What is a cell?

Diversity of Life

ESSENTIAL QUESTION

How does structure relate to function in living systems from the organismic to the cellular level?

DISCOVERING CELLS

Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

The microscope made it possible for people to discover and learn about cells. (1590)

The microscope is an instrument that makes small objects look bigger.

Compound microscopes are light microscopes that have more than one lens.

CELL THEORY

All living things are composed of cells. Cells are the basic unit of structure

and function in living things. All cells are produced from other cells.

Cell Organelles and their Functions

2 types of cells:

Eukaryotic

a cell that contains a nucleus and other structures

Prokaryotic

a cell without a nucleus; also known as bacteria

Two types of Eukaryotes:

Plant cellsAnimal cells

Plant & Animal Cells have: Nucleus Nucleolus DNA Endoplasmic Reticulum Mitochondria Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes Golgi Complex (Apparatus, Bodies) Vesicles (Different types)

Plant Cells also have:

Cell Walls Chloroplasts Large Vacuole

Animal Cells also have:

Lysosomes Many small vacuoles

The Nucleus most visible organelle in a cell control center for the cell stores the DNA that has all the

“instructions” for the cell to function correctly

The Nucleolus is a dark spot in the nucleus. It stores the materials that are used to make ribosomes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Endoplasmic Reticulum membrane covered

organelle produces lipids breaks down drugs and

other substances packages proteins to be

sent out of the cellRough ER

Mitochondria

organelle surrounded by 2 membranes breaks down food molecules to make

energy for the cell has its own DNA, separate from the

nucleus and it is passed from the mother to her offspring

Cell Membrane covers the surface of a cell acts as a barrier between the

inside of a cell and the cells’ environment

Some materials can pass through the cell membrane.

Cell Membrane continued

Cytoplasm The fluid inside of a cell that

surrounds the organelles is the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes small organelles that

can be attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum or ‘floating’ in the cytoplasm

where proteins are made from amino acids

Golgi Complex

modifies, packages, and transports materials out of the cell

Vesicles membrane-covered

compartment in a cell

forms when the part of the cell membrane surrounds a cell and pinches off

Lysosomes digest food particles, wastes,

cell parts, and foreign materials

PLANTS: Cell Wall A structure that surrounds the cell

membrane of some cells and provides protection, strength and support.

PLANTS: Chloroplasts

found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis takes

place (turning the sun’s energy into sugar for the plant.)

PLANTS: Large Vacuole

Most plants have a large, membrane-covered chamber called a vacuole.

Store water and other liquids Full vacuoles help to support the

plant; plants wilt when the vacuole is not full.