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What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they

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What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they

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What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they

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What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they

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What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they

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What do all these things have What do all these things have in common? How are they in common? How are they

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What do all these What do all these items have in items have in

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AnswersAnswers

OilOil

An oil rig is used to remove oil from reserves found under the ground

OilOil

An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats

OilOilOil is made from hydrocarbons chains (chains of hydrogen and carbons joined together)

OilOil

Most cars run on petrol. Petrol is made from crude oil by separating out a certain carbon length

OilOil

Crude oil straight from the ground is very thick and must be split into fractions (different carbon chain lengths) to be useful

OilOil

Hydrocarbon chains can be drawn like this

OilOil

Oil is split into fractions (different chain lengths) in a distillation column

OilOil

Plastics are made from oil

OilOil

The distillation column is used to separate the mixture of different oils (made of different lengths of carbon chain). This diagram shows what they are used for

OilOil

An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats

OilOil

Jets use kerosene in their engines which is a medium length hydrocarbon

OilOil

An oil spills can cover beaches and have a huge impact on marine and costal habitats

L.O. L.O. To know what crude oil is To know what crude oil is made from and to be able to made from and to be able to

represent Alkanes represent Alkanes

Crude Oil and Crude Oil and AlkanesAlkanes

Oil and gas formationOil and gas formation

Can you use these pictures to explain how Can you use these pictures to explain how oil is formed? (They aren’t in the correct oil is formed? (They aren’t in the correct

order)order)

20/04/23Hydrocarbons and crude Hydrocarbons and crude oiloil

Longer chains mean…

1. Less ability to flow

2. Less flammable

3. Less volatile (ease to

vaporise)

4. Higher boiling point

5. Darker colours

Incre

asin

g le

ng

th

Crude oil is a mixture of HYDROCARBONS (compounds made up of carbon and hydrogen). Some examples:

Ethane

C C

HH

H

HH

H

Butane

C C

HH H

HH

H C C H

H

HH

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AlkanesAlkanesAlkanes are SATURATED HYDROCARBONS. What does this mean?

HYDROCARBONS are molecules that are made up of hydrogen and carbon atoms

SATURATED means that all of these atoms are held together by single bonds, for example:

Ethane

Alkanes are fairly unreactive (but they do burn well). The general formula for an alkane is CnH2n+2

C C

HH

H

HH

H

Butane

C C

HH H

HH

H C C H

H

HH

Names of AlkanesNames of Alkanes• The names of the 4 simplest alkanes are methane,

ethane, propane and butane.• After that the names are systematic (like the words

used to describe geometric shapes.) E.g.– 5 carbons = pentane C5H12

– 6 carbons = hexane C6H14

– 7 carbons = heptane C7H16

– 8 carbons = octane C8H18

– 9 carbons = nonaneC9H20

– 10 carbons = decane C10H22

carbon

hydrogenpentane

Alkanes all have a general formula of CnH2n+2

This is because they have a CH3 at each end and the rest is made of groups of CH2

What will be the formula for alkanes containing the following numbers of carbons?

C12H26

C16H34

C31H64

C19H40

Activity

Number of carbons Formula

12

16

31

19

C

H

H

H Hmethane, CH4

Drawing Alkanes

Alkanes can be drawn like this. Can you draw the alkanes below?

butane, C4H10

pentane, C5H12

ethane, C2H6

propane, C3H8

butane, C4H10

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

pentane, C5H12

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

C

H

H

H C

H

H

H

ethane, C2H6

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

Hpropane, C3H8

C

H

H

H C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

C

H

H

H

hexane, C6H14

and so on…………

Notice the carbon chainis not really straight

Quick QuizQuick Quiz

• 1. Name the elements that join together to make a hydrocarbon

• 2. What name is given to the alkane C6H14?

• 3. Copy and complete this sentence: ‘As the chain length of a hydrocarbon decreases, the boiling point ………………….?’

• 4. Which is more flammable a short or long chain hydrocarbon? Why?

• 5.

20/04/23

• 1. hydrogen and carbon• 2. hexane• 3. As the chain length of a

hydrocarbon decreases, the boiling point ………………….?

• 4. short chain hydrocarbons are more flammable because they are more volatile (reactive)

20/04/23