Skeletal &Muscular Systems

WHAT IS A BONE ? ?

• - Bone is a living organ made of bone cells, connective tissue, and minerals.

• - What make up our Bones?

- Cortical (compact bone)- Dense and compact (Pg. 116 in text book)

- Trabecular (spongy bone)– (Inner layers) Has a spongy honeycomb like

structure.

- Marrow – Produces white & red blood cells, & platelets.

- Why do we need these?

- (WBC) Fight infection, (RBC) Carry oxygen, help your

body form clots.

MAKE UP OF A BONE:

Hand out packets

BONES- The Skull:

- Cranium – Part of the skull that encloses the brain.

- Mandible – The Jaw.

- Sutures – Joints that connect the bones of the skull.

- Sternum - Center of Chest.

- Intercostal – Ribs. (12 on each side)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc5IRj3OJhE

YOUR SPINE

• - Made up of 33 bones:

• - Cervical (7) – Neck.

• - Thoracic (12) – Inside the ribs.

• - Lumbar (5) – Lower back.

• - Sacral (5) - Inside your pelvis.

• - Coccyx (5) - Tail bone 4 fused together.

• Vertebrae not Vertabrae

The spinal column, more commonly called the backbone, is

made up primarily of vertebrae, discs, and the spinal cord.

Acting as a communication conduit for the brain, signals are

transmitted and received through the spinal cord.

When an injury to the spinal cord occurs the flow of

information from that point down is stopped. This break in

instructions to the arms, legs, and other parts of the body will

prevent the individual from moving, sometimes breathing,

and obstructs or stops any sense of feeling or touch.

WHY IS IT SO IMPORTANT?

THE ARM

- Bones of the Arm:

- Clavicle – Collar bone.

- Scapula – Shoulder blade.

- Humerus – Upper arm

- Radius - Bigger bone of your lower arm.

- Ulna - Smaller bone of lower arm.

BONES OF THE HAND- The hand is made up of 27 bones.

- Carpals - Group of bones nearest the wrist.

- Metacarpals – Group of bones that makes

Up the palm of your hand.

- Phalanges – Finger

- 3 groups of phalanges:

- Proximal

- Intermediate

- Distal

LOWER BODY• - Bones of the Legs:

• - Femur – Thigh bone.

• - Patella – Knee cap.

• - Tibia – Shin bone.

• - Fibula – Smaller of the lower leg bones.

THE FOOT- Bones of the Foot:

- - Made up of 26 bones.

• - 3 main groups of bones:

- Tarsals – Near or under the

ankle.

- Metatarsals – Make main part of

the foot.

- Phalanges – Make up the toes.•

SKELETAL STRUCTURE

http://www.livescience.com Search: Skeletal Structure

- 206 total bones in the human body.

- Purpose of your skeleton:

- To support your body and protect your body and your

internal organs.

JOINTS

• Pivot Joint – Movement limited around a central axis.

• - Between vertebrae in your neck.

• Ball & Socket Joint – Many muscles are needed to support because these are the most

mobile of joints.

• - Shoulder & Hips.

• Hinge Joint – Back and forth movement, Convex service of one bone fits into the

concave surface of another.

• - Ankle, Elbow, Knee.

WHAT IS WHAT ?

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

Ball and Socket Joint

IDENTIFY THE BONES OF THE BODY (QUIZ)

http://study.com/academy/lesson/what-is-cartilage-function-definition-types.html

What is Cartilage:

Soft and flexible tissue, sometimes acting as

padding

between bones.

CARTILAGE: WHAT IS IT?

What role does it play in our body?

- Provides support and structure while providing a bit of flexibility.

- The in-between of bone and muscle.

- Ex: Joints, Ears, Nose, Ribs, and In-between the vertebrae in our spinal

column.

PROJECT 1 – CREATE A SYSTEM• Directions:

• - With a partner students will be assigned one of the areas of the skeletal system discussed in class

and create it.

- The systems will be:

- - Spine - Arm - Leg

- - Hand - Foot - Rib Cage

- All bones/joints must be labeled.

- You cannot use pieces of a skeleton.

- You must include a (typed) write up (paper, poster, or PowerPoint) on the importance and

how the system functions (at least two examples of how it is used and/or the purpose). On

top please include Name and class (period, grade, and day 1 or 2)

- See teacher for system specific function cues.