What is Fiction? / What does Fiction do?

Stories

• Edgar Allen Poe, The Tell-Tale Heart

• Ernest Hemingway, Hills Like White Elephants

• Jay McInerney, It’s 6 AM, Do You Know Who You Are?

• Edwidge Danticat, Wall of Fire Rising

Key terms

• Settings• Narrators• Characters• Themes

Narrators

First Person NarratorsNow this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me.

You should have seen how wisely I proceeded --with what caution --with what foresight --with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it --oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly --very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! would a madman have been so wise as this, And then, when my head was well in the room, I undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiously --cautiously (for the hinges creaked) --I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights --every night just at midnight --but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber, and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he has passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.

YOU don't know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that ain't no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. That is nothing. I never seen anybody but lied one time or another, without it was Aunt Polly, or the widow, or maybe Mary. Aunt Polly -- Tom's Aunt Polly, she is -- and Mary, and the Widow Douglas is all told about in that book, which is mostly a true book, with some stretchers, as I said before.

Jonathan Harker's Journal 3 May. Bistritz. __Left Munich at 8:35 P. M, on 1st May, arriving at

Vienna early next morning; should have arrived at 6:46, but train was an hour late. Buda-Pesth seems a wonderful place, from the glimpse which I got of it from the train and the little I could walk through the streets. I feared to go very far from the station, as we had arrived late and would start as near the correct time as possible.

The impression I had was that we were leaving the West and entering the East; the most western of splendid bridges over the Danube, which is here of noble width and depth, took us among the traditions of Turkish rule.

We left in pretty good time, and came after nightfall to Klausenburgh. Here I stopped for the night at the Hotel Royale. I had for dinner, or rather supper, a chicken done up some way with red pepper, which was very good but thirsty. (Mem. get recipe for Mina.) I asked the waiter, and he said it was called "paprika hendl," and that, as it was a national dish, I should be able to get it anywhere along the Carpathians.

First Person Narrator

• Point-of-view: Limited or Subjective or Objective

• Perspective: Reliable or Unreliable• Relationship to Reader: Deepens or becomes

challenged• Relationship to story: Insider or Outsider /

Observer or Participant

Three ways to read First Person Narratives

Three ways to read First Person Narratives

Three ways to read First Person Narratives

Second Person Narrator

Third-Person Narrator

(Third Person)

He

She

It

Wall of Fire Rising

Hills Like White Elephants

Omniscient

• “Eye of God”• Knows all / sees

all / tells all• Objective• DetachedAn OBSERVER(Not much internal

perspective)

Subjective

• Limited in what it reveals

• Might tell us more about an individual moment than the whole story

• Involved• Looks into the

feelings, thoughts, perspectives, emotions

Settings

Hills Like White Elephants

The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. [...] The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went to Madrid

The Tell-Tale Heart

TRUE! --nervous --very, very dreadfully nervous I had been and am; but why will you say that I am mad? The disease had sharpened my senses --not destroyed --not dulled them. Above all was the sense of hearing acute. I heard all things in the heaven and in the earth. I heard many things in hell. How, then, am I mad? Hearken! and observe how healthily --how calmly I can tell you the whole story.

Wall of Fire Rising

“Listen to what happened today,” Guy said as he barged through the rattling door of his tiny shack.

It’s Six A.M. . . .

You are not the kind of guy who would be at a place like this at this time in the morning.

Edvard Munch – The Scream (1893)

“The mind is its own place, and in itself, can make heaven of Hell, and a hell of Heaven.” – John Milton

Ordinary World -> Special World

Hills Like White Elephants

The hills across the valley of the Ebro were long and white. On this side there was no shade and no trees and the station was between two lines of rails in the sun. [...] The American and the girl with him sat at a table in the shade, outside the building. It was very hot and the express from Barcelona would come in forty minutes. It stopped at this junction for two minutes and went to Madrid

It’s Six A.M. . . .

It’s Six A.M. . . .

You are not the kind of guy who would be at a place like this at this time in the morning.

The Tell-Tale Heart

Upon the eighth night I was more than usually cautious in opening the door. A watch's minute hand moves more quickly than did mine. Never before that night had I felt the extent of my own powers --of my sagacity. I could scarcely contain my feelings of triumph. To think that there I was, opening the door, little by little, and he not even to dream of my secret deeds or thoughts. I fairly chuckled at the idea; and perhaps he heard me; for he moved on the bed suddenly, as if startled. Now you may think that I drew back --but no. His room was as black as pitch with the thick darkness, (for the shutters were close fastened, through fear of robbers,) and so I knew that he could not see the opening of the door, and I kept pushing it on steadily, steadily.

Wall of Fire Rising

Characters

- How do we know them- What are we supposed to know about them?- How do we feel about them?- Do we identify with them?

Identification

• “You persuade a man only insofar as you can talk his language by speech, gesture, tonality, order, image, attitude, idea, identifying your ways with his.”

Slim Shady

And there's a million of us just like mewho cuss like me;

who just don't give a f*** like me

who dress like me; walk, talk and act like me

and just might be the next best thing but not quite me!

It’s 6 AM Do

You Know

Where You Are?

It’s 6 AM Do

You Know

Where You Are?

Hills Like White Elephants

Now this is the point. You fancy me mad. Madmen know nothing. But you should have seen me. You should have seen how wisely I proceeded --with what caution --with what foresight --with what dissimulation I went to work! I was never kinder to the old man than during the whole week before I killed him. And every night, about midnight, I turned the latch of his door and opened it --oh so gently! And then, when I had made an opening sufficient for my head, I put in a dark lantern, all closed, closed, that no light shone out, and then I thrust in my head. Oh, you would have laughed to see how cunningly I thrust it in! I moved it slowly --very, very slowly, so that I might not disturb the old man's sleep. It took me an hour to place my whole head within the opening so far that I could see him as he lay upon his bed. Ha! would a madman have been so wise as this, And then, when my head was well in the room, I undid the lantern cautiously-oh, so cautiously --cautiously (for the hinges creaked) --I undid it just so much that a single thin ray fell upon the vulture eye. And this I did for seven long nights --every night just at midnight --but I found the eye always closed; and so it was impossible to do the work; for it was not the old man who vexed me, but his Evil Eye. And every morning, when the day broke, I went boldly into the chamber, and spoke courageously to him, calling him by name in a hearty tone, and inquiring how he has passed the night. So you see he would have been a very profound old man, indeed, to suspect that every night, just at twelve, I looked in upon him while he slept.

The Tell-Tale Heart