ohio Territory– While gone, his army was beat by the US at

Tippacanoe – Gen. William Henry Harrison

• Allied with Briton for the War of 1812– Recreated the Confederacy– Gathering support against USA

Tecumseh • Used similar methods as the Europeans – Large picture war as opposed to individual problems

• Brother was a prophet who started the Confederate movement– Had visions of a great unified Indian Nation

The Fort Dearborn Massacre

• Fort Dearborn built in 1803 at the important portage of the Chicago River

• Small trading operations set up around fort• John Kinzie – First permanent settler in Chicago– Typical sketchy Chicago businessman • Killed rival businessman

The War of 1812

• The new commander of Ft. Dearborn was Capt. Nathan Heald.

• Indians who prefer British control start to gather at Fort Dearborn

• Heald is ordered to abandon the fort by Gen. William Hull.• Leave all supplies to the Indians

Relief

• Support arrived from Fort Wayne, IN., led by his wife's uncle, Captain William Wells.

• Son-in-law of Chief Little Turtle of the Miamis

Wells

Captain William Wells

• Captured and raised by Miami Indians

• Previously wounded in the Battle of Fallen Timbers, 1794.– Was an American

scout

Little Turtle

The Massacre

• Heald destroyed everything that was not needed.– Breaking his agreement with the surrounding Indians

• They had traveled 1½ miles before the Indians attacked– More than 55 whites were killed • 26 regulars• All 12 militia men

– Heald & his wife were eventually able to escape.

• August 15, 1812

Rebekah’s Ordeal

• Her uncle William Wells rode ahead, turned, and circled his hat.– She interpreted this to mean they were

surrounded.• His horse was shot falling on top of him– Shot and scalped

• Heart cut out and rubbed in Rebekah’s face.

Rebekah Heald

• The wife of Captain Nathan Heald.

• Shot 6 times • She was captured and

eventually escaped.

Eleanor’s Life

• Prominent trader in • Captured at 9 by Seminole Indians• Ransomed at age 13• Married at 14 and widowed at 24 with 3

children & another on the way.• Married John Kinzie & lived in the former

house of DuSable.

Kinzie’s Escape

• John & Eleanor with their family escape the massacre by going up the Chicago River.

Juliette Gordon Low

• The Great Granddaughter of John & Eleanor (Lytle) Kinzie

• She preferred to be called, “Daisy”

• Founded the Girl Scouts on March 12, 1912.

Aftermath of Ft. Dearborn• Illinois militia is mustered and destroys Kickapoo

villages near Springfield– Militia becomes a mob and is forced to return home

The Battle of the Thames• William Henry Harrison

defeated the British & the Indians

• Tecumseh killed

• Was the last major threat to American settlement east of the Mississippi

Old Iron Sides-USS Constitution

The Battle of Horseshoe Bend• 1814, in Alabama• Andrew Jackson was the leader defeating a large Indian force • Sam Houston was a Lieutenant at battle; first over the wall

The Battle of New Orleans• January 1815, after the

signing of the Treaty of Ghent– Treaty ending the War

of 1812• The Greatest victory

for the Americans against the British

• Andrew Jackson led 4,500 volunteer troops against 11,000 British

• Made Jackson a national hero